• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.93-103
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• 2018

In the past, the rooftop was a place where a water tank was to be installed, and a space of secretion and concealment such as a warehouse exposed in the air. It was because it was judged to hinder the beauty of a city as a whole without having any functional value per se. However, the roof portion is increasingly being utilized for a space such as a cafe, a pub, and a lounge as the rooftop is highly recognized as a place for leisure activities other than an idle space in modern times. Nonetheless, there are no detailed ordinances and criteria corresponding to such circumstances. For example, in case of the rooftop space, the building code applied to the rooftop space is a legal system when the rooftop was an idle space in the past though people have now accessed more increasingly to the rooftop than in the past. This study investigated the definition on the rooftop space evolved in accordance with the change of the rooftop space and the related legal system in Korea, and conducted a survey for the purpose of performing the field investigation for the analysis of physical status in 117 spaces that form the rooftop space in the rooftop of small-scale commercial facilities with 2 stories through 4 stories in Korea and analyze the recognition of users and analyzing the recognition of users. We analyzed the problems in the rooftop space through analysis of derived data, and suggested improvement plans.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.23-31
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• 2005

Green spaces in cities were insufficient and decreased as artificial structures increase. Accordingly, greening rooftop space contributed to urban ecosystems as green space. Especially, since 2002 Seoul supported rooftop greening and introduced 'Ecology-area rates'. Thus rooftop greening had the potentiality of extension. This prepared the extensive rooftop greenings within planting-base for extensive management rooftop greening system to be easily popularized. The extensive rooftop greening conducted from 1997-2005 reported that soil depth was 8cm and soil mixtures were 5 types. And plant were Crysanthemum zawaskii var. latilobum, Aster hayatae, Crysanthemum zawaskii herb. ssp. coreanum, Sedum sarmentosum, Sedum rotundifolium, Sedum oryzifolium, Sedum takemensis, Sedum middendorffianum, Sedum telerium var. purpureum, Sedum spectabile, Carypteris incana, Dianthus superbus, Hosta minor. As a result, for nine years after the modular type rooftop greening established, survival plants were Sedum takemensis, Sedum sarmentosum, Sedum spectabile, Sedum middendorffianum, Carypteris incana, Crysanthemum zawaskii var. latilobum, Sedum telerium var. purpureum, Sedum rotundifolium, Dianthus superbus. Also effect of greening was possibled soil depth 8cm. And growth of plants from 1997 to 2005 were fine on two soil mixtures of 'perlite+peatmoss+vermicompost+moisturizer' and 'perlite+moisturizer+bark(mulching)'. Invasive plants are Ixeris dentata Nakai, Ixeris chinensis var. strigosa, Youngia sonchifolia, Eragrostis ferruginea, Aster pilosus Willd., Ixeris japonica Nakai, Valpia myuros, and Setaria viridis. In conclusion, selection of suitable native plants was possible extensive management rooftop greening with effect of continuous greening. The extensive rooftop greening were lightweight and simple preparation without management and can popularize readily.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.32-43
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• 2004

