• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2019

Purpose: The present study confirms the content validity and understanding level of the questions of the Korean version of caries management by risk assessment (CAMBRA). Methods: To develop the Korean version of CAMBRA for children aged 0-5 years, a series of steps were followed: first, translation and reverse-translation processes were conducted by an expert committee. To establish content validity, CAMBRA was modified to adapt to the conditions in Korea by 17 dental hygiene professionals with a master's or a higher degree. The responses were analyzed using analysis of frequency and descriptive statistics. Content validity was verified by calculating the content validity index (CVI). The survey was administered to 64 mothers and caregivers to assess the understanding level of questions of the Korean version of CAMBRA. Results: Content validity of each of the items showed an S-CVI/AVE value of 0.79, but the content validities varied from 0.63 to 1.0. The understanding level of each question was between 3.56 and 4.46, thus showing favorable results. Conclusion: It was concluded that the test items verified for content validity were suitable for assessing caries risk for children of ages 0-5 years. This study would contribute to improving children's oral health and disease prevention by providing timely intervention.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: The concern over heavy metal(loid)s in arable land and agricultural products increases for public health in recent years. This study aims to identify transition characteristics of heavy metal(loid)s and to assess dietary risk in barley grown at the major producing districts in Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: The soil and barley samples were collected from 38 locations around the major producing districts at Jeollabuk-do in Korea for the propose of examining the concentrations of heavy metal(loid)s. The 34 barley samples were separately purchased on the market for the same survey. The average concentration and range of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in barley grown at the major producing districts in Korea were 0.037 (0.016-0.094), 0.028 (0.004-0.083) and 0.137 (0.107-0.212) mg kg-1, respectively. Currently, the maximum allowable level for barley Pb is set at 0.2 mg kg-1 in Korea, and the monitoring results suggested that some samples exceeded the maximum allowable level and required appropriate farming management. Bio-concentration factor values by heavy metal(loid)s in barley were high at Cd, copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), similar to other crops, while As and Pb were low, indicating low transferability. CONCLUSION: Human exposure to As, Cd and Pb through dietary intake of barley might not cause adverse health effects due to relatively low concentrations, although the Pb in some barley was detected higher than the maximum allowable level. Further study on uptake and accumulation mechanism of Pb by barley might be required to assess the human health risk associated with soil contamination.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.79-89
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• 2022

Every summer in our country, an accident occurs, in which the retaining wall on a steep slope collapses due to torrential rain. According to the data on the results of steep slope risk assessment in 2019, over 780 retaining walls are below grade C; therefore, preparing for countermeasures is urgent. However, due to the limited budget for the repair and reinforcement of these retaining walls, it is necessary to discuss the investment prioritization. In this study, a prioritization method was proposed at the network and project levels along with the review of the revised criteria of disaster risk assessment in the steep slope retaining wall, and an application research in the network level was conducted for six retaining walls. Moreover, it is proposed that the priority index was determined by using the actual cost for repair and reinforcement in determination of the project level prioritization.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.15-30
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• 2006

o US environmental regulations are complex o Compliance assesment should be part of an effective environmental management system o Companies must assess and report a dollar value for environmental liabilities o Comprehensive assessment of environmental liability and risk should be conducted for all property transfers aquisitions o Independent external audits provide the highest level of compliance oversight and can assist in assessment of environmental liabilities

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.11 no.2 s.35
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• pp.71-77
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• 2007

This research proposes the U-drawing information system (U-DIS) based on risk assessment. One of the most outstanding features of U-DIS is to perform the Quantitative Risk Assessment directly on the screen utilizing the Process Information. U-DIS revolutionizes the existing way to do a risk assessment and helps finding information more efficiently and simply. It is designed to open all CAD drawing files on the web-based environment without having the CAD S/W installed on the PC. The U terminal platform in U-DIS supports IPv6 and wireless broadband network and U-DIS can be accessible through a sensor or personal authorization. This results in providing a systematic safety enhancement tool considering not only the operation of the process but also its risk level in the equipment industry. Additionally to aid the decision making process it offers comprehensive and thorough information based on engineering technical theory.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.10 no.1_2
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• pp.37-46
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• 1995

