• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.277-284
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• 2012

In the present study, the effects of plant growth regulators on adventitious shoot and root formation of various explants of $in$ $vitro$ seedlings of $Solanum$ $nigrum$ L. were investigated to determine the optimum conditions for the high-efficiency plant regeneration of this species. The formation of adventitious shoots was higher in leaf explants than in cotyledon, hypocotyl, or epicotyl explants at low concentrations (0.5~2.0 mg $L^{-1}$ ) of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The number of adventitious shoots and the shoot length were also higher in both leaf and cotyledon explants. In particular, 2.0 mg $L^{-1}$ BAP was most effective for stimulating the induction and multiplication of adventitious shoots. In terms of root formation and root development from shoots that were separated from multiple shoots, indole butyric acid (IBA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) were more effective than ${\alpha}$-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The percentage of rooting as well as the number of roots per shoot (4.0), root length (7.82 cm), and shoot length (8.76 cm) was highest on MS media supplemented with 0.05 mg $L^{-1}$ IAA. Furthermore, 100% of the regenerated plantlets survived when transplanted to compost soil. These results suggest that leaf explants are the best source for the high-efficiency regeneration of $S.$ $nigrum$ L., and that 2.0 mg $L^{-1}$ BAP and 0.05 mg $L^{-1}$ IAA are the best conditions for shoot and root induction, respectively.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.213-220
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• 2015

Background: Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is a perennial herb prone to various root diseases, with Phytophthora cactorum being considered one of the most dreaded pathogens. P. cactorum causes foliar blight and root rot. Although chemical pesticides are available for disease control, attention has been shifted to viable, eco-friendly, and cost-effective biological means such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for control of diseases. Methods: Native Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain HK34 was isolated from wild ginseng and assessed as a biological control agent for ginseng. Leaves from plants treated with HK34 were analyzed for induced systemic resistance (ISR) against P. cactorum in square plate assay. Treated plants were verified for differential expression of defense-related marker genes using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: A total of 78 native rhizosphere bacilli from wild P. ginseng were isolated. One of the root-associated bacteria identified as B. amyloliquefaciens strain HK34 effectively induced resistance against P. cactorum when applied as soil drench once (99.1% disease control) and as a priming treatment two times in the early stages (83.9% disease control). A similar result was observed in the leaf samples of plants under field conditions, where the percentage of disease control was 85.6%. Significant upregulation of the genes PgPR10, PgPR5, and PgCAT in the leaves of plants treated with HK34 was observed against P. cactorum compared with untreated controls and only pathogen-treated plants. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate HK34 as a potential biocontrol agent eliciting ISR in ginseng against P. cactorum.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.319-326
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• 1994

For the gene tagging of Armoracia rusticana, maize controlling element Ac and Ds were introduced into A.rusticana via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. We established an efficient in via regeneration and transformation system for gene transfer in A. rusticana. The optimum in via regeneration condition has been obtained from leaf, petiole and root organs on modified MS medium supplemented with NAA 0.1 mg/L plus BA 1.0 mg/L for direct shooting and with free growth regulators for root induction for transformation, the leaf, petiole and root explants of A. rusticana were concultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens, LBA4404 which carries a binary vector pEND4K containing maize controlling element Ac or Ds, respectively: Selections were performed in the shoot induction medium supplemented with 100 mg/L kanamycin, and 500 mg/L carbenicillin transformation frequency showed about 8 to 10% in case of leaf disks. PCR md Southern blot analyses showed that the Ac and the Ds elements were integrated into the chromosome of donor plants.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.289-295
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the potential of polyphenols and polyphenol oxidase activity on the induction of rusty symptom development in ginseng root. When rusty inducing bacteria were inoculated on fresh ginseng root, the hue value of the inoculated root increased from 101.2 (white yellow) at 1 day after innoculation to 60.9 (brownish red) at 30 days after innoculation. Lysobacter gummosus, Pseudomonas veronii and Agrobacterium tumefaciens enhanced the accumulation of total phenolics. Along with the increase of total phenolics, total activity of polyphenol oxidase concomitantly increased but the specific activity of the enzyme was not.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.281-286
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• 2001

The treatment method of impacted tooth is various from simple observation to surgical exposure and orthodontic methods, autotransplantation is concerned to severe malposed impacted tooth. Autotransplantation is the transplantation of embedded, impacted, of unerupted tooth, into extraction socket of surgically prepared in the same individual. Autotransplantation of tooth with $\frac{1}{2}{\sim}\frac{3}{4}$ root development provides a good chance of easily extracted, a little complication, pulp survival, and complete root formation. Transplantation of uncompleted root apex tooth is aim to pulpal healing, not endodontic treatment. The case which were treated with autotransplantation is reported, and induced normal physiologic eruption and good dental alignment.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.272-279
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• 2011

