• Wind and Structures
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.171-191
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• 2024

Wind Driven Rain (WDR) poses a significant threat to the building environment, especially in hurricane prone regions by causing interior and content damage during tropical storms and hurricanes. The damage due to rain intrusion depends on the total amount of water that enters the building; however, owing to the use of inadequate empirical methods, the amount of water intrusion is difficult to estimate accurately. Hence, the need to achieve full-scale testing capable of realistically simulating rain intrusion is widely recognized. This paper presents results of a full-scale experimental simulation at the NHERI Wall of Wind Experimental Facility (WOW EF) aimed at obtaining realistic rain characteristics as experienced by structures during tropical storms and hurricanes. A full-scale simulation of rain in strong winds would allow testing WDR intrusion through typical building components. A study of rain intrusion through a sliding glass door is presented, which accounted for the effects of multiple wind directions, test durations and wind speeds; configurations with and without shuttering systems were also considered. The study showed that significant levels of water intrusion can occur during conditions well below current design levels. The knowledge gained through this work may enhance risk modeling pertaining to loss estimates due to WDR intrusion in buildings, and it may help quantify the potential reduction of losses due to the additional protection from shuttering systems on sliding glass doors during winds.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.81-91
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• 2021

Objectives : Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease that decreases bone density and increases the risk of fractures. Bisphosphonates and SERMs are mainly used to treat osteoporosis, but, long-term use increases the risk of side effects such as jaw bone necrosis and breast cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a therapeutic agent for a natural product with few side effects. Water extract of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (wLF) was mainly found to have anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effect of wLF on osteoporosis has not been elucidated. Therefore, this experiment investigated the effect of wLF on osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteoporosis models. Methods : In order to study the effect of wLF on osteoporosis, the OVX-induced rat model was used for in vivo study. After 8 weeks, we measured body weight, uterine weight, liver weight, femur weight, bone density, trabecular area and tibia ash weight. To determine the effect of wLF on osteoclast differentiation, we measured the number of TRAP-positive cells and TRAP activity. To examine the effect of wLF on the expression of osteoblast-related genes, we measured the mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP, Alpl) and osteocalcin (OCN, Bglap2). Results : In vivo experiment, wLF inhibited the reduction of femur weight, trabecular area, bone density and tibia ash weight. In vitro experiment, wLF had no significant effect on osteoclast differentiation. However, wLF increased the mRNA expression of Alpl and Bglap2 in MC3T3-E1 cell. Conclusions : This result suggested that wLF may be used for the treatment and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.251-260
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• 2005

목적 : 정신건강증진 프로그램을 정신건강시범학교에 적용하여 그 유용성을 보고자 하였다. 방법 : 제주도교육청 지정 정신건강시범학교인 제주시내 1개 중학교 2, 3학년 학생 748명을 대상으로 Young의 인터넷중독진단척도(IAS), Conner와 Wells의 청소년 집중력 자가보고척도(CASS) 그리고 다면적인성검사(MMPI)를 사용하여 정신건강증진 프로그램 전, 후의 변화를 비교하였다. 정신건강증진 프로그램은 사회정신건강연구소에서 개발한 인성교육 중에서 발췌하여 12시간으로 구성하였다. 자료분석시 프로그램 전후의 차이를 알아보기 위해 paired t-test를 사용하였다. 유의수준은 p<.05수준으로 하였다. 결과 : 프로그램 전후 MMPI상 임상적 수준의 문제를 보인 청소년이 $12.9\%$에서 $11.0\%$로 감소를 보였다. 2학년에서는 감소를 보였으나 3학년에서는 증가하였다. 소척도 점수는 편집증과 경조증 척도에서 통계적으로 유의한 감소를 보였다. IAS에서는 인터넷 과다사용 또는 중독 청소년이 $16.0\%$에서 $6.8\%$로 감소를 보였다. CASS에서는 집중력 문제 위험 청소년이 $22.7\%$에서 $18.3\%$로 감소하였다. IAS와 CASS 점수 모두 통계적으로 유의한 감소를 보였다. IAS 점수의 감소는 임상적 유의도가 중등도였다. 결론 : 정신건강증진 프로그램은 정신건강 문제, 인터넷 중독 위험 또는 집중력문제 위험이 있는 청소년의 감소를 가져왔고 인터넷 중독 예방에 효과가 있었다. 이 결과는 시범학교의 정신건강 증진 프로그램의 효과를 지지하며 일반 학교로의 확대 실시를 제안한다. 향후 프로그램에 맞는 특정화된 평가도구를 사용하여 프로그램의 효과를 재확인하여야 하겠다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.362-371
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• 2023

