• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2013

For organic farming, green manure crops such as leguminous forages and barley have been broadly used to improve soil fertility and soil physical and chemical properties by repeatedly cutting and mulching them directly as winter crop in the field in the rotation. In this investigation we selected 78 agricultural farm corporations as well as individual organic farmhouses related to crop rotation from greenmanure crops to main crops in order to analyze the relationship of cropping system between main crops and green manure crops. The results showed that the green manure crops were divided into two groups as leguminous and nonleguminous crops, representing that those are limited to specific climate and farming systems of regions. Also the 10 or less green manure crops including sudangrass, hairyvetch, italian ryegrass, sorghun, buckwheat, oat, pea, rye, clover, and canola which belong to leguminous crops which are presently cultivated from the organic farmhouses within the rotational crop system. We also confirmed that the major main crops are sweet potato, soybean, corn, tobacco, spinach from usage frequency analyzed by NetMiner H 2.6 which was used to estimate the rotational cropping system among the green manure crops and main crops.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.25-37
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• 2024

As the agricultural land use shifts from paddy to upland, ensuring reservoir water supply stability for upland crop irrigation becomes essential. The objectives of this study were to estimate the irrigation water requirements considering the upland irrigation scenario and to evaluate the reliability of the water supply from the agricultural reservoir using resilience indexes. Two study sites, Sinheung and Hwajeong, were selected, and soybean and red peppers, the most water-intensive crops, were selected as study crops, respectively. For the irrigation scenario, two irrigation methods of traditional scheduling (which irrigates all sites at once) and rotational scheduling (which distributes irrigation by districts), along with the upland conversion rate, were considered. The net irrigation requirement was estimated through a water balance analysis. The stability of the reservoir was evaluated using resilience indexes based on the simulated 10-years reservoir water levels and drought criterion. Overall, the water supply of the reservoir was evaluated as stable during the simulated 10 years, except for the one year. Compared to the two irrigation methods, rotational scheduling resulted in lower irrigation water usage in both sites, with reductions of 1.6%, and 0.3%, respectively. As the upland conversion rate increases, the water deficit could be intensified in Hwajeong with a conversion rate exceeding 50%, showing the number of deficit(ND) over the one and a rapid increase in the deficit ratio(DR). It was confirmed that the reservoir operation criteria can be enhanced by incorporating resilience indicators along with crop growth information, thus, this will be a further study.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.335-341
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• 2012

Purpose: While an unmanned helicopter has been extensively used for spraying chemicals on agricultural crops, its low utilization (two months per year from July to August) has recently become an issue. This study aimed to increase the utilization of the unmanned helicopter. The centrifugal rice seeder, a mounting device for rice seeding for unmanned helicopter was developed and assessed its performance. Methods: The concept of the centrifugal spraying device was to obtain design criteria for centrifugal distribution. Four types of blade shapes namely straight, curved, straight wing and curved wing were developed and used. The rotational speed of the blades was tested at 1,000, 1,200 and 1,400 rpm. Results: The blade shapes, rotational blade speed and angle of trajectory were theoretically analyzed and results were validated with a series of laboratory experiments. Conclusions: The curved wing blades provided the distribution uniformity (DU) at 1,200rpm of rotational speed and 60 degree of seed drop point. The spray uniformity of 4.2% was also achieved.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.335-344
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: Cyantraniliprole is a systemic diamide insecticide that has been used to control lepidopteran pests in agriculture. Cyantraniliprole has become an issue due to its potentiality of unexpectable contamination in rotational crop cultivation. Thus, studies on the evaluation of cyantraniliprole translocated from soil into rotational crops are required. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cyantraniliprole was treated at a yearly maximum application level onto bare soil under greenhouse conditions in two geographically different regions. Lettuce was transplanted and spinach and radish were sown onto the soil 30 and 60 days-plant back intervals (PBIs) after cyantraniliprole treatment. The QuEChERS method was modified and coupled with LC/MS/MS analysis to determine the residues of cyantraniliprole in soil and plant samples. The methods for sample preparation and instrumental conditions were validated to meet the criteria of Codex guidelines and were successful to determine cyantraniliprole quantitatively and qualitatively in the samples. Cyantraniliprole residues in lettuce samples were 0.01 mg/kg for PBI 60 and 0.02 mg/kg for PBI 30, respectively. The residues in spinach samples were 0.01 mg/kg for PBI 60 and 0.01~0.02 mg/kg for PBI 30, respectively. Less than limit of the quantitation (LOQ) level (0.01 mg/kg) of cyantraniliprole was observed in radish samples. The residues in the plant samples were found as the levels less than maximum residue limit (MRL) for leafy and root vegetables. CONCLUSION(S): This study suggests PBI 30~60 days for rotational cultivation of lettuce, spinach and radish in greenhouse soil treated with cyantraniliprole at a yearly maximum application level.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.127-140
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• 1998

