• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.205-212
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• 2009

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain texture is an important determinant of milling properties and end product use. Two linked genes, puroindoline a (PINA) and puroindoline b (PINB), control most of the genetic variation in wheat grain texture. Wheat seed proteins were examined to identify PINA and PINB gene using two pre-harvest sprouting wheat cultivars; Jinpum (resistant) and Keumgang (susceptible).Wheat seed proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis with IEF gels over pH ranges: pH 3-10. A total of 73 spots were digested with trypsin resulting peptide fragmentation were analyzed by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS). Mass spectra were automatically processed and searched through NCBInr, SWISS-PORT and MSDB database with mono isotopic masses and complete gene sequence were found by UniProt database. Puroindoline a and puroindoline b that is responsible for grain texture related with baking performance and roughness. Two spots were found Pin b (16.7 kDa) and Pin a (16.3 kDa) in Jinpum compare to seven spots were identified Pin a (16.1 kDa, 16.3 kDa) and Pin b (16.7 kDa, 9.5 kDa and 14.4 kDa) in Keumgang. Some selected spots were identified puroindoline like grain softness protein (16.9 kDa, 17 kDa and 18.1 kDa) in Keumgang. Moreover, to gain a better inferring the identification of puroindoline related proteins using proteomics, we accomplished a complete gene sequence of PINA and PINB gene in pre-harvesting sprouting wheat seeds between resistant (Jinpum) and susceptible (Keumgang).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.19-26
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• 2021

In fine-particle injection processing, hard fine particles, such as silicon carbide or aluminum oxide, are injected - using high-pressure air, and a small amount of material is removed by applying an impact to the workpiece by spraying at high speeds. In this study, a two-axis stage device capable of sequence control was developed to spray various shapes, such as circles and squares, on the surface during the micro-particle jetting process to understand the surface-shape micro-particle-processing characteristics. In the experimental device, two stepper motors were used for the linear movement of the two degree-of-freedom mechanism. The signal output from the microcontroller is - converted into a signal with a current sufficient to drive the stepper motor. The stepper motor rotates precisely in synchronization with the pulse-signal input from the outside, eliminating the need for a separate rotation-angle sensor. The major factors of the processing conditions are fine particles (silicon carbide, aluminum oxide), injection pressure, nozzle diameter, feed rate, and number of injection cycles. They were identified using the ANOVA technique on the design of the experimental method. Based on this, the surface roughness of the spraying surface, surface depth of the spraying surface, and radius of the corner of the spraying surface were measured, and depending on the characteristics, the required spraying conditions were studied.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.30-36
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• 2018

Automotive fuel efficiency regulations and air pollution control are hot issues of recent years in the automotive industry. To solve these regulation problems, many studies are continuing to improve the transmission efficiency of transmissions. Tapered roller bearings are useful to improve the transmission efficiency in the recent automobile parts. The frictional losses in the tapered roller bearings are mainly composed of the rolling friction and the sliding friction, and are dependent upon the load, the lubrication, the rotation speed of bearings, and etc. In this paper, the operating conditions of the transmission are defined and then the power losses of each bearing are calculated. In addition, improvement options are suggested after identifying the design factors influenced much by the improvement effect of power loss under the operating conditions of each bearing. We compare the power losses of the entire transmission system due to bearing improvements by comparing the friction losses between the original design and the improved design. Lastly, it is shown that the calculated power losses are valid by comparing the test values and the theoretical values for the frictional torque characteristics of the original and improved bearings.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.120-126
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• 2019

Recently, there is an increasing need for highly precise processing with the rapid development of precision machinery, electrical and electronics, and semiconductor industries. Cutting machine control relies on the operator's sense and experience in tradition, but it has been greatly enhanced by the adoption of CNC(Computerized Numeric Controller). In addition, cutting dynamics technology has been paid attention to reflect the operating state of machine in real time. This paper presents a method to detect and stabilize tool vibration by attaching an acoustic sensor to a CNC machine. The sensed acoustic data is synchronized with the tool position and the abnormal vibration frequency is separated from the collected acoustic frequency, then analyzed to detect the tool vibration. Also the reliability the tool vibration detection and stabilization is improved by applying the cutting dynamic method. The proposed method is analyzed and evaluated in terms of the surface roughness.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.102-114
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• 2021