Targeting a rooftop biotope created in urban area, this study aims at verifying a creation technique reflecting an urban biosphere reserve concept as well as its function as the habitats of various wild animals. To this end, a set of processes of a biosphere reserve-based basic conception and master plan, sectoral plans, construction and monitoring were applied to the rooftop of 12-story UNESCO Building in Seoul. In particular, the rooftop habitats were divided into core area, buffer zone and transition area, and habitats and facilities suitable to the characteristics of each space were planned. By aligning a plantation planning map with environmental conditions such as topography and water, creation of diverse habitats was enabled. As a result, a set of various habitats including wetlands, wild grassland, shrubs, forest trees and vegetable fields was created at the site. Species living in these habitats included 148 plant species, 62 insect species, 2 amphibian species, 3 fishery species and 3 bird species. The rooftop eco-park of UNESCO Building, which was created one year ago, is assessed as an important space for conservation of biodiversity as well as a place where a biosphere reserve concept was well applied. Meanwhile, for this rooftop biotope to be a pioneer of urban biosphere reserve-based types, a number of principles & methodologies suggested in this study need to be applied, In a perspective of landscape ecology, maintenance efforts should be linked with green areas in neighboring areas, which are the sources of species, In addition, considering that the rooftop biotope is a restored ecosystem, theories and approaches from restoration ecology should be applied. On-going monitoring on environmental changes is also required as the site is located in the urban center, Ultimately, rooftop biotopes including the case study area should contribute in promoting the socio-economic, cultural, and spiritual sustainability as well as environmental sustainability of a city.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to create an artificial wetland in rooftop greening. We monitored species and changes of flora in wetland and rooftop greening. As shown the consideration and possibility of supplying the artificial wetland in rooftop greening through flora in wetland, this study tried to find methods to create a efficient flora space. This results are listed as belows. The species were applied to artificial wetland in rooftop greening and come up to 'General standard for selecting plants' among hydrophyte in wetlands. The plants of Potentilla kleiniana, Penthorum chinense, Scirpus radicans, Scirpus triqueter, Veronica undulata, Mentha arvensis var. piperascens, Salvia plebeian, Sagittaria aginashi, Aneilema keisak, Stachys riederi, Alisma canaliculatum, Eclipta prostrata, Sparganium stoloniferum turned out an appropriate species. This research was expected to create a various environment and component of species by introducing many types of plants in ecological wetland on rooftop greening.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.45-58
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• 2005

The objective of this study is to the integrated evaluation of the present condition and satisfaction of visitors of rooftop greening area using quantitative and qualitative method. The thirteen green roofs were selected to investigate environmental variables as like building structure, soil, water, atmosphere and climate environment and questionnaire survey for investigate the satisfaction of visitors was conducted. The results of this study are as follows : remove of the hazardous inflow of species, install rain water recycling facility, install outdoor unit of air condition where not to affect plants in green roof, install safety facilities in the case of making resting place, plant variable vegetation and so on. The result of questionnaire survey are that visitors want to make more comfortable resting space. The more bigger the resting space and privacy, the more satisfaction of visitor became high. In conclusion, green roofs implementation should be considered reduction of temperature and delay of runoff, insulation effect and ecological restoration as well as rooftop greening is focused on the development of resting space nowadays.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.38-51
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• 2000

This study seeks to present creation techniques increasing biodiversity while excluding techniques that avoid rooftop as a place for revegetation or techniques that are standardized and ecologically undesirable. To this end, a theoretical study was conducted including the identification of issues that need to be considered in introducing biotope creation techniques at a rooftop space using eco-pond or eco-park creation techniques. Based on the result, a creation process and techniques were presented for the rooftop of Kyungdong Energy Company building located in Bundang, Sungnam city. The conclusions reached in this study are as follows. First, when structural problems such as load or leakage are resolved and when it is planned as a habitat within a range of carrying load, a rooftop may be habitats for various organisms. Second, same creation techniques for eco-ponds or eco-parks may be applied to create biotope in a rooftop. In fact, the introduction of a wetland ecosystem on a rooftop may contribute significantly in increasing biodiversity. In addition, it would be desirable to approach traditional rooftop revegetation methods in an ecological aspect and to introduce indigenous plants and to offer habitats to insects and birds. Third, in order to create rooftop biotope, there should be enough studies and experiments on resolving structural problems and on techniques or technologies to create habitats. Since the Kyongdong Energy Company rooftop biotope described in this study is the first experimental site in Korea, it requires a series of process to identify problems and to improve them by monitoring the site in the future. Through such studies and experiments, efficient rooftop biotope creation techniques should be developed and disseminated.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.36-39
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• 2012

Roof gardens/Rooftop farm are most often found in urban environments. Plants have the ability to reduce the overall heat absorption of the building which then reduces energy consumption. Plant surfaces however, as a result of transpiration do not rise more than $4-5^{\circ}C$ above the ambient and are sometimes cooler. As Urban agriculture in an accessible rooftop farm, space becomes available for localized small-scale urban agriculture, a source of local food production. An urban garden can supplement the diets of the community it feeds with fresh produce and provide a tangible tie to food production.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2010

