• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 1995

The study was carried out to compare the factors of overall preference In the sensory test to the analyzation of some compositions in the 7 kinds of old grasses : An Evening Primerose, a Spiderworts, the flower of a Convolvulus, So Ru Jang Yl, Shoe Bl Rum.O Yi Pul, Jip Sean Na Mul. Results were summaries as follows. 1. The Tannin contents of fresh sample and cooked samples were determined as 0.27~2.4g%, 0.25~1.439% respectively. The largest amount of fresh samples was contained In a Shoe Bi Rum. The smallest amount of them was in an Evening Primerose. The highest level of cooked samples was found in a Shoe Bi Rm, and the lowest was in the O Yi Pul. These results were similar to sensory test. 2. The free amino acid contents of 2 kinds of samples were determined as 25.15~179.5mg%, 1.86~13. 6mg% respectively. The largest amount of sweet taste of them was 0 Yi Pul and So Ru Jaeng Yl respectively. But So Ru Jaeng Yi is not appeared sweety becase this have much tannin. The smallest amount of sweet taste was a Spiderwort. The highest level of bitter taste was So Ru Jaeng Yl the and lowest was Jip Sean Na Mul. Among of them Jlp Sean Na Mul is similar to organoleptic test but So Ru Jaeng Yi is not strong bitter taste in sensory evaluation. The highest level of sour taste of cooked samples was So Ru Jaeng Yi and the lowest of them was Shoe Bi Rum. The reducing sugar contents of fresh sample and cooked samples were determined as 1.80~ 4.9g%, 1.84 ~3.579% respectively. The largest of fresh samples were So Ru Jaeng Yl and the lowest was Shoe Bi Rum. The highest of cooked samples were an Evening Primerose and the lowest was a Convolvulus. Among of these results an Evening Primerose was not similar to sensory test because it has much other components. The level of chlorophyll of fresh samples and cooked samples were determined as 11.7~39mg%, 11.3~40.3mg% respectively. The highest of fresh samples was Shoe Bl Rum and the lowest was J ip Sean Na Mul. The largest of cooked samples was So Ru Jaeng Yi and the lowest was a Jlp Seu Na Mul.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.35-53
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• 2015

Objectives : In order to find how reference books of Yi Xue Ru Men reflect the classification and criterion for low back pain(LBP). Methods : From reference books of Yi Xue Ru Men, select the texts on classification and criterion for LBP. Results : According to the causes of LBP, Chao Yuan Fang(巢元方) in Sui Dynasty assorted to 5 types of LBP at the very first. Chen Wu Ze(陳無擇) in Song Dynasty made 7 divisions by external, internal, and non-external, non-internal causes. According to the pulse of LBP, Yan Yong He(嚴用和) first categorized 4 groups, Zhu Zhen Heng(朱震亨) added another 4 groups. Aside from this standard, Zhu(朱震亨) adopted the cause standard. Depending on Yunqi(運氣), Lou Ying(樓英) classified 5 types. But his classification had been not adopted by any TCM books. According to symptom of 6 varieties(六變), Zhang Jie Bin(張介賓) assorted external(表), internal(裏), deficiency(虛), sufficiency(實), cold(寒) and heat(熱), add 2 groups besides them. But his categorization did not reflect Yi Xue Ru Men. Li Chan(李梴), the author of this book chose causes and pulse classification standards that Zhu Zhen Heng had adopt. Conclusions : In the side of classification and criterion for LBP, Li Chan first divided 2 group, external and internal injury. After it he subdivided both groups to 10 subgroup. His classification is similar to Chen(陳無擇)'s, but actually followed the classification for external and internal injury that was invented by Li Dong Yuan(李東垣).

