• 한국항해학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.1-31
• /
• 1987

Nowadays, the transportation of almost all cargoes depends on sea routes in international trade. In the transaction of trade, cargo transportation must be completed on the base of two contrary objectives, one of which is to protect the vessel, cargoes and crew aborad her safely through every step of the transportation and the other is to pursue profits from the transaction of the trade. In spite of the great development of the modern techniques in shipbuilding today, many sea disaters of big merchant vessels have been occurring successively in winter seasons every year on the sea routes of the North Pacific Ocean. Whenever the accident of losing a vessel in rough sea occurred , many experts of the country to which the vessel belonged had tried to take out the reason of the missing without manifesting the exact cause of the unhappy occurrence. In this paper, we calculated ocean wave status along the route of the North Pacific Ocean theoretically concluded by us as optimum on the basis of weather and sea conditions. In the calculation, we used ITTC wave spectrum formula and meteorological data of "Winds '||'&'||' Waves of the north Pacific Ocean" edited by Ship Research Institute of Japan on the basic data assembled by World Meterological Organization through past 10 years. We selected three sample vessels of most common size in the North Pacific Ocean Routes, a container, a log carrier and a bulk carrier and applied tree sample vessels to the calculated sea conditions for getting the rolling angles of the vessels and stress exerting on the hulls. Examining the calculated results, we concluded as follows; 1. Under the condition of these status7 by beaufort scale, "heave to" maneuvering is the best and safest way to steer every vessel. 2. The most dangerous part of sea area along the west bound optimum route of the North Pacific Ocean in winter season, is the southern sea area of the Kamchatka peninsula.a peninsula.

• 한국측량학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.9-20
• /
• 1997

정밀 수준측량은 지각의 상하변동을 조사하거나 지진예지를 위하여 중요한 수단의 하나이다. 본 연구는 대기층에서 발생하는 빛의 굴절이 경사지 수준측량에서 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 고찰하는데 목적이 있다 본 연구에서는 Kukkamaki의 이론과 기상관측 자료를 토대로 Kukkamaki의 보정량이 경사지 전후시 수준측량오차에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 실제 실험을 통하여 시도하여 보았다. 실제적으로 경사 1고정측점(2/100∼4/100)에서 전후시 반복관측과 경사지 연속 관측 루트를 통하여 빛의 굴절의 영향과 그 특성을 고찰하였다 특히, 경사지 수준측량(2/100-4/100)에서 빛의 굴절오차를 최소화 하기위여는 시준거리를 25-30 m로 하는 것이 이상적이다. 또한, 경사지연속관측 결과 Kukkamaki의 계산값과 실측값이 거의 일치하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제10권1_2호
• /
• pp.21-35
• /
• 1995

Risk assessment processes, which include processes for the estimation of human cancer potency using animal bioassay data and calculation of human exposure, entail uncertainties. In the exposure assessment process, exposure scenarios with various assumptions could affect the exposure amount and excess cancer risk. We compared risk estimates among various exposure scenarios of vinyl chloride, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene in tap water. The contaminant concentrations were analyzed from tap water samples in Seoul from 1993 to 1994. The oral and inhalation cancer potencies of the contaminants were estimated using multistage, Weibull, lognormal, and Mantel-Bryan model in TOX-RISK computer software. In the first case, human excess cancer risk was estimated by the US EPA method used to set the MCL(maximum contaminant level). In the second and third case, the risk was estimated for multi-route exposure with and without adopting Monte-Carlo simulation, respectively. In the second case, exposure input parameters and cancer potencies used probability distributions, and in the third case, those values used point estimates(mean, and maximum or 95% upper-bound value). As a result, while the excess cancer risk estimated by US EPA method considering only direct ingestion tended to be underestimated, the risk which was estimated by considering multi-route exposure without Monte-Carlo simulation and then using the maximum or 95% upper-bound value as input parameters tended to be overestimated. In risk assessment for volatile organic compounds, considering multi-route exposure with adopting Monte-Carlo analysis seems to provide the most reasonable estimations.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2023

본 연구는 일정 관리 애플리케이션을 효율적으로 사용할 수 있도록 연구, 개발하는 데 목적이 있다. 사람들은 자신이 해야 할 일들을 기억하기 위해 일정 관리 애플리케이션을 사용하고, 목적지에 제때 도착하기 위해 지도 애플리케이션을 사용한다. 본 연구에서는 사용자들이 애플리케이션을 편리하게 사용할 수 있도록 A^* 알고리즘을 사용하여 일정에 대한 최적의 동선을 추천해 주고 이를 지도 API를 활용하여 시각적으로 제공하는 애플리케이션을 개발하였다. 현재 사용되고 있는 캘린더, 지도, 스케줄 애플리케이션들을 비교 분석하여 단점을 보완하고 장점을 융합한 애플리케이션 개발을 위해 여러 가지 Open Maps API들을 비교하였다. 그리고 사용자가 등록한 일정에 대하여 시간, 장소에 따라 동선을 추천하기 위한 최적의 알고리즘을 적용한 애플리케이션 개발 결과를 기술하였다.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.491-498
• /
• 2018