Organic farming excludes any use of the herbicide. The present paper reviews what can be done for effective weed control with existing weed control technology by farmers crop-ping paddy rice, field crops, vegetables, and fruit trees. If condition of the crop-land-al-lows diversified rotational use of the paddy land as paddy and upland field would minimize weed problem. Practising this is limited in acreage due to extremely limited governmental investment to the land for the purpose. Secondly, rotation of crops in the upland field breaking life cycles of various weeds adapted to each crop should reduce the weed problem. This is also limited as only a few crops are making the farmer profitable. In addition climate and tolerance of crops to high and low temperature. Monsoon rains and poor drainage restrict the freedom of choice. For any crop land year-round multiple cropping in denser planting shall lessen the weed problem, this multiple cropping practiced by 1960s has been abandoned due to laborshortage and increased production cost. Deep flooding the rice is impractical at present in Korean. Mulching crop with transparent, black , or combinated polyethylene sheet, hs been in-creasingly used. Progresses in development and use of mulch with allelopathic crop residues. inexpensive paper mulch, allelopathic crop residues, inexpensive paper mulch, allelopathic crop cultivar development, recently developed ex-perimental weeding machinaries, flamers, microbial herbicides, biological control organisms, soil sterilization techniques have been critically reviewed for their adoption into existing in-tegrated weeding system. Unfortunately, information on cost-benifit, and labor-benefit, for the various methods above mentioned are lacking. Urgent need for the research on rational weeding in organic farming, and herbicide low-input farming is emphasized.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.224-232
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• 2017

본 시험은 논으로부터 밭으로 윤환한 2년차인 윤환밭과 연속밭에 수수 남풍찰 등 7품종, 조 삼다찰 등 7품종을 공시하여 윤환밭과 연속밭의 병충해 및 잡초발생 양상, 생육 및 수량특성 차이 구명은 물론 답전윤환에 적합한 품종 선발 및 수수, 조의 체계적인 답전윤환 재배기술을 위한 기초자료를 확립하고자 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 답전윤환 시 주요 병해는 2작물 중 조의 경우 전반적으로 연속밭에 비해 윤환밭에서 발병율이 높았으며, 수수는 연속밭에 비해 윤환밭에서 발병율이 낮았다. 시험품종 중 저항성 품종으로는 수수는 발병율이 20% 미만인 소담찰, 조는 발병율 10% 미만인 삼다찰과 삼다메로 판단된다. 2. 답전윤환 시 주요 충해인 조명나방 유충에 대하여 수수와 조는 연속밭에 비해 윤환밭에서 피해주율이 낮았다. 시험품종 중 저항성 품종으로 수수는 60% 미만인 동안메로 판단된다. 조는 모든 품종에서 입은 피해가 전체 잎 대비 피해율 2% 미만으로 생육 및 수량에 영향을 미치지 않을 것으로 판단된다. 3. 답전윤환 시 잡초 발생 양상은 전반적으로 초종수의 차이는 없으나, 잡초의 개체수는 42% 감소하였고, 총 건물중 또한 40% 감소하였다. 건생잡초의 개체수는 연속밭 대비 윤환밭에서 65% 감소하였고, 습생잡초는 연속밭 대비 윤환밭에서 35% 감소하여 습생잡초보다 건생잡초의 감소폭이 컷다. 건생잡초의 건물중은 연속밭 대비 윤환밭에서 53% 감소하였고, 습생잡초는 연속밭 대비 윤환밭에서 35% 감소하여 습생잡초보다 건생잡초의 감소폭이 컷다. 윤환밭과 연속밭에서 모두 건생잡초인 바랭이가 우점하였다. 4. 답전윤환 시 각 작물별 수량은 수수는 연속밭에 비해 윤환밭에서 90% 증가하였다. 조는 연속밭에 비해 윤환밭에서 감소하였으나, 통계적 차이는 없었다. 윤환밭에서 풋옥수수의 경우 찰옥4호가 789.0 kg/10a, 수수의 경우 동안메가 280.9 kg/10a, 조의 경우 다황메가 263.5 kg/10a로 가장 많았다. 5. 답전윤환에 적합한 품종은 병충해 피해 및 생육 수량을 기준으로 하면 수수에서는 병충해 피해가 비교적 적고, 수량이 많은 황금찰, 동안메, DS202가, 조에서는 삼다찰, 삼다메, 다황메가 적합품종으로 판단된다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.78-78
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• 2022

