• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.306-311
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• 2007

This paper presents the friction characteristics of pb-fres pin bushing bearings for an automotive gasoline engine. The external load is 100 N to 600 N and the speed of the pin bushing bearing is 1000 rpm to 3000 rpm against the rubbing surfaces. And the contact modes of rubbing surfaces between a piston pin and a pb-free pin bushing specimen are a dry friction, an oil lubricated friction and a mixed friction that is starved by a lack of engine oil. Two influential factors of a contact rubbing modes and a material property are very important parameters on the tribological performance of a friction characteristic between a piston pin and a pb-free pin bushing. The experimental result shows that the pin bushing speed of 2000 rpm shows a typical oil film lubricated sliding contact mode in which means that as the applied load is increased, the friction loss is increasing. But other contact mode depending on the speed and the load may affect to the fiction coefficient without a regular and uniform trend. In summary, the oil lubricated rubbing surface definitely decreases a running-in period in short and increase oil film stiffness, and this may leads the reduction of a friction loss.

• Journal of Information Display
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.180-183
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• 2009

A stamping-assisted rubbing technique for generating bidirectional alignment in the fabrication of wide-viewing twistednematic (TN) liquid crystal displays (LCDs) was developed. A patterned layer of a fluorinated acrylate polymer was transferred onto the first rubbed alignment layer prepared on a substrate by stamping. The fluorinated acrylate polymer provides a protective layer that covers the first alignment layer during the second rubbing process to facilitate the bidirectional alignment of the LC molecules. The LC cell in the twisted geometry with two bidirectional-alignment layers showed stable electro-optic properties and wide-viewing characteristics. The stamping-assisted rubbing technique serves as a mask-free alignment method of producing multidomains for wide-viewing LCDs.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.21
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• pp.330-330
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• 2008

It is widely investigated to liquid crystal (LC) alignment using non-contact alignment method such as ion-beam (IB) irradiation, UV alignment, and oblique deposition. Because conventional rubbing method has some drawbacks. These include defects from dust and electrostatic charges and rubbing scratch during rubbing process. In addition, rubbing method needs additional process to remove these defects. Therefore rubbing-free methods like ion-beam irradiation are strongly required. We studied LC alignment effect on poly imide surface by IB irradiation and electro-optical (EO) characteristics of twisted nematic liquid crystal display (TN-LCD). In this experiment, a good uniform alignment of the nematic liquid crystal (NLC) with the ion-beam exposure on the polyimide (PI) (SE-150 from Nissan Chemical) surface was observed. We also achieved low pretilt angle as a function of ion-beam irradiation intensity. In addition, it can be obtained the good EO properties of the IB-aligned TN-LCD on PI surface. Some other experiments results and discussion will be included in the poster.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.409-413
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• 2009

This paper presents the hardness and friction characteristics of pb-free pin-bush bearing metal, which is manufactured by a centrifugal casting technology. A bronze metal with a high hardness and low friction properties is usually used for Diesel engine pin-bush bearing and high pressure cylinder. Pb-free metal for pin-bush bearings shows a little high hardness of 120 Hv compared with that of a conventional Pb bearing metal of 100~110 Hv. In general, the friction coefficient of pin-bush bearings is affected by a rotating speed and a load for various rubbing contact modes. But a contact load is more influential parameter when the contact rubbing mode transits from a mixed lubrication to a dry friction contact. The experimental result shows that the friction coefficient is more unstable at the dry contact mode compared with that of other two rubbing modes such as oil film contact and mixed friction conditions.

• Journal of Information Display
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.191-194
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• 2011

A symmetric-viewing inverse-twisted-nematic (ITN) liquid crystal display (LCD) with alternating alignment layers was developed using a stamping-assisted rubbing (SAR) technique. A patterned layer of a fluorinated acrylate polymer was transferred onto the first rubbed vertical-alignment layer prepared on a substrate by stamping. The fluorinated acrylate polymer provided a protective layer covering the first rubbed alignment layer during the second rubbing process, which promoted the vertical alignment of the LC molecules. The LC cell in the ITN geometry with two orthogonally rubbed alignment layers showed symmetric-viewing characteristics with fourfold symmetry. The SAR technique was shown to be a mask-free alignment method of producing multidomains for symmetric-viewing LCDs.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 및 기술 세미나 논문집 디스플레이 광소자
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• pp.43-43
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• 2008