The objective of the research is to analyze changing trend of water discharge in precipitation, according to changing land use, through an environment-friendly urban development method called LID. The study chose S1 basin (Separated Sewer districts) in Cheongju region for survey. Among LID methods, relatively more applicable methods of green rooftop space and parking lot with permeable material were selected to construct plausible scenarios. Curve Number (CN) value was calculated due to land use patterns in each scenario, and SWMM model simulation were conducted during 2008 for comparative analysis. For Case 1, only parking lot with permeable material was applied to the scenario. Green rooftop space I and II were applied to Case 2 and 3 respectively. For Case 4 and 5, green rooftop space I and II were applied, in addition to parking lot with permeable material, Calculation of CN value showed that for S1 basin, the value was 88.1 (prior to scenario application), 86.5 (Case 1), 81.9 (Case 2), 68.5 (Case 3), 80.4 (Case 4) and 67.2 (Case 5). Changing pattern of rain water discharge was analyzed for each scenario. For Case 1, the change was not remarkable before and after application of scenario. In Case 2 and 4, the impact of rain water discharge as source of pollutant fell to 20~30%. The rate dropped to 30~50% in Case 3 and 5 respectively. The result demonstrates that the amount of rain water discharge, amount and frequency of sewer overflow, frequency of rain water discharge, and pollution load decreased in accordance with declining CN value in each scenario. In installing green rooftop space, the effect was twice greater when rain water discharge was directly infiltrated into soil.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.71-84
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to suggest sustainable management of rooftop greening areas. This research is conducted to analyze birth-and-breeding state of planted plants set in extensive rooftop greening, and to examine occurrence aspect of invasive plants and its changes, some features of invasive plants on which can make a basic material for management program of planted plants as a whole. The experimental site is on the rooftop green area of Seoul Women's University which was constructed in 2007. The using method was monitoring rooftop greening areas and analyzing occurrence aspect of invasive plants and its changes by planted plants. Invasive plants were investigated six times overall in April, June, September, November of 2008, and April & June of 2009. As a result, 26 families and 66 species were found invaded. Of which 14 species of Gramineae were invaded the most remarkably. Through these study, it could be inferred some features of invasive plants and major region for it. After the analysis get done about feature of invasive plants, it shows that some invasive plants of all 66 species in total came out, otherwise occurred in a certain time of season. Within the researches eriod showed a higher incidence was found in Artemisia princeps, Conyza canadensis, Coreopsis anceolata, Equisetum arvense, Erigeron annuus, Oxalis corniculata, invasive plant have a lower incidence of plants were identified as Aster koraiensis, Dendranthema zawadsbum. So, when the plan to set a management device regarding occurrence aspect of invasive plants in accordance with planted plants on extensive rooftop greening, it was found that a sustainable & rational management device is desperately needed there for invasive & planted plants of the target area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to find out the color preference on rural rooftop color. Today, public profit value of a rural community has been heavily recognized in the areas of preservation of pro-environmental and traditional life styles and foundation of collective community. Comparatively with urban, rural town conserves the scenic of those days when the historic landscape existed. Therefore, elements of historic and tradition in rural town are interesting resources to people who want traditional experience. Color is one of the most influenced elements for the image of Landscape. On the other hand, radical modernization has brought conflicting color element that does not blend with existing environmental color. Among others, roof represents one of the important traits of rapidly developing rural community due to vast amount of space it covers. In order to come up with more appropriate coloring scheme, it is necessary determine color that forms a balance with present conditions of rural life and historic landscape. This study provides more objective rooftop coloring selection process by employing additional surveys regarding color image adjective. I justified necessity of the balance between environmental color and roof color through analyzing correlation between environmental color of the rural town and Color Image Scale of the preliminary selection of roofs.