• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.541-548
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• 2012

On this paper, we proposed a design rule of charger monitoring system which allow us to watch the charging status and verify it for building the electric chargers infrastructure by spread of electric vehicle. Gathering the charging status of battery by proposed system makes us to enhance the charging algorithm, to interface with BMS(Battery Management System) of electric vehicle, to control the charging process with users. Because the technology of rapid charging is dependant upon various factors such as a performance and stability of battery. We proposed the monitoring system of rapid charger based on CAN protocol that can watch a working status of rapid charger including the charging status of battery with real time and can reduce the charging time of battery with optimized status. We also implement it and evaluate its performance.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.13
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• pp.91-134
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• 2006

In general, personally collected archives, manuscripts, are physically badly conditioned and also contextual of the archives and information on the history of production is mostly collected partly in the manuscripts. Therefore they need to control the name of the producers on the archives collected in various ways effectively and accumulate provenance information which is the key element when understanding the production background in the collecting repository. Here, the authority control and provenance information management must be organized from the beginning of acquisition and this means to collect necessary information considering control process of acquisition as well. This thesis is for verifying the necessity of the authority control in collecting repository and accumulation of the provenance information and for suggesting the things to be considered as collecting Archival authority system. For all these, this thesis shows that it has checked out the necessity of the authority control in archival management and archival authority control and researched the standard of archival authority control, work process and accumulation process. Archival provenance information management and authority control in the archival authority control system are organized through the whole steps of the archival management starting from the lead file to the name of the producers at archival registration and archival description at acquisition. And a lot of information is registered and described at the proper point of time and finally all the information including authority control which controls the Heading in the authority management must be organized to use them as an intellectual management of archives and Finding Aids. The features of the Archival authority system are as follows; first of all, Authority file type which is necessary at the archival authority control of democracy movement is made up of the name of the group, person, affair and terminology(subject name). Second of all, basic record structures and description elements in authority collection of Korea Democracy Foundation Archives apply in the paragraph 1 of ISAAR(CPF) adding some necessary elements and details of description rule such as spacing words and using the periods apply in the paragraph 4 of KCR coping with the features of the archival management system. And also the way of input on the authority record is based on EAC(Encoded Archival Context). Third of all, it made users approach to the sources which they want more easily by connecting the authority terms systemically making it possible to connect the relative terms with up and down words, before and after words variously and concretely expanding the term relations rather than earlier traditional authority system which is usually expressed only with relative words (see also). So the authority control of archival management system can effectively collect and manage the function of various and multiple groups and information on main activities as well as its own function which is controlling the Heading and express the multiple and intermediary relationship between archives and producers or between producers and it also provides them with expanded Record information service which satisfies user's various requests through Indexing service. Finally applying in this international standard ISAAR(CPF) through the instance of the authority management like this, it can be referred to making Archival authority system in Collecting repository hereafter by reorganizing the description elements into appropriate formations and setting up the authority file type which is to be managed properly for every service.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.43-54
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• 1997

Knowledge acquisition is one of the most difficult problems in designing fuzzy systems. As application domains of fuzzy systems become larger and more complex, it is more difficult to find the relations among the system's input- outpiit variables. Moreover, it takes a lot of efforts to formulate expert's knowledge about complex systems' control actions by linguistic variables. Another difficulty is to define and adjust membership functions properly. Soin conventional fuzzy systems, the membership functions should be adjusted to improve the system performance. This is time-consuming process. In this paper, we suggest a new approach to design a fuzzy system. We design a fuzzy system using two neural networks, Kohonen neural network and backpropagation neural network, which generate fuzzy rules automatically and construct inference network. Since fuzzy inference is performed based on fuzzy relation in this approach, we don't need the membership functions of each variable. Therefore it is unnecessary to define and adjust membership functions and we can get fuzzy rules automatically. The design process of fuzzy system becomes simple. The proposed approach is applied to a simulated automatic car speed control system. We can be sure that this approach not only makes the design process of fuzzy systems simple but also produces appropriate inference results.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.64-74
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• 2007

Because of the size and environment in the shipbuilding process, the portable type robot is required for the automatic seam tracking. For this reason, the structure of laser sensor should be considered in the initial design step and the coordinate transformation between welding robot and laser sensor, which is joint finder, must be identified exactly and the real time tracking algorithm based on these consideration could be developed. In this research, laser displacement sensor in which its structure is laser beam's vertical projection, is developed to recognize the location of weld joint. In practical applications, however, images of weld joints are often degraded because of the surface specularity or spatter. To overcome the problem, the constrained joint finding algorithm is proposed. In the approach of coordinate conversion rule for the visual feedback control among welding torch, robot body and laser sensor is applied by the same reference point method. In the real time seam tracking algorithms we propose constrained sampling method which uses look ahead distance. The RLS(Recursive Least Square) filter is applied to obtain the smooth tracking path from the sensitive edge data. From the experimental results, we could see the possibility that the developed laser sensor with proposed processing algorithm and real time seam tracking method can be used as a welding under the shipbuilding condition.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.56-64
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• 2018