The cost evaluation for voyage route planning in an ice-covered sea is one of the major topics among ship owners. Information of the ice properties, such as ice type, concentration of ice, ice thickness, strength of ice, and speed-power relation under ice conditions are important for determining the optimal route in ice and low operational cost perspective. To determine achievable speed at any designated pack ice condition, a model test of resistance, self-propulsion, and overload test in ice and ice-free water were carried out in a KRISO ice tank and towing tank. The available net thrust for ice and an estimation of the ice resistance under any pack ice condition were also performed by I-RES. The in-house code called 'I-RES', which is an ice resistance estimation tool that applies an empirical formula, was modified for the pack ice module in this study. Careful observations of underwater videos of the ice model test made it possible to understand the physical phenomena of underneath of the hull bottom surface and determine the coverage of buoyancy. The clearing resistance of ice can be calculated by subtracting the buoyance and open water resistance form the pre-sawn ice resistance. The model test results in pack ice were compared with the calculation results to obtain a correlation factor among the pack ice resistance, ice concentration, and ship speed. The resulting correlation factors were applied to the calculation results to determine the pack ice resistance under any pack ice condition. The pack ice resistance under the arbitrary pack ice condition could be estimated because software I-RES could control all the ice properties. The available net thrust in ice, which is the over thrust that overcomes the pack ice resistance, will change the speed of a ship according to the bollard pull test results and thruster characteristics (engine & propulsion combination). The attainable speed at a certain ice concentration of pack ice was determined using the interpolation method. This paper reports a procedure to determine the attainable speed in pack ice and the sample calculation using the Araon vessel was performed to confirm the entire process. A more detailed description of the determination of the attainable speed is described. The attainable speed in 1.0 m, 90% pack ice and 540 kPa strength was 13.3 knots.

• 한국항해항만학회지
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.53-57
• /
• 2014

This thesis, concentrates on marine collision risks of the area divided by cells. Using a gas molecular collision calculation model, a collision risk model is proposed. Collision risk is estimated by relative angle, relative speed, and ship's density in the cell. For one week, Automatic Identification System (AIS) data was collected and analyzed on the Busan North Port area. The results indicate a high-risk area at the sea route connection point in Busan North Port. It also shows that twilight is the time of day when most collisions occur. This means that the area is high risk due to the number of collisions and other dangerous factors related to twilight. Although there is still need to consider other risks such as grounding risks, the results of this study are useful to for plotting a risk map for the port.

• 대한교통학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 2002

도시 내 교통혼잡이 증가됨에 따라 최단경로 탐색방법뿐만이 아니라 동일 목적지까지의 여러 가지 경로(준 최단경로)를 제시해 줌으로써 교통량을 효과적으로 분산시킬 수 있는 대체경로 탐색기법에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 대체 경로의 유효성을 평가하는 성능지표를 제안하고, 복수개의 우수해 탐색에 유리한 진화 프로그램에 기초한 효과적인 대체경로 탐색기법을 제시한다. 기존 방법(k-th 최단경로 방법)의 문제점이었던 대체 경로들간의 유사성이 제안된 방법에서는 해결된다. 가상 도로망을 통한 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션의 결과로서 제안된 방법이 기존 방법보다 교통량 분산(경로들간의 상이성)측면에서 훨씬 더 우수함을 확인하였다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.272-283
• /
• 2010

무선 메쉬 네트워크는 최근 주목받는 연구 주제로 부상하고 있다. 무선 메쉬 네트워크는 대규모 무선 랜 장치와 AP들이 서로 연결된 무선 기반 구조로, 무선 메쉬 네트워크의 처리량(throughput)을 향상시키는 것을 목표로 한 수많은 연구가 이루어진 바 있다. 여기에서는 동시에 생겨나는 다수의 트래픽 흐름들을 전송하기 위한 적절한 라우팅 경로를 설정하는 작업이 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 IEEE 802.11 DCF하에서 전송되는 다수의 트래픽 흐름에 대해 신호 감지(Carrier Sensing), 간섭 등의 정보를 이용하여 양 말단간 (end-to-end) 처리량을 수학적으로 모델화하기 위한 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 각 단말에 성공적으로 이루어지는 평균 서비스 시간을 비교하고, 한편으로는 트래픽 흐름 가운데 병목현상이 발생하는 부분을 찾아내어 그로부터 말단간 처리량의 최대치를 계산할 수 있다. 본 논문에서 제시된 모델을 사용하여 동시에 전송되는 다수의 트래픽 흐름을 전달하기 위한 전송 경로에 대한 후보 경로를 얻어낼 수 있으며, 얻어진 경로로부터 처리량을 최대로 높일 수 있는 효율적인 경로를 찾아낼 수 있다. 제시된 모델링 기법과 최적 경로 선택 메커니즘은 무선 메쉬 네트워크에서의 다양한 트래픽 흐름을 사용한 시뮬레이션을 통해 평가하였다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.478-485
• /
• 2017

Urban DC railways have played an important role in urban transportation, and railway operation and energy management have been emphasized to be important to achieve maximum efficiency from existing infrastructure. Fast, accurate DC railway power flow analysis is required to operate a DC railway efficiently, and this paper proposes a novel methodology to analyze the DC railway power network by implementing the participation factor (PF). The PF concept consists of a correlation between the vehicle and the substation, as explained using zones based on the position of the vehicles running on the route. Then, the DC railway powerflow is calculated using the PF concept. Finally, the usability of the proposed method was validated via case studies with actual railway operation data, and we discuss some of the advantages of the suggested methodology.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 전력전자학회 2001년도 Proceedings ICPE 01 2001 International Conference on Power Electronics
• /
• pp.756-760
• /
• 2001

Two different designs of permanent magnet motors as direct wheel-set drive for the German high speed train ICE 3 are designed, one with surface mounted magnets (SM) and one with buried rotor magnets (BM). The surface magnet motor has $17\%$ less mass and a slightly higher efficiency and was therefore chosen for further investigations. Compared with the conventional drive system of the ICE 3, consisting of geared inverter fed induction machines, the gearless permanent magnet direct drive yields about $16\%$ lower losses. This calculation is based on the route parameters of the high speed track between Frankfurt/Main and Cologne in Germany, which is currently under construction.