• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.59-81
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• 2020

Purpose - This study analyzes the scope of due diligence and risks of banks and K-Sure in trade finance covered by EFF focusing on Moneual case, one of the latest and biggest trade finance fraud cases in Korea. Also, we suggest anti-fraud measures in trade finance on the part of banks and K-Sure in order to give them a desirable way of due diligence and reasonable risk management of export insurance. Design/methodology - Based on Moneual case of trade finance fraud, this study employs the methodology of an extended literature review and analysis of court decisions. Findings - Seoul High Court of Korea failed to decide whether K-Sure was wholly obliged to pay the insurance against the banks' EFF claims, but issued a compulsory mediation order, judging that both the banks and K-Sure were responsible by 50:50. The court may have judged that both the parties had lacked their due diligence in the trade finance. It is quite difficult for trade finance providers to manually investigate whether the transaction is suspected of trade finance fraud, so digitalization of trade finance which can facilitate the prevention and detection of trade fraud needs to be realized quickly. Since there has been no international rule available for open account trade finance up till now, clearly stipulated EFF terms on the exporter's genuine export obligation might have protected K-Sure from the disaster. Originality/value - This study investigates the due diligence of the banks and K-Sure in Moneual case which few researchers have considered, to the best of our knowledge. This study also suggests several practical methods (including block chain) to prevent complicating trade finance fraud amid increasing use of an open account, and further offers reasonable risk management of EFF employing international factoring rule which is also related to problematic open account trade finance.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2452-2457
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• 2012

산업현장에서는 품질검사 과정 중의 잘못된 불량판정을 감소시키기 위하여, 각 제품단위에 대하여 불량판정이 나왔을 경우 복수의 검사를 반복하여 수행하는 경우가 있다. 본 논문은 총 두 번까지의 연속된 검사를 허용하는 품질검사 프로세스에 대한 분석을 다루고 있다. 본 논문에서는 제품검사의 단계와 품질판정 상태를 모델링하는 수학적 도구로서 마르코프 체인이 사용되었다. 그리고 산업체의 생산관리 시스템에서 수집된 불량 판정률을 마르코프 체인 모델의 데이터로 사용하였다. 또한 본 논문은 제품의 품질 특성 별 최종 비율과 제품의 폐기율에 대한 이러한 연속적인 이중검사 허용 프로세스의 영향에 대하여 분석을 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 연속이중검사 허용이 정상 제품에 대한 불량판정을 줄이며, 그 결과 재료, 노동 및 기타 비용을 줄이는 데 기여할 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 1995년도 추계학술대회 95 KFIS Workshop Realization of Human Friendly System Based on Soft Computiong Techniques
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• pp.124-140
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• 1995

The merit of fuzzy rule based systems stems from their capability of encoding qualitative knowledge of experts into quantitative rules. Recent advancement in automatic tuning or self-organization of fuzzy rules from experimental data further enhances their power, allowing the integration of the top-down encoding of knowledge with the bottom-up learning of rules. In this paper, methods of self-organizing fuzzy rules and of performing defuzzification and inference is presented based on a multi-resolution radial basis function network. The network learns an arbitrary input-output mapping from sample distribution as the union of hyper-ellipsoidal clusters of various locations, sizes and shapes. The hyper-ellipsoidal clusters, representing fuzzy rules, are self-organized based of global competition in such a way as to ensute uniform mapping errors. The cooperative interpolation among the multiple clusters associated with a mapping allows the network to perform a bidirectional many-to-many mapping, representing a particular from of defuzzification. Finally, an inference engine is constructed for the network to search for an optimal chain of rules or situation transitions under the constraint of transition feasibilities imposed by the learned mapping. Applications of the proposed network to skill acquisition are shown.

• International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2013

This paper presents a mooring design procedure for a floating offshore wind turbine. Offshore environmental data for Jeju are taken from KHOA (Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Administration) and used for the environmental conditions in numerical analyses. A semi-submersible-type floating wind system with a 5-MW-class wind turbine studied by the DeepCwind Consortium is applied. Catenary mooring with a studless chain is chosen as the mooring system. Design deliverables such as the nominal sizes of chain and length of the mooring line are decided by considering the long-term prediction of the breaking strength of the mooring lines where a 100-year return period is used. The designed mooring system is verified using a fatigue calculation based on rain-flow cycle counting, an S-N curve, and a Miner's damage summation of rule. The mooring tension process is obtained from time-domain motion analyses using ANSYS/AQWA.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제36권2A호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2011