In recent years, imbalanced data is one of the most important and frequent issue for quality control in industrial field. As an example, defect rate has been drastically reduced thanks to highly developed technology and quality management, so that only few defective data can be obtained from production process. Therefore, quality classification should be performed under the condition that one class (defective dataset) is even smaller than the other class (good dataset). However, traditional multi-class classification methods are not appropriate to deal with such an imbalanced dataset, since they classify data from the difference between one class and the others that can hardly be found in imbalanced datasets. Thus, one-class classification that thoroughly learns patterns of target class is more suitable for imbalanced dataset since it only focuses on data in a target class. So far, several one-class classification methods such as one-class support vector machine, neural network and decision tree there have been suggested. One-class support vector machine and neural network can guarantee good classification rate, and decision tree can provide a set of rules that can be clearly interpreted. However, the classifiers obtained from the former two methods consist of complex mathematical functions and cannot be easily understood by users. In case of decision tree, the criterion for rule generation is ambiguous. Therefore, as an alternative, a new one-class classifier using hyper-rectangles was proposed, which performs precise classification compared to other methods and generates rules clearly understood by users as well. In this paper, we suggest an approach for improving the limitations of those previous one-class classification algorithms. Specifically, the suggested approach produces more improved one-class classifier using hyper-rectangles generated by using Gaussian function. The performance of the suggested algorithm is verified by a numerical experiment, which uses several datasets in UCI machine learning repository.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.150-156
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• 2022

As the 4th industrial revolution emerges, the implementation of smart factories are essential in the manufacturing industry. However, 80% of small and medium-sized enterprises that have introduced smart factories remain at the basic level. In addition, in root industries such as injection molding, PLC and HMI software are used to implement functions that simply show operation data aggregated by facilities in real time. This has limitations for managers to make decisions related to product production other than viewing data. This study presents a method for upgrading the level of smart factories to suit the reality of small and medium-sized enterprises. By monitoring the data collected from the facility, it is possible to determine whether there is an abnormal situation by proposing an appropriate algorithm for meaningful decision-making, and an alarm sounds when the process is out of control. In this study, the function of HMI has been expanded to check the failure frequency rate, facility time operation rate, average time between failures, and average time between failures based on facility operation signals. For the injection molding industry, an HMI prototype including the extended function proposed in this study was implemented. This is expected to provide a foundation for SMEs that do not have sufficient IT capabilities to advance to the middle level of smart factories without making large investments.

• International Journal of Railway
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.129-133
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• 2008

Over the last $15{\sim}20$years, many countries have adopted policies of railway privatization to keep up with increasing competition from road and air transport. Although each country and case has its own history, market characteristics, political context as well as administrative process, railway privatizations (including railway restructure, concession etc.) in the west usually are accompanied with the establishment of new regulatory regimes. Therefore, railway governance has been innovating towards an interaction of government, regulator, industry bodies, user groups, trade unions and other interested groups within the regulatory framework. However, it is not the case in China. Although China had seen a partial privatization in some branch lines and is experiencing a much larger-scale privatization by establishing joint-ventures to build and operate high-speed passenger lines and implementing an asset-based securitization program, administrative control still occupies absolutely dominant position in the railway governance in China. Ministry of Railway (MOR) acts as the administrator, operator as well as regulator. There is no national policy that clearly positions railway in the transportation network and clarifies the role of government in railway development. There is also little participation from interested groups in the railway policy making, pricing, service standard or safety matter. Railway in China is solely governed by the mere executive agency. Efficiency-focused economic perspective explanation is far from satisfaction. A wider research perspective from political and social regime is of great potential to better explain and solve the problem. In the west, separation and constrains of power had long been established as a fundamental rule. In addition to internal separation of political power(legislation, execution and jurisdiction), rise of corporation in the 19th century and association revolution in the 20th century greatly fostered the growth of economic and social power. Therefore, political, social and economic organizations cooperate and compete with each other, which leads to a balanced and resonable power structure. While in China, political power, mainly party-controlled administrative power has been keeping a dominated position since the time of plan economy. Although the economic reform promoted the growth of economic power of enterprises, it is still not strong enough to compete with political power. Furthermore, under rigid political control, social organizations usually are affiliated to government, independent social power is still too weak to function. So, duo to the limited and slow reform in political and social regime in China, there is an unbalanced power structure within which political power is dominant, economic power expanding while social power still absent. Totally different power structure in China determines the fundamental institutional environment of her railway privatization and governance. It is expected that the exploration of who act behind railway governance and their acting strength (a power theory) will present us a better picture of railway governance as a relevant transportation mode. The paper first examines the railway governance in China and preliminarily establishes a linkage between railway governance and its fundamental institutional environment, i.e. power structure in a specific country. Secondly, the reason why there is no national policy in China is explored in the view of political power. In China, legislative power is more symbolic while party-controlled administrative power dominates political process and plays a fundamental role in Chinese railway governance. And then, in the part three railway finance reform is analyzed in the view of economic power, esp. the relationship of political power and economic power.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.127-138
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• 2021