Background: PM_2.5 pollution has been a persistent problem in South Korea, with concentrations consistently exceeding World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The aging of the population in the country further exacerbates the health impacts of PM_2.5 since older adults are more susceptible to the adverse effects of air pollution. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate how the health impact (premature death) due to long-term exposure to PM_2.5 in South Korea could change in the future according to the trend of change in the country's population structure. Methods: The study employs a relative risk function, which accounts for age-specific relative risks, to assess the changes in premature deaths by age and region at the average annual PM_2.5 concentration for 2022 and at PM_2.5 concentration improvement levels. Premature deaths were estimated using the Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM). Results: The findings indicate that the increase in premature deaths resulting from the projected population structure changes up to 2050 would significantly outweigh the health benefits (reduction in premature deaths) compared to 2012. This is primarily attributed to the rising number of premature deaths among the elderly due to population aging. Furthermore, the study suggests that the effectiveness of the current domestic PM_2.5 standard would be halved by 2050 due to the increasing impact of population aging on PM_2.5-related mortality. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of considering trends in population structure when evaluating the health benefits of air pollution reduction measures. By comparing and evaluating the health benefits in reflection of changes in population structure to the predicted PM_2.5 concentration improvements at the provincial level, a more comprehensive assessment of regional air quality management strategies can be achieved.

• 환경생물
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.353-360
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• 2016

중금속 Cd, Cu 및 Zn이 해산로티퍼(Brachionus plicatilis)의 생존율 및 개체군 성장률에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 중금속 3종에 대한 독성평가를 수행하였다. 중금속에 24시간 노출하였을 때 Cd, Cu 및 Zn에 대한 생존율은 40.00, 0.13 및 $10.00mg\;L^{-1}$ 농도에서 급격한 감소가 시작되어 농도의존적으로 감소하였고, 중금속에 72시간 노출한 개체군 성장률도 Cd, Cu 및 Zn의 12.50, 0.06 및 $1.00mg\;L^{-1}$ 농도에서 급격한 감소가 시작되어, 중금속 3종에서 모두 농도의존적으로 감소하였다. Cd, Cu 및 Zn에 노출된 개체군 성장률의 $EC_{50}$ 값은 각각 21.41, 0.12 및 $6.15mg\;L^{-1}$이며, 독성의 세기는 Cu>Zn>Cd로 생존율과 개체군 성장률이 동일하였다. 또한 Cd, Cu 및 Zn에 대한 개체군 성장률의 LOEC는 각각 6.25, 0.03 및 $0.10mg\;L^{-1}$, NOEC는 각각 12.50, 0.06 및 $1.00mg\;L^{-1}$로 나타났다. 해양환경에서 개체군 성장률의 LOEC를 초과하는 농도가 B. plicatilis에게 독성영향을 미칠 수 있다고 판단되며, NOEC와 $EC_{50}$ 값은 혼합독성을 판단하기 위한 WET test와 해양생태계 내 생물에게 영향을 미치는 중금속 독성에 대한 가이드라인으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.69-89
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• 2006

Biological mechanisms for ionizing radiation effects are different at low doses than at high doses. Radiation hormesis involves low-dose-induced protection and high-dose-induced harm. The protective component is associated with a reduction in the incidence of cancer below the spontaneous frequency, brought about by activation of defensive and repair processes. The Linear No-Threshold (LNT) hypothesis advocated by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and the Biological Effects of ionizing Radiation (BEIR) Report VII for cancer risk estimations Ignores hormesis and the presence of a threshold. Cancer incidences significantly less than expected have been found in a large number of epidemiological studies including, airline flight personnel, inhabitants of high radiation backgrounds, shipyard workers, nuclear site workers in scores of locations throughout the world, nuclear power utility workers, plutonium workers, military nuclear test site Participants, Japanese A-bomb survivors, residents contaminated by major nuclear accidents, residents of Taiwan living in $^{60}Co$ contaminated buildings, fluoroscopy and mammography patients, radium dial painters, and those exposed to indoor radon. Significantly increased cancer was not found at doses <200 $mSv^*$. Evidence for radiation hormesis was seen in both sexes for acute or chronic exposures, low or high LET radiations, external whole- or partial body exposures, and for internal radionuclides. The ubiquitous nature of the Healthy Worker Effect (HWE)-like responses in cellular, animal and epidemiological studies negates the HWE as an explanation for radiation hormesis. The LNT hypothesis is wrong and does not represent the true nature of the dose-response relationship, since low doses or dose-rates commonly result in thresholds and reduce cancer incidences below the spontaneous rate. Radiation protection organizations should seriously consider the cost and health implications of radiation hormesis.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

