• 분석과학
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2014

선진국에서 유해물질을 함유하는 소비자 제품의 위해성 관리를 위해 CONSEXPO등의 다양한 소비자 노출평가 모델을 개발하여 소비자 제품에 함유된 유해화학물질의 노출로 인한 위해도를 평가하고 이를 규제 기준의 설정근거로 활용하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 다양한 시나리오에 적용할 수 있는 노출평가 모델을 검토하고 대상 제품을 선정하여 적정 모델을 적용하여 위해성 평가 단계에 따라 위해성 평가를 하여 제품 별 위해성 평가 기법을 마련하고자 하였다. 작성된 노출 시나리오를 바탕으로 노출 계수를 선정한 뒤 CONSEXPO 노출평가 모델을 기반으로 하여 알고리즘을 작성 한 결과 프탈레이트류의 경우 일부 장판에서 전이량이 검출되었으나 함량과 전이량의 상관관계를 살펴본 결과 r-square 0.0065으로 상관관계가 거의 없는 것으로 나타나, 이 결과를 기준으로 함량 기준값을 산출하는 것은 무리가 있다고 사료되며 현행제품기준을 유지하는 것이 무방할 것으로 판단된다. 휘발성유기화합물 또한 인체에 유해하지 않은 것으로 나타났으므로 현행 기준을 준수 할 경우 큰 무리가 없을 것으로 것을 판단, 새로운 기준을 제시 하지 않았다. 중금속의 경우 전이량이 검출되지 않았으므로 위해성 평가는 수행하지 않았다. 따라서 경피노출로 인한 인체의 유해가능성은 매우 적을 것으로 판단할 수 있다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2024

Background: Exposure assessment is an important part of risk assessment for consumer products. Exposure models are used when estimating consumer exposures by considering exposure routes, subjects, and circumstances. These models differ based on their tiers, types, and target populations. Consequently, exposure estimates may vary between models. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the results of different exposure models using identical exposure factors. Methods: Chemical exposure from consumer products was calculated using four consumer exposure assessment models: Targeted Risk Assessment 3.1, Consumer Exposure Model 2.1 (CEM), ConsExpo web 1.1.1, and the Korean Exposure Algorithm (primary and detailed) issued by the Ministry of Environment, No. 972 (MOE). The same exposure factors were used in each model to calculate inhalation and dermal exposures to acetaldehyde, d-limonene, and naphthalene in all-purpose cleaners, leather coating sprays, and sealants. Results: In the results, TRA provided the highest estimate. Generally, MOE (detailed), CEM and ConsExpo showed lower exposures. The inhalation exposure for leather coating spray showed the largest differences between models, with differences reaching up to 1.2×10⁷ times. Since identical inputs were used for the calculations, it is likely that the models significantly influenced the estimated results. Conclusions: Despite using the same exposure factors to calculate dermal and inhalation exposures, the results varied substantially based on the model's exposure algorithm. Therefore, selecting an exposure model for assessing consumer products should be done with careful consideration.

• 한국품질경영학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국품질경영학회 2009년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.227-229
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• 2009

Recent discussions in the active growth strategy based on getting a green environment, changes in the management of companies involved in environmental management is the analysis of various risk factors and the green growth at the same time the company's growth strategy is required. Thus, the corporate position on the green growth strategy based on risk management to analyze and respond to face reality, and respond to the scene of the applied methodology is required. In this study, contact the section of Environment to assess potential business risks that the EMEA Environment Mode Effects Analysis methodology through research and development company's in, contact the section of Environment to effectively analyze risk management by addressing the degree of risk assessment as a future-oriented and objective can manage is to provide technical management model.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.137-150
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• 2014

In the marine industry although there has been significant growth towards safety, security and risk assessments or risk-based strategies such as marine insurance and regulations to avoid the risks of damage to properties and the environment or the prospect of premature death caused by accidents etc, the moves toward managing the risks which are linked directly to the business functions and decision making processes have been very slow. Furthermore in the marine industry most perceptions, methodologies and frameworks of dealing with hazards, risks, safety and security issues are for their assessment rather than their management. This trend reveals the fact that in different marine industry sectors such as logistics and shipping there is a lack of coherent risk management framework or methodology from which to understand the risk-based decisions especially for the purpose of design, construction, operation, management and even decommissioning of the marine related applications. On the other hand risk management is not yet viewed holistically in the marine industry in order to, for example, assign a right person, i.e. risk manager, who can act as a coordinator and advisor with responsibilities that are only specific to risk management. As a result this paper, by examining the present physical borders and risk-based activities in the marine industry, aims to propose an appropriate risk management methodology in addition to the emergent role of risk managers which will enable the industry users initially to become familiar with the concept of risk management at its holistic level. In the later stages this eventually can lead to development of risk management capabilities at an exclusive level and its integration into the marine industry functions in future.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.7-17
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• 2014

Risk assessment considers the situations and characteristics of the exposure environment and host. Various physiological variables of the human body reflects the characteristics of the population that can directly influence risk exposure. Therefore, identification of exposure factors based on the Korean population is required for appropriate risk assessment. It is expected that a handbook about general exposure factors will be used by professionals in many fields as well as the risk assessors of the health department. The process of developing the exposure factors handbook for the Korean population will be introduced in this article, with a specific focus on the general exposure factors including life expectancy, body weight, surface area, inhalation rates, amount of water intake, and soil ingestion targeting the Korean population. The researchers used national databases including the Life Table and the 2005 Time Use Survey from the National Statistical Office. The anthropometric study of size in Korea used the resources provided by the Korean Agency for Technology and Standards. In addition, direct measurement and questionnaire surveys of representative samples were performed to calculate the inhalation rate, drinking water intake, and soil ingestion.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.522-531
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• 2006