The aim of this study is to demonstrate interaction as a describable field and tries to understand interaction from the perspective of attributes, thus building a theoretical to help interactive designer understand this field by common rule, rather than waste huge time and labor cost on iteration. Since the concept of interaction language has been brought out in 2000, there are varies of related academical studies, but all with defect such as proposed theoretical models are built on a non-uniform scale, or the analyzing perspective are mainly based on researcher's personal experience and being too unobjective. The value of this study is the clustered resource of research which mainly based on academical review. It collected 21 papers researched on interaction paradigm or interaction attributes published since 2000, extracting 19 interaction attribute models which contains 174 interaction attributes. Furthermore, these 174 attributes were re-clustered based on a more unified standard scale, and the two theoretical models summarized from it are respectively focuses on interaction control and interaction experience, both of which covered 6 independent attributes. The propose of this theoretical models and the analyzation of the cluster static will contribute on further revealing of the importance of interaction attribute, or the attention interaction attribute has been paid on. Also, in this regard, the interactive designer could reasonably allocate their energy during design process, and the future potential on various direction of interaction design could be discussed.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.67-76
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• 2002

This study is mainly based on the introduction process of formative art education method of Korean Bauhaus which was brought in this CQuntry through Japan. The introduction routes into Korea of Bauhaus education method by way of the United States through Germany have been disclosed since 1945, including Korean students studying in the United States as well as Scandinavian countries. Those introduction of Bauhaus method by Korean students into Korea had influenced the domestic university education. However, it was worth notice that Park Hui-rak pointed out through his writing that Bauhaus education method had already existed in the CQuntry before 1945 when korea was liberated from 35 years of Japanese colonial rule. Park hinted in his book of "Korean Design History,199B" that the curriculum of primary school, then affiliated with Taegu Education College had been possibly influenced from Composition Education" idealogy led by Japanese Kawakita Rensichiro. In Japan, Bauhaus education method had been independently introduced by civilians like primary school teachers of Kawakita. However, the possible introduction of the informative art education in the country by way of Japan leaves a lot of things to be considered. Because, the introduction was carried out by Choson governor-General which took charge of colonial rule of korea. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to make full explanation on the introduction of formative art education and on the types. For that purpose, examinations on various materials and information released by many educational institutes as well as by choson Governor-General were included. As the result, it was possible to find out a trace of "Composition Education : Japanese Bauhaus Formative Art Education" in 1937, one year earlier pointed out. And it was remarkable that two interested books were found out, which mainly dealt with Spanung of Composition and Dynamic sense. Finally, through examinations in many aspects, five drawing education books written in 1930s, such as Drawing Guide Details and indication, were proved to be equal to Bauhaus Composition Education in terms of terminology and contents. Moreover, it has been made clear that Composition education Choson was made mostly under the control and management of Choson Governor-General in the of books on education systems in then education college.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.91-124
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• 2021

In May 2019, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety revised the "Pharmaceutical Determination and Adjustment Criteria" with the content of differentially calculating the price of generic drugs according to the registration of the drug substance and meeting the requirements for their own bioequivalence test. According to this revised rule, if their own bioequivalence test is not conducted, even the generic drugs that have already been approved would be lowered in price. I wondered whether this system was introduced with sufficient public legal considerations regarding its legislative purposes and means. Therefore, I reviewed the contents of the revised notice based on whether or not it is valid to determine and adjust the price of generic drugs in terms of the legitimacy of legislative purposes and the proportionality principle after introducing the history and background of the rule. First, I raised a question as to whether the purpose of preventing the overrun of generic drugs is indeed legitimate in terms of the legitimacy of the purpose. In order for the revised notice of "reduction of drug prices when the test requirements are not met," to meet the conformity principle, the premise that it is difficult to recognize safety and effectiveness through consignment (joint) bioequivalence test or that these tests are insufficient in safety and efficacy verification than their own test must be established. Nevertheless, it seems that suffficient review has not been carried out. In order to achieve the purpose of securing safety and effectiveness, the focus should be on 'reinforcement of the standards for bioequivalence test and the management of the bioequivalence test itself' rather than whether it is a their own test or a consignment (joint) test. Third, it is contrary to the necessity and substantiality principle that strict standards are uniformly applied to the products that can be considered to have been sufficiently verified for safety and effectiveness after a considerable period of time has passed after the product approval. In many cases, revised administrative legislations quickly enacted and amended in the state of lack of legal review or consensus, while the regulatory effects resulting from it are quite direct and specific to the regulated person. In this respect, I emphasized that the administrative legislative process also requires substantial review and prior control of the regulatory purposes and means, and that the participation of stakeholders in the legislative procedure is to be strengthened.