Biofouling represents an important problem in the shipping industry since it causes the increase in surface roughness. The most of ships in the current world fleet do not have good coating condition which represents an important problem due to strict rules regarding ship energy efficiency. Therefore, the importance of the control and management of the hull and propeller fouling is highlighted by the International Maritime Organization and the maintenance schedule optimization became valuable energy saving measure. For adequate implementation of this measure, the accurate prediction of the effects of biofouling on the hydrodynamic characteristics is required. Although computational fluid dynamics approach, based on the modified wall function approach, has imposed itself as one of the most promising tools for this prediction, it requires significant computational time. However, during the maintenance schedule optimization, it is important to rapidly predict the effect of biofouling on the ship hydrodynamic performance. In this paper, the effect of biofilm on the ship hydrodynamic performance is studied using the proposed performance prediction method for three merchant ships. The applicability of this method in the assessment of the effect of biofilm on the ship hydrodynamic performance is demonstrated by comparison of the obtained results using the proposed performance prediction method and computational fluid dynamics approach. The comparison has shown that the highest relative deviation is lower than 4.2% for all propulsion characteristics, lower than 1.5% for propeller rotation rate and lower than 5.2% for delivered power. Thus, a practical tool for the estimation of the effect of biofouling with lower fouling severity on the ship hydrodynamic performance is developed.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2022

Objectives : Green gram (mung bean) has a cold nature and has been known to detoxify against various side effects that belong to hot in nature. In particular, since it has the effect of detoxifying fever and detoxification to treat swelling, it was also used externally to treat febrile dermatological diseases such as erysipelas and rubella. This study was designed to determine whether green gram exhibits anti-inflammatory effects on contact dermatitis in mice. Methods : We investigated the effects of green gram extract (70% ethanol extract) on skin lesion, skin thickness and weights, melanin and erythema index and spleen body weight ratio in mice with contact dermatitis induced by repeated application of 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Results : Topical application of green gram extract ameliorates skin lesions of contact dermatitis such as scale and roughness induces by 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. green gram extract also suppressed enlargement of skin thicknesses and weights significantly. In addition, green gram extract treatment also lowered erythema index significantly compared to those in the control group. In the histopathological observation, green gram extract prevented epidermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis in inflamed tissues. Finally, green gram extract did not affect changes in body weights and the spleen body weight ratio, unlike dexamethasone, which significantly prevented body weight gain and lowered the spleen body weight ratio. Conclusions : These results imply that green gram, which is known to have a detoxifying effect in Korean medicine, can be used in the treatment of contact dermatitis.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.491-496
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• 2023

As the demand for p-type semiconductors increases, much effort is being put into developing new p-type materials. This demand has led to the development of novel new p-type semiconductors that go beyond existing p-type semiconductors. Copper iodide (CuI) has recently received much attention due to its wide band gap, excellent optical and electrical properties, and low temperature synthesis. However, there are limits to its use as a semiconductor material for thin film transistor devices due to the uncontrolled generation of copper vacancies and excessive hole doping. In this work, p-type CuI semiconductors were fabricated using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process for thin-film transistor (TFT) applications. The vacuum process has advantages over conventional solution processes, including conformal coating, large area uniformity, easy thickness control and so on. CuI thin films were fabricated at various deposition temperatures from 150 to 250 ℃ The surface roughness root mean square (RMS) value, which is related to carrier transport, decreases with increasing deposition temperature. Hall effect measurements showed that all fabricated CuI films had p-type behavior and that the Hall mobility decreased with increasing deposition temperature. The CuI TFTs showed no clear on/off because of the high concentration of carriers. By adopting a Zn capping layer, carrier concentrations decreased, leading to clear on and off behavior. Finally, stability tests of the PBS and NBS showed a threshold voltage shift within ±1 V.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.214-222
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• 2008