Asthma is a complex inflammatory disease of the lung characterized by variable airflow obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation, and reduction of respiratory function. Its prevalence and incidence are increasing because of the effect of various environmental and lifestyle risk factors. Steroid inhalation, long-acting agonists, and other synthetic drugs are used for the treatment of this disease. However, they have some side effects and show unsatisfied result and response after treatment. Therefore, many researchers have focused on the development of natural product-related treatment for asthma to suppress the side effects and unsatisfied results. Seaweeds contain various bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-oxidant activities. Thus, we investigated the asthma treatment-related literature using marine algae via the Google scholar search engine. Consequently, the literature is rarely investigated, but is increasing steadily. The literature was performed as a comparison study with an ovalbumin-induced group or drug-treated group, and investigated the antiasthma activity of algae ethanol extract. Although many researchers have studied marine algae-derived therapeutic agents for asthma, the amount of literature is rare compared with those of herbal medicine-derived therapeutic agents. Conclusively, we suggest that many researchers should investigate and develop algae-derived therapeutic agents for asthma treatment.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.77-88
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• 2010

Ginseng has been reported to reduce the risk of cancer in diverse organs, including the lip, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, lung, liver, pancreas, ovary, colon, rectum, and stomach, as demonstrated in clinical and epidemiological studies. studies, base on which findings, Panax ginseng has been classified as a "non-organ-specific cancer preventive." However, the recent keen interest in traditional medicinal herbs has been frequently questioned, about exact mode of action and the use of panaceic compounds has been a prime issue discussed in terms of complementary and alternative medicine. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the mitigating effects of Korean red ginseng on Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-associated atrophic changes and carcinogenesis; However, evidence-based medicine, consisting of large-scale or well designed clinical studies, is still warranted whether Korean red ginseng is to be recognized as an essential therapeutic strategy regarding a "H. pylori-associated gastric cancer preventive." Specifically, comprehensive clinical trials of Korean red ginseng are needed to demonstrate that mucosal regeneration in patients with atrophic gastritis is feasible using Korean red ginseng supplements after the eradication of H. pylori infection. Ginseng is a good example of a natural herb and its ubiquitous properties may include the reduction or delay of inflammation carcinogenesis. Korean red ginseng contains ample amounts of active ginsenosides and we have demonstrated their effects in in vitro and in vivo studies with positive outcomes. In this review, the quantitative and qualitative benefits of Korean red ginseng in the treatment of H. pylori infection are described.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2020

Purpose: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of metabolic abnormalities has rapidly increased in Korea. Sleep may play a role in determining its prevalence. However, the relationships between MetS and the duration and quality of sleep are not yet clear. This study aimed to examine the associations between the duration and quality of sleep and the prevalence of MetS. Methods: Study participants included 348 Korean blue-collar workers employed by six small-sized companies in Korea. The data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, and logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate the effects of the factors related to MetS. Results: The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the independent factors that contributed to the prevalence of MetS were being male (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=4.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.58~15.0) and lower sleep quality (aOR=5.12, 95% CI=1.90~14.30). Sleep duration was related to the prevalence of some MetS components, but it was not associated with MetS prevalence. Conclusion: Sleep quality was negatively associated with MetS prevalence when covariates, such as sleep duration, were controlled. When developing a MetS risk-reduction program, focus should be given to sleep quality as well as sleep duration in an intervention for Korean blue-collar workers.

• 병원약사회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.400-408
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• 2018

Background : Palivizumab is an intravenous monoclonal antibody which is used in the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. It is currently recommended for infants who are at high-risk for RSV infections due to preterm birth or other medical conditions such as congenital heart disease. Palivizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against an epitope in the antigenic site A of the protein F of RSV particles. Palivizumab is given once a month via intramuscular (IM) injection throughout the duration of the RSV season. Since palivizumab is known to have preventive effects against RSV infection for children with older siblings, the insurance coverage for palivizumab was expanded in October 2016. Methods : The electronic medical records of children under 2 years old who have older siblings who visited or were admitted to the Severance Hospital from October 2015 to May 2016 and from October 2016 to May 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. The data were then divided into two groups depending on the pilivizumab administration. Results : A total of 67 patients were enrolled in this study. The effectiveness in the reduction of hospitalization was statistically significant (p=0.009). Palivizumab decreased respiratory symptoms such as cough, rhinorrhea, and fever in patients with older siblings (p 0.05). Conclusions : In this study, palivizumab administration was effective in preventing RSV infection in infants with older siblings. Expanding palivizumab-prophylaxis administration to infants with older siblings may be effective in the prevention of upper respiratory infections.