본 논문은 멀티밴드 해양통신망에서 선적 정보를 주기적으로 전송할 때 발생하는 비용을 최소화하기 위해 가용한 네트워크의 전송 비용과 주어진 허용 가능한 최대 지연 범위 이내에서 예상되는 최소 평균 전송 비용을 비교하여 전송 시점을 결정하는 방안을 제시한다. 이때 전송 시점과 해당 네트워크의 선택 과정을 Markov Decision Process (MDP)로 모델링하며, 이에 따라 각 밴드에서의 채널 상태를 2-State Markov Chain으로 모델링하고 평균 전송 비용을 Stochastic Dynamic Programming을 통해 계산한다. 이를 통해 최소 비용의 망 선택 방식이 도출되었으며, 제안된 방식을 사용할 때 고정 주기를 사용하여 정보를 전송하는 방식에 비해 상당한 망 사용 비용을 절감할 수 있음을 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 보인다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.435-446
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• 2016

In this study, hydrodynamic and mooring analysis for LNG FSRU moored by an internal turret with 9 mooring lines are numerically performed using commercial softwares, Hydrostar and Ariane. Met-ocean combinations for screening method are taken from wave governed condition(BV Rule Note NR 493) with relative heading between wave and wind between −45° and +45° and relative heading between wind and current between −30° and +30°. Extreme mooring analysis and sensitivity analysis are performed for intact and damaged (=one line missing) conditions and the parameters for sensitivity analysis are wave peak period, peak enhancement factor and line pretension. In the viewpoint of the design tension in mooring line, chain diameter is designed to satisfy safety factor for each conditions. As the chain diameter is increased from 152mm to 171mm, the designtension is reduced while the minimum breaking load is increased.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.390-396
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• 2003

As the design rule of device continued to shrink, the contact resistance in small contact size became important. Although the conventional TiN/Ti structure as a ohmic layer has been widely used, we propose a new TiN/Co film structure. We characterized a contact resistance by using a chain pattern and a KELVIN pattern, and a leakage current determined by current-voltage measurements. Moreover, the microstructure of TiN/ Ti/ silicide/n$\^$+/ contact was investigated by a cross-sectional transmission electron microscope (TEM). The contact resistance by the Co ohmic layer showed the decrease of 26 % compared to that of a Ti ohmic layer in the chain resistance, and 50 ％ in KELYIN resistance, respectively. A Co ohmic layer shows enough ohmic behaviors comparable to the Ti ohmic layer, while higher leakage currents in wide area pattern than Ti ohmic layer. We confirmed that an uniform silicide thickness and a good interface roughness were able to be achieved in a CoSi$_2$ Process formed on a n$\^$+/ silicon junction from TEM images.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

The PoN (Proof of Nonce) distributed consensus algorithm basically uses a non-competitive consensus method that can guarantee an equal opportunity for all nodes to participate in the block generation process, and this method was expected to resolve the first trilemma of the blockchain, called the decentralization problem. However, the decentralization performance of the PoN distributed consensus algorithm can be greatly affected by the network transaction transmission delay characteristics of the nodes composing the block chain system. In particular, in the consensus process, differences in network node performance may significantly affect the composition of the congress and committee on a first-come, first-served basis. Therefore, in this paper, we presented a problem by analyzing the decentralization performance of the PoN distributed consensus algorithm, and suggested a fairness control algorithm using a learning-based probabilistic acceptance rule to improve it. In addition, we verified the superiority of the proposed algorithm by conducting a numerical experiment, while considering the block chain systems composed of various heterogeneous characteristic systems with different network transmission delay.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.272-275
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• 2007

This paper is concerned with modified integration algorithm on the strain-space for rate and temperature dependent elasto-plastic constitutive relations in order to obtain more accurate results in numerical implementation. The proposed algorithm is integrated analytically using integration by part and chain rule and then is applied to the 2-stage Lobatto IIIA with second-order accuracy. It has advantage that is able to consider the convective stress rates on the yield surface of the strain-space. Also this paper is carried out the iteration procedure using the Newton-Raphson method to enforce consistency at the end of the step. And the performance of the proposed algorithm for rate and temperature dependent constitutive relation is illustrated by means of analysis of adiabatic shear bands.

• 산업공학
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2012

Traditional business process management systems provide verification tools of process models to deploy and automate the models. However, there are not so many studies on how to maintain systematically collaborative process models such as supply chain processes when companies are willing to change and update the collaborative process models. In this paper, we analyze change patterns of collaborative processes and declare 19 change patterns. In addition, we apply the change patterns to the process interoperability patterns in order to identify the change problems in case of independent process changes of collaborative processes. As a result, we devise an independency checking algorithm of process changes in collaborative processes.