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.281-290
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• 2013

Objective : The medicine originated from Taoist tradition which identifies itself with medicine, making a harmonic combination between taoist theory of life fostering(養生論) and confucianism was a everlasting task for Ru-Yi, Li-chan who attach great importance to Confucian-medicine. Differing from the ideological background of precedent medical theorists, made his own confucianism the main theory of medicine. I think we need a rational reflection over these issues and am trying to focus on it. I hereby analyse the Ru-Yi, Li-chan's viewpoint on Taoism since after Ming(明)-dynasty during which his theoretical ideology has bloomed in chinese medicine. Method : I analyze the sentences in Li-Chan's Yisuerumen(Medical beginner's book, 醫學入門) From the perspective of Confucianism and Taoism. Result & Conclusion : Li-Chan understood Taoism from the viewpoint of Confucian medicine. Thus, He accepted the life-fostering of Taoism from the point of Confucian-moral cultivation. He emphasized the role of the Xin(mind, 心) and he was rejected Taoist mysticism. He interpreted Medical classics-Huangdineijing(黃帝內經) from the perspective of the Confucian classics and understanding of each other was similar position. Because he was a Confucian scholar and medical scientists.

• BMB Reports
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.604-608
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• 2002

The effects of progesterone on the acrosome reaction, as well as the effects of RU486 on the progesterone-induced acrosome reaction in capacitated boar spermatozoa, were investigated. Progesterone, a major steroid that is secreted by the cumulus cells of oocyte, clearly induced the acrosome reaction in a dose-dependent manner in capacitated boar spermatozoa, even though it failed to show similar effects in non-capacitated spermatozoa. RU486, a potent antiprogestin, significantly reduced the effects of progesterone on the progesterone-induced acrosome reaction; however, when treated alone, it showed no inhibitory effects on the acrosome reaction. The inhibitory effects of RU486 were also shown to be dose-dependent. These results imply that in addition to the well-known inducer of the acrosome reaction, zona pellucida, progesterone can also induce the acrosome reaction through its specific receptors on spermatozoa after the spermatozoa undergo capacitation.

• Carbon letters
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.121-125
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• 2013

In this study, PtRu nanoparticles deposited on binary carbon supports were developed for use in direct methanol fuel cells using carbon blacks (CBs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The particle sizes and morphological structures of the catalysts were analyzed using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, and the PtRu loading content was determined using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer. The electrocatalytic characteristics for methanol oxidation were evaluated by means of cyclic voltammetry with 1 M $CH_3OH$ in a 0.5 M $H_2SO_4$ solution as the electrolyte. The PtRu particle sizes and the loading level were found to be dependent on the mixing ratio of the two carbon materials. The electroactivity of the catalysts increased with an increasing MWCNT content, reaching a maximum at 30% MWCNTs, and subsequently decreased. This was attributed to the introduction of MWCNTs as a secondary support, which provided a highly accessible surface area and caused morphological changes in the carbon supports. Consequently, the PtRu nanoparticles deposited on the binary support exhibited better performance than those deposited on the single support, and the best performance was obtained when the mass ratio of CBs to MWCNTs was 70:30.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.268-268
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• 2013

Water molecules on a Ru(0001) surface are anomalously acidic compared to bulk water. The observation was made by conducting reactive ion scattering, reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed desorption measurements for the adsorption of ammonia onto a water layer formed on Ru(0001). The study shows that the water molecules in the first intact $H_2O$ bilayer spontaneously release a proton to NH3 adsorbates to produce $NH_4{^+}$. However, such proton transfer does not occur for $H_2O$, OH, and H in a mixed adsorption layer or for $H_2O$ in a thick ice film surface.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.11c
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• pp.801-803
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• 1998

We investigated Pt and $RuO_2$ as a bottom electrode and PZT thin film for ferroelectric applications. XRD examination shows that a mixed phase of (111) and (200) Pt peak for the temperature ranged from RT to $200^{\circ}C$, and a preferred (111) orientation for the substrate temperature of $300^{\circ}C$. From the XRD and AFM results, we recommend the substrate temperature of $300^{\circ}C$, 80 W for the Pt bottom electrode growth. From the study of an oxygen partial pressure from 0 to 50%, we learned that only Ru metal was grown with $0{\sim}5%$, a mixed phase of Ru and $RuO_2$ for $10{\sim}40%$, pure $RuO_2$ at 50%. Having optimized the bottom electrode growth conditions, we employed two step process in PZT film capacitor: PZT film growth at the low substrate temperature of $300^{\circ}C$ and then post RTA anneal treatments. PZT films were randomly oriented on $RuO_2$ and (110) preferentially oriented on Pt electrode. Leakage current density of PZT film demonstrated two to three orders higher for $RuO_2$ bottom electrode. From C-V results we observed a dielectric constant of PZT film higher than 1200. This paper presents the optimized process conditions of the bottom electrodes and properties of PZT thin films on these electrodes.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Crystal Growth Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.57-60
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• 1998

