• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.153-158
• /
• 2006

Changes in contents of amino acids, caffeine, trigonelline, chlorogenic acid, and monosaccharides in green coffee beans during roasting were investigated. During roasting, amino acid contents of Arabica and Robusta coffees decreased by 30%, among which cysteine, serine, lysine, and arginine contents markedly decreased, whereas those of glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, and phenylalanine slightly decreased or increased. Caffeine contents of Arabica and Robusta were 1 and 2%, respectively, and remained unchanged during roasting. Trigonellin content of Arabica (0.87%-0.90%) was slightly higher than that of Robusta (0.74%), and 50 to 65% trigonellin degraded when green beans were heavily roasted. Chlorogenic acid levels of Robusta and Arabica were 4.82, and 4.38-4.66%, respectively. About 90% chIorogenic acid degraded with heavy roating. Total monosaccharide contents of Arabica and Robusta were 38.1-38.7 and 37.7%, respectively, and gradually decreased with roasting.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.77-79
• /
• 2003

Seventeen metazoan parasites were recovered from Sebastes crameri collected from Newport fish market. Nine Trochopus australis and 8 Neobrachiella robusta were found on gill arches of canary rockfishes. The commonest sites of metazoan parasites were the posterodorsal region and second gill arches of Sebastes crameri. T. australis were most commonly found on the second gill arches, but in N. robusta. the first gill arches were the most frequented position. No N. robusta were discovered on the fourth gill arch. Metazoan parasites infected gill arches I, II, and posterodorsal regions of S. crameri, occurring less frequently on the gill arches III, IV anteriorventral and middle regions.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.687-693
• /
• 2018

The active development of the global marine trade industries has been known to increase the inflows of marine invasive species and harmful organisms into the ecosystem, and the marine ecological disturbances. One of these invasive species, Ciona robusta, has now spread to the Korea Strait, the East Sea, and Jeju Island in connection with the climate change but not the Yellow Sea in Korea. Currently, the spread and distribution of C. robusta is increasingly damaging aquaculture and related facilities. Therefore, this study aims to identify the spread of C. robusta and potential habitats and to secure a data for the prevention of effective management measures due to climate change as well as damage the reduction in future through the prediction of spread. We used environmental variables in BioOracle. Also, the potential habitat and distribution of C. robusta was predicted using MaxEnt, a species distribution model. Two different RCP scenarios(4.5 and 8.5) were specified to predict the future distributions of C. robusta. The results showed that the biggest environmental factor affecting the distribution of C. robusta was the salinity as well as the highest distribution and potential habitats existent in the East Sea and around Jeju Island.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.332-340
• /
• 2020

Background: The valuable medicinal plant Panax ginseng has high pharmaceutical efficacy because it produces ginsenosides. However, its yields decline because of a root-rot disease caused by Ilyonectria mors-panacis. Because species within Ilyonectria showed variable aggressiveness by altering ginsenoside concentrations in inoculated plants, we investigated how such infections might regulate the biosynthesis of ginsenosides and their related signaling molecules. Methods: Two-year-old ginseng seedlings were treated with I. mors-panacis and I. robusta. Roots from infected and pathogen-free plants were harvested at 4 and 16 days after inoculation. We then examined levels or/and expression of genes of ginsenosides, salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). We also checked the susceptibility of those pathogens to ROS. Results: Ginsenoside biosynthesis was significantly suppressed and increased in response to infection by I. mors-panacis and I. robusta, respectively. Regulation of JA was significantly higher in I. robusta-infected roots, while levels of SA and ROS were significantly higher in I. mors-panacis-infected roots. Catalase activity was significantly higher in I. robusta-infected roots followed in order by mock roots and those infected by I. mors-panacis. Moreover, I. mors-panacis was resistant to ROS compared with I. robusta. Conclusion: Infection by the weakly aggressive I. robusta led to the upregulation of ginsenoside production and biosynthesis, probably because only a low level of ROS was induced. In contrast, the more aggressive I. mors-panacis suppressed ginsenoside biosynthesis, probably because of higher ROS levels and subsequent induction of programmed cell death pathways. Furthermore, I. mors-panacis may have increased its virulence by resisting the cytotoxicity of ROS.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.469-477
• /
• 1995

Drosophila lacertosa and D. sordidula are members of the robusta species group in virilis section of Drosophila. The mtDNA of both species was analyzed, using 10 restriction endonucleases. The mtDNA genome size of D. lacertosa and D. sordidula was 15.7 kbp, altogether, and the numbers of mtDNA fragment were 26 and 32, respectively. Restriction cleavage map of mtDNA in these species was constructed. The patterns of cleavage map were very different between two species and it means that speciation was taken for a long time ago.