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the experimental brush wear pattern of a light cured surface sealant, Biscover (Bisco, Schaumburg, IL), and to evaluate its cariostatic effect. Methods: Caries-free human premolars were used for the Biscover coating group (n = 90) and the control group (n = 10). The Biscover coating group was randomly assigned to nine subgroups of 10 each and the control group was assigned to two subgroups of 5 each according to the number of brushing strokes. An experimental 3-body wear test was conducted under different strokes of wear test. Tooth-brushing was accomplished with movement of each brush head set at a frequency of 100 rpm under a force of 1.5N, Surface roughness was tested before, and after Biscover coating, and after brushing. Then, each of the 10 teeth of both groups were placed in artificial caries inducing solution for 7 days. All tooth surfaces were assessed using scanning electron microscopy. Results: Biscover coated surfaces showed a smoother texture than enamel surfaces. The roughness was increased after experimental brushing and after 10,800 brushing strokes, the whole layer of Biscover wore out. However, teeth in the Biscover coating group had a cariostatic effect in cariogenic conditions. Conclusions: We suggest that white lesions in orthodontic patients can be suppressed by topical applications of Biscover.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the titanium implant soaked in saline after RBM surface treatment on the initial osseointegration by comparing the removal torque and the surface analysis compared to the titanium implant with only RBM surface treatment. Materials and methods: The control group was RBM surface treated implants (RBM), and the test group was implants soaked in saline for 2 weeks after RBM surface treatment (RBM+Sal). The control and test group implants were placed in the left and right tibiae of 10 rabbits, respectively, and at the same time, the insertion torque (ITQ) was measured. After 10 days, the removal torque (RTQ) was measured by exposing the implant site. FE-SEM, EDS, Surface roughness and Raman spectroscopy were performed for the surface analysis of the new implant specimens used in the experiments. Results: There was no significant difference in insertion torque and removal torque between RBM surface treated titanium implants and saline-soaked titanium implants after RBM surface treatment. Conclusion: Saline soaking after RBM surface treatment of titanium implants did not positively affect the initial osseointegration as compared to titanium implants with only RBM surface treatment.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.307-330
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• 1992

The aim of this study was to investigate the physical properties of visible light curing Glass Ionomer cement for restorative esthetic filling. The control group was the autopolymerizing GC Fuji II Glass Ionomer cement (2.2: 1 P/L ratio) and the experimental groups were made by following procedure. To induce the polymerization by visible light, the powder of GC Fuji II GI cement and the liquid of Vitrabond for base & liner were mixed in an amalgam capsule with 2.5:1, 3.0:1, 3.5:1 P/L ratio (% wt/wt). After fabrication of specimens, compressive strength, fracture toughness ($K_{IC}$) Scanning Electron Microscope and X-ray Diffraction, water-leachable content, marginal leakage and surface roughness were studied. The results were as follows: 1. Only experimental No. 1 group (visible light curing) showed less compressive strength than control group 1 hour after curing. Strength was increased with aging in all groups, so the compressive strength of light curing groups was no less than that of autopolymerizing group after 3 weeks. 2. Experimental No.3 group (visible light curing) was inferior to No.2 group (visible light curing) in fracture resistance but light curing groups were more resistant to fracture than autopolymerizing group and showed ductile fracture pattern as compared with the brittle fracture pattern of autopolymerizing group. 3. From scanning electron microscopic image, various sized unreacted powder particles, surrounded by silica gel, were embedded in polysalt matrix. Light curing groups showed little crack and more dense unreacted particles than autopolymerizing group. 4. From X-ray diffraction analysis, GC Fuji II Glass Ionomer cement powder and all groups showed glassy appearance but light curing groups seemed to be more intensive in crystaline than autopolymerizing group. S. The most significant dissolution was shown in early setting period in all group. Light curing groups were dissolved less than autopolymerizing group. 6. Marginal leakage was not different significantly in case of cavity margin composed of same tooth structure (ex. only enamel margin, only dentin margin) but much more leakage was shown in dentin/cementum margin than enamel margin. In only case of only enamel margin, light curing groups were superior to autopolymerizing group. 7. All groups showed relatively smooth surface, which irregularity was less than $1{\mu}m$. Light curing groups were smoother than autopolymerizing group.