• The Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.64-70
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• 1994

We propose a new method to deal with optimal auto-tuning of the PID controller which is used to process control in various fields. First of all, in this method, 1st order system which was modeled from the unit step response of the system is Pade-approximated, then initial values are determined by the Ziegler-Nichols method. Finally, we can find the parameters of PID controller so as to maximize the fuzzy criterion function which includes the maximum overshoot, damping ratio, rising time and settling time. The Proposed method also shows good adaptability for variations in characteristics and dead m e of the system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.359-364
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• 2016

NiO serves as a window layer for Si photoelectric devices. Due to the wide energy bandgap of NiO, high optical transparency (over 80%) was achieved and applied for Si photoelectric devices. Due to the high the high mobility, the heterojunction device (Al/n-Si/$SiO_2$/p-NiO/ITO) provide ultimately fast photoresponses of rising time of $38.33{\mu}s$ and falling time of $39.25{\mu}s$, respectively. This functional NiO layer would provide benefits for high-performing photoelectric devices, including photodetectors and solar cells.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1994.05a
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• pp.149-151
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• 1994

This thesis describes the effect of heat treatment on the magnetic properties of Co-bsaed Amorphous. A sample was chosen as basic composition with Co$\_$82//Si$\_$2//B$\_$16/ of zero magnetostriction. It was made by single roll method with quartz orifice 0.5[mmø], Ar gas pressure 0.6 [kg/cm$^2$] and roll speed 28 (m/sec) and atmosphere is ,Ar gas. We obtained the sample of width 2.4(mm), thickness 45[$\mu\textrm{m}$]. Made sample annealed for the improvement of magnetic propertics at at annealing temperature 325,350,375 and 400$^{\circ}C$ and annealing time 15, 30, 45, 60 and 120min respectiveily. Amorphous ribbon of co-based showed high permeab- ility ${\mu}$=8000∼14000, and became improvement of magnetic properties according to anneal ins temperature and time. Especially. Amorphous sample at 325$^{\circ}C$ ,45min appearanced high permeability ${\mu}$=13, 589 at frequency f= 100Hz. and loss factor was reduced at low frequency with rising anneal ins ti me and temperature more annealed sample than basic sample.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.236-239
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• 2012

In this paper, we study the transient characteristics of 4H-SiC DMOSFETs with different interface charges to improve the turn-on rising time. A physics-based two-dimensional mixed device and circuit simulator was used to understand the relationship between the switching characteristics and the physical device structures. As the $SiO_2$/SiC interface charge increases, the current density is reduced and the switching time is increased, which is due primarily to the lowered channel mobility. The result of the switching performance is shown as a function of the gate-to-source capacitance and the channel resistance. The results show that the switching performance of the 4H-SiC DMOSFET is sensitive to the channel resistance that is affected by the interface charge variations, which suggests that it is essential to reduce the interface charge densities in order to improve the switching speed in 4H-SiC DMOSFETs.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.228-233
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• 2009

In order to predict the temperature distribution of stainless steel strip in Bright Annealing (BA) furnace, we performed the analysis of heat transfer and fluid flow using STAR-CCM+. The analysis model included unsteady fluid flow, heat transfer with radiation and moving grid. Two kinds of radiative properties, emissivity and reflectivity, were applied to the stainless steel strip, one is constant and the other is variable with time. As we call, the BA furnaces of stainless steel strip have two different types, muffle and no-muffle. The using of muffle type has been faced with some problems such as rising in material price and shortening of life cycle, etc. So the development of no-muffle type BA furnace is very important in order to save energy cost, lower environmental load and increase the productivity. The designed (or expected) temperature of stainless steel strip coming out of BA furnace was about $1065^{\circ}C$ while the environment temperature maintains around $1100^{\circ}C$. The result of our calculation was very close (or similar) to design temperature, and the application of radiative properties variable with time produced more accurate result than applying constant ones.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.211-232
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• 2014

In late Victorian England, a "pervert" meant two things. One meaning designated a person who "turned" or converted from one sect of Christianity to another. In Wilde's time this referred specifically to converts from the established state Church of England to the transnational Roman Catholic Church. The other, newer meaning designated someone who turned from conventional heterosexual relations to a (as yet unnamed) homosexual orientation. In the context of the late Victorian empire, both were considered dangerous. The rising social and political influence of Roman Catholicism appeared threatening as a transnational Church invading a national one. For the Anglican Church of England, this crisis was played out what came to be known as the Oxford Movement, still influential during Wilde's time as a student there from 1874 to 1878. What is interesting in Wilde's life, as in his work, is the way he himself played with the dangerous transgressions inherent in being a "pervert." Sexually, he was converted to same-sex love while still a married man. In terms of religion, he remained fascinated with Catholicism, allegedly converting on his death-bed. But what is provocative is way that Wilde used one "perversion" to play into another: so that in such works as The Picture of Dorian Gray and Salome, his version of a kind of anti-Catholic Catholicism becomes a site of sexual desire, and sexual desire expression for that kind of spirituality, which, as unrequited longing, can ultimately n find no object adequate to its imagination.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.26
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• pp.43-71
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• 2012