Recently, it is widely studied to liquid crystal (LC) alignment using ion-beam exposure. Because conventional rubbing method has some problems such as defects from dust and electrostatic charges and rubbing scratch during rubbing process. Moreover rubbing method needs cleaning process to remove these defects. Therefore rubbing-free techniques like ion-beam method are strongly required. We studied LC alignment by controlling ion-beam irradiation angles and electro-optical (EO) characteristics of twisted nematic LC on the polyimide surface. In this experiment, a good uniform alignment of the nematic liquid crystal (NLC) with the ion-beam exposure on the polyimide (PI) surface was observed. We also achieved low pretilt angle as function of ion-beam irradiation angles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis provided chemical evidence for LC alignment by controlling ion-beam irradiation angles. In addition, it can be achieved the good EO properties of the ion-beam-aligned twisted nematic liquid crystal display (TN-LCD) on PI surface. Some other experiments results and discussion will be included in the presentation.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.399-399
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• 2007

Recently, it is widely studied to liquid crystal (LC) alignment using ion-beam exposure. Because conventional rubbing method has some problems such as defects from dust and electrostatic charges during rubbing process. Therefore rubbing-free techniques like ion-beam method are strongly required. We studied LC alignment by controlling ion-beam energy density and electro-optical (EO) characteristics of twisted nematic LC on the polyimide surface. In this experiment, a good uniform alignment of the nematic liquid crystal (NLC) with the ion-beam exposure on the polyimide (PI) surface was observed. In addition, it can be achieved the good EO properties of the ion-beam-aligned twisted nematic liquid crystal display (TN-LCD) on PI surface.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 및 기술 세미나 논문집 디스플레이 광소자
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• pp.45-46
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• 2008

The conventional biased vertical alignment (BVA) mode has several advantages such as rubbing- and protrusion-free, wide-viewing angle and stable LC dynamics against external pressure. However manufacturing process of BVA mode is difficult task because the pixel and bias electrode signal are different in each frame. To solve this problem, we investigated the pattern free vertical alignment (PFVA) by using the UV-curable reactive mesogen (RM), in which the LC molecules were made to be pre-tilted. Eventually transmittance and response time in PFVA mode were found to be improved as compared to BVA mode.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.430-430
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• 2007

In general, polyimides (PIs) are used in liquid crystal displays (LCDs) as alignment layer of liquid crystals (LCs). Up to date, the rubbing alignment technique has been widely used to align liquid crystals on the PI surface, which is suitable for mass-production of LCDs because of its simple process and high productivity. However, this method has some disadvantages. Rubbed PI surfaces include the debris left by the cloth and the generation of electrostatic charges during rubbing process. Therefore, rubbing-free techniques for LC alignment are strongly required in LCD technology. In this experiment, PI was uniformly coated on indium-tin-oxide electrode substrates to form LC alignment layers using a spin-coating method and the PI layers were subsequently imidized at 433 K for 1 h. The thickness of the PI layer was set at 50 nm. The LC alignment layer surfaces were exposed to an $Ar^+$ ion-beam under various ion-beam energies. The antiparallel cells and twisted-nematic (TN) cells for the measurement of pretile angle and electro-optical characteristics were fabricated with the cell gap of 60 and $5\;{\mu}m$, respectively. The LC cells were filled with nematic LC (NLC, MJ001929, Merck) and were assembled. The NLC alignment capability on ion-beam-treated PI was observed using photomicroscope and the pretilt angle of the NLC was measured by the crystal-rotation method at room temperature. Voltage-transmittance (V-T) and response time characteristics of the ion-beam irradiated TN cell were measured by a LCD evaluation system.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2003년도 International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.1092-1095
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• 2003

A driving mechanism and excellent features for an in-plane switching twisted nematic liquid crystal mode (IT mode) that could possibly improve the viewing-angle and color shift characteristics and the cell gap error tolerance is proposed. .It is important that the surface azimuthal anchoring strength of the liquid crystal cell differs at the upper and lower substrates. Furthermore. as a rubbing-free LCD. amorphously aligned in-plane switching twisted nematic mode (a-IT mode) is also demonstrated.