Food productivity in North Korea is about 50% lower than in South Korea. In order to increase the productivity of major crops, it is necessary to develop early maturing, disease resistance, and high-yielding varieties and apply them early. Since the late 1990s, North Korea has been actively developing potatoes, rice and com as major food crops, and soybeans are considered important as a protein-supplying crop. Domestic cultivated varieties, which are expected to be most adaptable eco-climatologically, are mainly selected from soil with high nutrient soil. It is necessary to test separately for adaptability in low organic soil. So it is very necessary to apply technology to improve soil improvement through rotational crop selection in the middle and long-term. Therefore, this study was conducted to test the adaptability to low organic soils of domestic cultivars and to select varieties. In 2021 there are twenty two (22) varieties of soybeans were grown in low organic soil at the field of Chungbuk National University. This year twenty two (22) varieties of soybeans were also grown in low organic soil at the field of Chungbuk National University. Sowing was done on June 10, the planting distance was 70cm × 15cm, after opening the cotyledons fully, the soybeans were thinned and leaving two plants per hole. In addition, various types of growth characteristics and quantitative components were investigated to evaluate the adaptability to low organic soil of domestic varieties. This study was conducted to investigate the growth characteristics and quantitative components of soybean varieties grown in low organic soil. The flowering period of 22 varieties of soybeans was about 14 days from July 22 to August 4. The flowers of the beans were white, purple, light purple and the pubescence color was gray and brown where most of them were gray. The highest plant height was up to 130.4 cm and lowest was 20.3 cm, highest stem length was up to 119.5 cm and lowest was 15.3 cm. Highest first pod height (FPH) was up to 34.0 cm and lowest was 3.0 cm. Highest stem diameter was up to 15.76mm and lowest was 1.76 mm. Number of main stem nodes was up to 19 and at least 1. Number of branch was up to 10 and at least 0. The number of pod per plant was up to 121. Bacterial pustule has been spread in soybean field.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.404-408
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• 2007