Root colonization of Arabidopsis thaliana with Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 induces systemic tolerance against diverse pathogens, as well as drought and salt stresses. In this study, we demonstrated that 11 genes in the leaves were up-regulated, and 5 genes were down-regulated as the result of three- to five-days root colonization by P. chlororaphis O6. The identified priming genes were involved in cell signaling, transcription, protein synthesis, and degradation. In addition, expression of selected priming genes were induced in P. chlororaphis O6-colonized plants subjected to water withholding. Genes encoding defense proteins in signaling pathways regulated by jasmonic acid and ethylene, such as VSP1 and PDF1.2, were additional genes with enhanced expression in the P. chlororaphis O6-colonized plants. This study indicated that the expression of priming genes, as well as genes involved in jasmonic acid- and ethylene-regulated genes may play an important role in the systemic induction of both abiotic and biotic stress due to root colonization by P. chlororaphis O6.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.225-228
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• 2006

To acquire the normal regeneration of plantlets, we investigated combinations and concentrations of plant growth regulations for optimal conditions of adventitious root formation. Based on the previous study, we performed callus and shoot induction. When induced shoot was transferred into a rooting medium containing plant hormones, it wilted and died. Thus, the shoot proliferated on 1/2 MS medium for 10 days and was then treated with MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/L NAA for 3 days. Adventitious root formations were observed after shoot planlets were transferred to 1/3 MS medium. The concentrations of salt and sucrose were gradually reduced in MS medium and the rooted plantlets were transferred for acclimatization into a mixture of peatmoos : perlite (3 : 2).

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2003

Effects of cutting time and scions section on shooting and plantlets growth characteristics were investigated to increase plantlets products by root cuttings in lacquer tree. Shoot induction from scion section was developed lately as it planted in earlier season. However, shooting rates were over 84% or more in cut planting on 15, 25 March and 5 April than sinee 15 April. Shoots were developed evenly as late cut planting. Generally, plant height, branch number, leaf number, stem diameter, and leaf area per plantlets was excellent in cut planting on 25 March and 5 April. Shooting rate from the root scion varied greatly by root sectionings. The rate of the 10 cm-long-scion was reached 84％, whereas only 54％ in no trimmed root scion after 10 weeks of cutting. Regenerated plantlets from root scion without cut were slightly good in shape, but their height, number of branch per plantlets, and stem diameter were not significant.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8113-8117
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• 2016

Glehnia littoralis (GL) is widely used as an oriental medicine for cough, fever, stroke and other disease conditions. However, the anti-cancer properties of GL on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells have not been investigated. In order to elucidate anti-cancer properties and underlying cell death mechanisms, MCF-7cells ($5{\times}10^4/well$) were treated with Glehnia littoralis root extract at 0-400 ug/ml. A hot water extract of GL root inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Analysis of the cell cycle after treatment of MCF-7 cells with increasing concentrations of GL root extract for 24 hours showed significant cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis both revealed that GL root extract significantly increased the expression of p21 and p27 with an accompanying decrease in both CDK4 and cyclin D1. Our reuslts indicated that GL root extract arrested the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in G1 phase through inhibition of CDK4 and cyclin D1 via increased induction of p21 and p27. In summary, the current study showed that GL could serve as a potential source of chemotherapeutic or chemopreventative agents against human breast cancer.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.668-678
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• 1995

In order to evaluate the therapeutic effect of argon laser irradiation on hypersensitive root, 60 mandibular premolars that had been extracted due to periodontal disease were treated by thorough scaling, root planing and root conditioning with tetracycline HCI(100mg/ml, 5 min.) for induction of hypersensitive root. Within middle one third of root mesial surface(30) or distal surface(30) was randomly irradiated by 0.5W-, 0.75W- and 1.0W-power for 2 minutes argon laser(HGM Inc., USA) with or without topical application of 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel(Pascal, USA). After all teeth were maintained in 2% methylene blue solution for 48 hours and cross-sectioned through irradiated surface of dried roots, methylene blue stained area was compared between irradiated side and nonirradiated side. Following results were obtained : 1. Methylene blue stained area was significantly less in the laser irradiated group than control group(p<0.05). 2. There was no significant difference in methylene blue stained area between 0.5W-power and 0.75W-power group(p>0.1) and between 0.75W-power and 1.0W-power group(p>0.1), but there was significant difference between 0.5W-power and 1.0W-power group(p<0.05). 3. There was no significant difference in methylene blue stained area between two groups with and without topical application of 0.12% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel(p>0.1). The results suggest that argon laser irradiation on hypersensitive root may reduce the hypersensitivity by obstruction of dentinal tubules.