The purpose of this research is to estimate a safe environmental level of human exposure to thresholding-acting toxicants in drinking water and recommend the acceptable levels and management plans for maintaining good quality of drinking water' and protecting health hazard. This research has been funded as a national project for three years from 1992 to 1995. This study(the second year, 1993-1994) was conducted to monitor 39 species of noncarcinogenic chemicals such as volatile organic compounds(VOCs), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbens(PAHs), pesticides and heavy metals of drinking water at some area in six cities of Korea, and evaluate health risk due to these chemicals through four main steps (hazard identification, exposure assessment, dose-response assessment and risk characterization) of risk assessment in drinking water. In hazard identification, 39 species of non-carcinogenic chemicals were identified by the US EPA classification system. In the step of exposure assessment, sampling of tap water from the public water supply system had been conducted from 1993 to 1994, and 39 chemicals were analyzed. Inclose-response assessment for non-carcinogens, reference doses(RfD) and lifetime health advisories(HAs) of lifetime acceptable levels were calculated. In risk characterization of detected chemicals, the hazard quotients of noncarcinogens were less than one except those of manganese and iron in D city.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.406-416
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• 2014

Purpose: Screening of delirium using delirium assessment tools could promote delirium detection, however, there is lack of report about regular delirium assessment in Korea. This study was intended to describe the prevalence and related risk factors of delirium in intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: The Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU) data which were evaluated by nurses in ICUs was obtained through retrospective chart review. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and stepwise logistic regression. Results: Delirium was evaluated in 125 patients. The incidence rate of delirium was 27.2% with a high prevalence of hypoactive delirium compared to hyperactive delirium (61.8 vs. 38.2%). Those with delirium were older, had hypertension, stayed longer in hospital, receiving ventilator support, had more number of catheters, had low serum protein and albumin level. Delirium incidence also varied according to diagnosis. Age, diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease, and application of ventilator were the significant risk factors for the incidence of delirium. Conclusion: Routine delirium screening is important for early detection of delirium. Identification of high-risk group and running delirium prevention programs could improve early recognition of delirium in ICU.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.22 no.A
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• pp.127-135
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• 2002

In this study, the preliminary risk assessment for the underground storage tanks(UST) in Chunchon city was implemented using the geographical information system(GIS). The estimation variables, such as the installation year, storage capacity, the distances from streams, and from groundwater pumping wells, were selected to estimate the relative risk levels. The weighting factors were given to all the estimation variables. Cumulative scores were induced by the combination of all the scores of the corresponding variables using the buffering technique and the overlay analysis in ArcView. Using the these process, the relative risk level of each UST was estimated. Some sites in this study are simplified and reduced because the number of useable data are limited or too enormous. Thus the selection of the comprehensive estimation variables and the proper weighting values are required for the future study. The methodology in this study could be served not only for the preliminary risk assessment of UST but also for the selection of the proper location of new and old UST. And, it can be used for the effective management system of UST.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.82-90
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• 2019

Meeting the regulations based on the short-term leaching tests may not necessarily assure the environmental and human health safety of reusing mine wastes. This study investigated heavy metal leachability of four metal mine waste samples (e.g., Z, Y, H, and M) and human health risk of reusing them as construction materials. The heavy metal leachability did not depend on the total heavy metal contents. For example, the Z sample contained greater amounts of As and Fe than Zn, but the leachates contained only Zn at a detectable level. This can be attributed to the crystalline structure and heavy metal fractions of the mine wastes. The leaching test results suggested that the four mine waste samples are potentially reusable. But the Z and M samples reused in industrial areas imposed carcinogenic risks. This was largely attributed to As that is exposed via dermal contact. The Y and H samples reused in residential areas imposed carcinogenic risk. The major exposure route was the ingestion of crops grown on the mine wastes and Cr was the major concern. The two-stage assessment involving leaching tests and risk assessment can be used to promote safe reuse of mine wastes.

• Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.69-76
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• 2008

The object of this study is to develop a tool for quantifying risks related to the rail transportation of hazardous commodities and to present mitigation measures. In this study, the Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) is used as a risk analysis tool. Based on the previous explosion history (Iri explosion) and consideration of its high risk, Iksan-si is selected as a model city. The result, expressed as average individual risk for exposed people with various distance, indicates that the model city is considered to be safe according to the nuclear energy standard. Also, the mitigation measures are provided since Societal risk of Iksan-si is set within ALARP. Risk reduction measures include rail car design, rail transportation operation, demage spread control as well as derail prevention and alternative routes for reducing accident frequencies. Finally, it is expected to achieve high level of public safety by appling the risk reduction measures.