Lean zirconate titanate (PZT) is an attractive material for the memory device applications. We have investigated Pt and{{{{ { RuO}_{2 } }}}} as a botton electrode for a device application of PZT thin film. The bottom electrodes were prepared by using an RF magnetron sputtering method. The substrate temperature influenced the resistivity of Pt and {{{{ { RuO}_{2 } }}}} a s well as the film crystal structure. XRD examination shows that a preferred(111) orientations for the substrate temperature of 30$0^{\circ}C$. From the XRD and AFM results, we recommend the substrate temperature of 30$0^{\circ}C$ for the bottom electrode growth. We investigated and anneal temperature effect because Perovskite PZT structure is recommended for the memory device applications and the structural transformation is occurred only after and elevated heat treatment. As post anneal temperature was increased from RT to $700^{\circ}C$, the resistivity of Rt and {{{{ { RuO}_{2 } }}}} w as decreased. Surface morphology was observed by AFM as a function of post anneal temperature.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.2689-2693
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• 2012

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and $C_{60}$-encapsulated SWNTs ($C_{60}@SWNTs$) are introduced to Ru-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (PECs), and photocurrents are compared between two cells, i.e., an $RuL_2(NCS)_2$/DAPV/SWNTs/ITO cell and an $RuL_2(NCS)_2$/DAPV/$C_{60}@SWNTs$/ITO cell. [L = 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid, DAPV = di-(3-aminopropyl)-viologen, and ITO = indium-tin oxide] The photocurrents are increased by 70.6% in the presence of $C_{60}@SWNTs$. To explain the photocurrent increase, the reverse-field emission method is used, i.e., $RuL_2(NCS)_2$/DAPV/SWNTs/ITO cell (or $RuL_2(NCS)_2$/DAPV/$C_{60}@SWNTs$/ITO cell) as an anode and a counter electrode Pt as a cathode in the external electric field. The improved field emission properties, i.e., ${\beta}$ (field enhancement factor) and emission currents in the reverse-field emission with $C_{60}@SWNTs$ indicate the enhancement of the PEC electric field, which implies the improvement of the electron transfer rate along with the reduced charge recombination in the cell.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.3576-3582
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• 2014

Zeolite-templated carbons (ZTCs), which have high specific surface area, were prepared by a conventional templating method using microporous zeolite-Y for catalyst supports in direct methanol fuel cells. The ZTCs were synthesized at different temperatures to investigate the characteristics of the surface produced and their electrochemical properties. Thereafter, Pt-Ru was deposited at different carbonization temperatures by a chemical reduction method. The crystalline and structural features were investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The textural properties of the ZTCs were investigated by analyzing $N_2$/77 K adsorption isotherms using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller equation, while the micro- and meso-pore size distributions were analyzed using the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda and Harvarth-Kawazoe methods, respectively. The surface morphology was characterized using transmission electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The electrochemical properties of the Pt-Ru/ZTCs catalysts were also analyzed by cyclic voltammetry measurements. From the results, the ZTCs carbonized at $900^{\circ}C$ show the highest specific surface areas. In addition, ZTC900-PR led to uniform dispersion of Pt-Ru on the ZTCs, which enhanced the electro-catalytic activity of the Pt-Ru catalysts. The particle size of ZTC900-PR catalyst is about 3.4 nm, also peak current density from the CV plot is $12.5mA/cm^2$. Therefore, electro-catalytic activity of the ZTC900-PR catalyst is higher than those of ZTC1000-PR catalyst.