• ALGAE
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 2013

Actinotrichia is a calcified galaxauracean red algal genus with temperate and tropical distributions in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Morphological characteristics, along with rbcL and cox1 sequences, were analyzed from specimens collected in the western Pacific and the Indian Oceans. Both rbcL and cox1 data confirmed the occurrence of A. fragilis, A. robusta, and Actinotrichia sp. in this region. The presence of A. fragilis was verified in tropical Indo-Pacific and temperate northeast Asian waters and was characterized by high genetic diversity. Although A. robusta commonly occurs in the East China Sea, we confirmed its presence on rocks and crustose algae in the subtidal zone of three islands in the Andaman Sea. Actinotrichia sp. was similar to A. calcea in morphology and distribution, but with sufficiently different sequences, thus, additional sampling over the range will enable a more realistic evaluation of its taxonomic status.

• Composites Research
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2022

The activated carbon is a very good choice for using as supercapacitor electrode materials. Herein, the flower of Shorea robusta, a bio-waste material was successfully used to synthesize the activated carbons for application as supercapacitor electrode materials. The activated carbon was synthesized through chemical activation process followed by thermal treatment at 700℃ in presence of N₂ atmosphere using KOH, ZnCl₂ and H₃PO₄ as the activating agents. The physicochemical analyses demonstrate that the obtained activated carbons are graphitic in nature and the degree of disorder of the graphitic carbons is changed with the activating agents. The activated carbon obtained from Shorea robusta flower (ACSF-K) electrode shows the specific capacitance of ~610 F g^-1 at 2 A g^-1 current density, which is higher than ACSF-Z (560 F g^-1) and ACSF-H (470 F g^-1) electrode material under the identical current density. The synthesized graphitic carbons also demonstrated good rate capability and high electrochemical stability as supercapacitor electrode.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.309-311
• /
• 2002

A total of ten specimens of darkblotched rockfish, Sebastes crameri obtain-ed from Newport fish market were examined for parasites during February, 2002. Eight out of ten S. crameri were found to be infected with metazoan parasites. They were flatworm Trochopus australis, nematoda Anisakis simplex, and copepods Neobrachiella robusta and Chondracanthus triventricosus. Nine (30.0%) T. australis, seven (30.0%) N. robusta, one (10.0％) C. triventricosus and seven (60.0%) A. simplex were infected. Among them, A. simplex was the most abundant and prevalent metazoan parasites in S. crameri. T. australis and N. robsta were found in gills with moderate intensity (1.7 and 1.9, respectively), and C. triventricosus in dorsal fin with low intensity (0.3).

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 1992

The three yolk polypeptides have been isolated and partially characterized. Their molecular weights of YPI, YP2, and YP3 were 48, 000, 47, 000, and 46, 000, respectivelv, as judged by SDS-polyacrvlamide gel electrophoresis. They have different digestion products upon in situ peptide mapping by limited proteolysis. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that their isoelectric points were heterogeneous from 5.92 to 6.54. And thew showed three different antigen-antibody reactions when each polvpeptides is reacted with antisera made to a mixture of all of three. These data reported here indicate that the yolk proteins are consisted of distinctive polypeptides in Drosophlla sp. (robusta species group).

• Journal of Species Research
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.387-391
• /
• 2021

Araneidae Clerck, 1757 is one of the largest families within the order Araneae Clerck, 1757, comprising 3,065 species in 177 genera. To date, two species of the genus Mengora O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 and four species of the genus Araniella Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 have been recorded in Korea. During a seasonal survey of the spider fauna in mountainous terrain conducted from 2018 to 2019, females of Mangora foliosa Zhu & Yin, 1998 and a male of Araniella robusta sp. nov. were collected with a sweep net between shrubs in mixed forests from Mt. Juwangsan National Park. In this paper, we provide a diagnosis of the new species and descriptions including measurements and morphological illustrations. The new species, Araniella robusta sp. nov., can be easily distinguished from other species in the genus Araniella Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 by a branched conductor with two blunt tips and conjugation of the embolus tip and terminal apophysis.