참깨 연작장해 경감 녹비작물을 선발하기 위하여 9월 하순$\sim$10월 중순에 호밀, 헤어리벳치, 귀리 등을 파종 후 이듬해 5월 상순 환원하여 2004년부터 3년간 시험한 결과, 윤작에서 생육 및 수량이 양호하여 단일연작 48.9kg/10a 대비 33% 증수되었으며, 연작 간에는 녹비작물재배 시 양호하여 $10{\sim}15%$ 증수되었고, 녹비작물재배 간에는 호밀재배에서 가장 양호한 경향이었다. 윤작 시 연작에 비하여 병발생, 토양의 시들음병균 밀도가 낮은 경향이었으며, 연작 간에는 녹비작물재배 시 양호한 경향이었다. 녹비작물재배 간에는 호밀과 헤어리벳치재배에서 양호하였고, 공극률은 윤작과 연작의 호밀재배에서 가장 높았다. 연작기간이 경과할수록 시들음병 및 역병 발생이 많았으며, 연작 간에는 호밀재배에서 가장 적게 발생되었고, 수량도 가장 많았다.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2017년도 춘계공동학술대회
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• pp.157-157
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• 2017

To minimize the damage by wild birds and acquire the benefits such as protection against weeds and maintenance of water content in soil, the mulching black color vinyl after seeding should be carried out. Non-contact and non-destructive methods that can continuously determine the locations are necessary. In this study, a crop position detection method was studied that uses infrared thermal image sensor to determine the cotyledon position under vinyl mulch. The moving system for acquiring image arrays has been developed for continuously detecting crop locations under plastic mulching on the field. A sliding mechanical device was developed to move the sensor, which were arranged in the form of a linear array, perpendicular to the array using a micro-controller integrated with a stepping motor. The experiments were conducted while moving 4.00 cm/s speed of the IR sensor by the rotational speed of the stepping motor based on a digital pulse width modulation signal from the micro-controller. The acquired images were calibrated with the spatial image correlation. The collected data were processed using moving averaging on interpolation to determine the frame where the variance was the smallest in resolution units of 1.02 cm. Non-linear integral interpolation was one of method for analyzing the frequency using the normalization image and then arbitrarily increasing the limited data value of $16{\times}4pixels$ in one frame. It was a method to relatively reduce the size of overlapping pixels by arbitrarily increasing the limited data value. The splitted frames into 0.1 units instead of 1 pixel can propose more than 10 times more accurate and original method than the existing correction method. The non-integral calibration method was conducted by applying the subdivision method to the pixels to find the optimal correction resolution based on the first reversed frequency. In order to find a correct resolution, the expected location of the first crop was indicated on near pixel 4 in the inversion frequency. For the most optimized resolution, the pixel was divided by 0.4 pixel instead of one pixel to find out where the lowest frequency exists.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.336-342
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• 1993

1. 개화성기까지의 지상부와 지하부 대부분 생육형질은 전에서 보다 답에서 더 큰값을 보였으나, 근류수는 다에서 현저히 작아 윤환답 콩재배에서는 근류접종이 필요하다고 생각되어 진다. 2. 조파 단작(4월 20일 파종)으로 윤환답에 콩을 재배하면, 만파재배시 양저바이러스(SMV-N)에 저항성을 보였던 대부분 현재의 장려품종들이 심하게 이병되었다. 그러나 경미한 모자이크바이러스(SMV) 이병정도를 보이는 일부 장려품종(장백콩과 은하콩 등)과 대부분의 도입품종들은 양저바이러스에 전연 이병이 되지 않고 대부분 높은 수량성을 보였다. 3. 콩의 토양별 평균 종실수량은 전보다 답에서 높았으나, 동일 토양내의 파종시기 또는 동일 파종기내의 토양간 평균 수종간에는 차이가 없었다. 4. Ha당 4톤 이상의 수량을 보인 품종은 답에서는 Williams79, 남해콩, Union 및 SS77053이었고, 전에서는 Union뿐이었다. 공시품종중 장엽콩과 단엽콩은 답의 모든 파종기에서 종실수량이 ha당 3톤 이상이고 변이계수가 10% 이하로 안정 다수이었다. 5. 답전윤환답의 조파에서 다수성인 품종들은 황금콩에 비하여 경장이 크고 주경전수가 많으며 분지수가 SS77053을 제외하고는 적은 일반적으로 초기발아 및 입묘에 유리한 중소입종들로 내병성, 특히 양저 바이러스에 저항성이 높은것들이었다.