This study has been conducted to evaluate the influence of ambient heavy metals to the air quality and to find their sources in Ulsan. Korea. The distribution characteristics of ambient heavy metals with wind direction were investigated by using pollution-rose diagram. Carcinogenic risk for five trace heavy metals (Pb. Cd, Cr, Mn, and Ni), which are classified to carcinogenic material by US EPA, are assessed according to the classification system of USEPA and WHO. According to pollution-rose calculation on pollutants sources, Pb and Cu in Deoksin, which is an adjacent to Onsan industrial complexes, were $0.1058\;and\;0.3242{\mu}g/m^3$. These concentration levels are the highest at all sampling sites. From this result we could confirm that it was affected by Onsan industrial complex that is located northeast of Deoksin.,And the maximum concentration of Cd, Cr, and Ni were $0.0306,\;0.0102,\;and\;0.0146\;{\mu}g/m^{3} in Yeocheon respectively. Because Yeocheon is in the Mipo industrial complexes, which have many combustors, incinerators, and manufacturing facilities compared to other regions. In carcinogenic risk assessment, Pb, Ni, and Mn concentration level at six sampling sites were lower than the risk level guideline values ($10^{-5}$) of WHO. However, $Cr^{6+}$ and Cd concentration in Yeocheon were 60% and 205% higher than the guideline values of WHO. Therefore it is very important that the emission from industrial complexes were carefully managed and controlled to improve air quality in residential area.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2007

정량적 원인분석이 가능한 위험기반검사(KS-RBI) 프로그램을 사용하여 화학설비의 사고 피해범위를 산출하고, 일반적인 정량적 위험성 평가를 수행하는 프로그램인 K-CARM에서 얻은 결과와 비교하였다. 그 결과, KS-RBI 프로그램에 의해 산출한 사고피해 크기는 K-CARM의 결과와 비교적 잘 일치하여 KS-RBI 프로그램이 정량적 위험성 평가에 적극 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 또한 사업장에서는 가중평균에 의한 사고 피해영역을 활용함으로써 현실성 있는 피해완화조치와 비상조치계획을 수립할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.288-294
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• 2018

항공기의 엔터테인먼트 시스템은 고정된 모니터를 사용하는 대신에 승객 개인의 휴대용 전자기기를 사용하는 형태로 그 패러다임이 바뀌었다. 이로 인해 기내 설비는 간소해진 반면 휴대용 전자기기들의 전기 충전으로 안전에 대한 리스크는 증가되었다. 송신 기능이 없는 개인 휴대전자기기와 달리 와이파이 기능이 있는 전자기기(T-PED)의 사용이 허용되고 기내에서 배터리의 충전도 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 기내 무선 환경과 엔터테인먼트 서비스의 변화에 따른 영향을 조사하기 위해 NASA 항공안전보고시스템을 이용하여 기내 전자기기 사용 관련 자료를 분석하였다. 이를 기초로 하여, 항공기 안전관리 관점에서 비행 중에 발생된 객실 전자장비나 승객 휴대용 전자기기(특히 스마트폰)로 인한 이벤트 발생 사례를 공유하여 개인용 전자기기의 위험성을 분석하였다. 이러한 분석을 위해 잠재적 위해요인의 식별과 리스크 평가 작업이 수행되었으며, 최종적으로 휴대용 전자기기의 안전한 사용을 위한 리스크 완화 전략이 제시되었다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

현대 화학 플랜트는 공정 및 설비가 복잡화, 세분화됨으로써 대규모 잠재 위험성이 증가하는 실정이다. 내부 화학물질이 난류, 층류, 압력, 온도, 마찰 등으로 인해 여러 조건하에 운영될 때 과도한 응력이 발생하고 이러한 발생 응력이 누적되면서 피로 등의 문제로 화학 설비 및 장치가 손상되거나 파열될 가능성이 존재한다. 사고통계에 따르면 여름철 화학 사고의 발생 빈도는 다른 계절에 비해 높게 나타나며 최근 5년간 발생한 화학 사고에서 누출에 의한 사고는 유형별 사고 중 압도적인 비율을 차지한다. 화학물질의 누출은 폭발 및 환경오염을 포함한 큰 인명 및 경제적 피해를 일으킬 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 계절별로 화학 플랜트 배관 누출 시 위험성 및 피해영향 평가를 수행하기 위해 실제 프로필렌 누출사고 현장을 3D 스캐너를 활용하여 재구성하고 FLACS를 활용하여 계절별 최대농도, 끝점거리 및 확산 거동을 비교 분석함으로써 프로필렌의 계절별 누출 거동을 도출하였다. 그 결과 여름에 화학물질이 누출될 경우 다른 계절에 비해 위험성이 크게 나타나는 것을 확인하였으며 이를 통해 계절별 안전관리 대책 및 방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2021

Nuclear power plant's safety against seismic events is evaluated as risk values by probabilistic seismic safety assessment. The risk values vary by the seismic failure correlation between the structures, systems, and components (SSCs). However, most probabilistic seismic safety assessments idealized the seismic failure correlation between the SSCs as entirely dependent or independent. Such a consideration results in an inaccurate assessment result not reflecting real physical phenomenon. A nuclear power plant's seismic risk should be calculated with the appropriate seismic failure correlation coefficient between the SSCs for a reasonable outcome. An accident scenario that has an enormous impact on a nuclear power plant's seismic risk was selected. Moreover, the probabilistic seismic response analyses of a nuclear power plant were performed to derive appropriate seismic failure correlations between SSCs. Based on the analysis results, the seismic failure correlation coefficient between SSCs was derived, and the seismic fragility curve and core damage frequency of the loss of essential power event were calculated. Results were compared with the seismic fragility and core damage frequency of assuming the seismic failure correlations between SSCs were independent and entirely dependent.