In this article, we recognize the cross-cultural communication between Greece and Spain through El Greco's pictures. The Greeks of Crete kept to their culture and continued to look to the declining Byzantine Empire for spiritual and political guidance. For two centuries after the conquest, the strength of the Byzantine tradition had become the moral and spiritual sustenance of the conquered in Crete. The basic contribution of Cretan intellectuals or artists such as El Greco of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries was the forging of connecting links between the Hellenism of the old Byzantine East and the rising, youthful Hellenism of the Renaissance West. In this way, Crete served as an important halfway point between East and West. The saint Mary Magdalene was symbol of Christian penitence, which represents the penitential life personified and became widespread during the Counter Reformation, when new emphasis was put on the value of prayer and repentance in the forgiveness of sin. In Spain, the Penitent Magdalene was popular and El Greco painted many versions, which at the first time, were reflected by Tiziano, on the contrary, at the time of Toledo, were recreated by his own style. Although El Greco was converted to Catholic in Spain, his faith in Greek Orthodox Church influenced on his original painting world. El Greco had never painted a picture whose subject treat with the emphasis of identification between Mary Magdalene and Mary, younger sister of Martha.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.325-334
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• 2021

This study aims to investigate whether economic growth is elevated by banking industry development in Jordan. The study adopts time-series econometric methodologies, which comprise the bounds testing approach within the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and the conditional causality analysis. Consistent with the assumptions of the adopted methodology, the study utilized annual time-series data for a relatively long period of thirty-nine years, between 1980 and 2018. The empirical results show that Jordan's economic growth is strongly responsive in respect to any changes in banking industry development. Also, the results reveal the harmful impact of rising lending interest rate; as this rate increases, economic growth will decrease. The findings are in line with the conceptual arguments of the supply-leading hypothesis, which confirmed that banking development is considered as one of the main pillars that have stimulating effects on economic growth. The evidence of the current study may provide important implications for policymakers and bankers. Those professionals should work to maintain a stable regulatory system that enhances the banking system function in activating economic growth. Also, a considerable focus should be placed on designing a steady interest rate policy to avoid the inherently undesirable impacts of high-interest rates on the Jordanian economy.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.545-557
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• 2021

Since the functionally graded materials (FGMs) are used extensively as thermal barriers in many of applications. Therefore, the current article focuses on studying and presenting dynamic responses of multilayer functionally graded (FG) deep beams placed in a thermal environment that is not addressed elsewhere. The material properties of each layer are proposed to be temperature-dependent and vary continuously through the height direction based on the Power-Law function. The deep layered beam is exposed to harmonic sinusoidal load and temperature rising. In the modelling of the multilayered FG deep beam, the two-dimensional (2D) plane stress continuum model is used. Equations of motion of deep composite beam with the associated boundary conditions are presented. In the frame of finite element method (FEM), the 2D twelve-node plane element is exploited to discretize the space domain through the length-thickness plane of the beam. In the solution of the dynamic problem, Newmark average acceleration method is used to solve the time domain incrementally. The developed procedure is verified and compared, and an excellent agreement is observed. In numerical examples, effects of graduation parameter, geometrical dimension and stacking sequence of layers on the time response of deep multilayer FG beams are investigated with temperature effects.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.3-25
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• 2022

East Asia's Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) came into force in 2022 as the world's largest free trade agreement. RCEP was concluded, signed and brought into force in the face of major international uncertainty and is a significant boost to the global trading system. RCEP brings Australia, China, Japan, South Korea and New Zealand into the same agreement with the ten member ASEAN group at its centre. It keeps markets open and updates trade and investment rules in East Asia, a major centre of global economic activity, at a time of rising protectionism when the WTO itself is under threat. The agreement builds on ASEAN's free trade agreements and strengthens ASEAN centrality. One of the pillars of RCEP is an economic cooperation agenda which has its antecedents in ASEAN's approach to bringing along its least developed members and builds on the experience of capacity building in APEC and technical cooperation under the ASEAN Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement. There is an opportunity to create a framework that facilitates deeper economic cooperation that involves experience-sharing, extending RCEP's rules and membership at the same time as strengthening political cooperation. The paper suggests some areas that might be best suited to cooperation - that is confidence and trust building instead of or before negotiation - and discusses how non-members may be engaged and the membership expanded. Options such as multilateralising provisions and becoming a platform for policy convergence and coordinating unilateral reforms are canvassed.