• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.696-705
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• 2007

Statement of problem: In the Protar articulator, the models are almost parallel with the Camper's plane. The ultrasonic-based ARCUSdigma system is basis for the determination of dynamic function parameters with so-called "articulator related registration". Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the sagittal condylar guidance angles found by use of the wax protrusive records in a semi-adjustable articulator(KaVo Protar 7) with those found by use of the Axiograph (ARCUSdigma). 83 volunteers with intact dentition participated in this study after obtainment of informed consent. Material and method: The sagittal condylar guidance angles were measured and estimated statistically by semi-articulator and Axiograph. All the readings were in degrees. No control was used in this project. To test whether there was a significant difference between the 2 independent samples, paired t-test and Kruskal-Wallis test were carried out(p=.05). Results: 1. The mean results for the wax protrusive records were as follow: right side (32.65 degrees, SD 16.48); left side (33.27 degrees, SD 17.49). 2. The mean results for the Axiograph were as follow: right side (32.26 degrees, SD 7.00); left side (33.07 degrees, SD 7.58). 3. There was no statistical difference on the wax protrusive records and Axiograph(p>0.05). Conclusion: Both methods of wax protrusive records and Axiograph are clinically acceptable for measuring the sagittal condylar guidance angles in semi-adjustable articulators.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.23-37
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• 1991

The understanding the natureof occlusal tooth contacts of natural dentition is important for correct diagnosis and treatment of diseases developed in stomatognatic system. Several investigator have studied the distribution of tooth contacts in maximum intercuspation and have reported contact locations with respect to the tooth position. Many methods have been clinically applied for the occlusal analysis in the intercuspal position. However, there are few quantative methods. This study analyzed the new software version of the T-Scan system to record and analyze occlusal contact balance in the anterior-posterior and right-left directions. Six time moment statistics and five moment statistics were calculated in the midsagittal and the incisal axes of the occlusal plane. In the present study, informed consent was obtained from 100 subjects with natural dentitions. The results were as follows ; 1. The mean of the dental arch length & width were 48.78, 65.32mm in whole population, 49.09mm, 65.50mm in males, 48.78mm, 64.63mm in females, respectively. 2. The mean of TLR & PLR were 0.193mm(left), 0.311mm(left), respectively. Therefore, the distribution of tooth contacts was bilaterally symmetric. 3. The mean of TFB & PFB were 29.168mm, 29.055mm, and that of LFB & RFB were 29.627mm, 29.587mm, respectively, and the qualitative center of occlusal contacts was the firtst molar. 4. The mean of LL & RL were 31.666mm, 31.377mm, respectively, and the quantitative center of occlusal force was the first molar. 5. The mean of LF & RF were 60.237N, 59.276N, respectively and Left-right moment was 72.491Nmm. Therfore, the distribution of occlusal force was bilaterally balanced.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.597-604
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 모델전공 여대생과 일반 여대생의 신체조성 및 기초체력을 비교분석 하는데 있다. 본 연구의 취지를 충분히 설명하고 자발적 참여의 동의서를 작성한 D대학교의 모델전공 여대생 15명과 일반 여대생 15명이었으며, 과거병력과 현재 특별한 질환이 없고, 규칙적인 운동경험이 없는 자들로 구성하였다. 이들은 신체조성검사 및 기초체력검사인 좌 우악력, 배근력, 유연성, 순발력, 근지구력을 실시하여 평균 표준편차를 산출하기 위하여 기술통계를 실시하였고, 집단 간 차이 검증은 independent t-test를 이용하여 분석하였다. 통계적 유의수준은 p<.05로 설정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 모델전공 여대생과 일반 여대생의 체중, 골격근, 체지방량, BMI 및 좌 우악력 및 배근력, 순발력에서 집단 간 유의(p.<05)한 차이를 보였으며, 유연성 및 근지구력은 집단 간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>.05).

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.44-47
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• 2006

Background: The present study used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to investigate the neural substrates for modified version of Treisman's visual search task. Methods: Two volunteers who gave informed consent participated MEG experiment. One was 27- year old male and another was 24-year-old female. All were right handed. Experiment were performed using a 306-channel biomagnetometer (Neuromag LTD). There were three task conditions in this experiment. The first was searching an open circle among seven closed circles (open condition). The second was searching a closed circle among seven uni-directionally open circles (closed condition). And the third was searching a closed circle among seven eight-directionally open circles (random (closed) condition). In one run, participants performed one task condition so there were three runs in one session of experiment. During one session, 128 trials were performed during every three runs. One participant underwent one session of experiment. The participant pressed button when they found targets. Magnetic source localization images were generated using software programs that allowed for interactive identification of a common set of fiduciary points in the MRI and MEG coordinate frames. Results: In each participant we can found activations of anterior cingulate, primary visual and association cortices, posterior parietal cortex and brain areas in the vicinity of thalamus. Conclusions: we could find activations corresponding to anterior and posterior visual attention systems.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2011

Purpose: We investigated the changes in the stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) and the no-signal reaction time (NSRT) following motor sequential learning in the stop-signal task (SST). This study also determined which of the reduction0s of spatial processing time was better between blocked- and random-SST. Methods: Thirty right-handed healthy subjects without a history of neurological dysfunction were recruited. In all subjects, both the SSRT and the NSRT were measured for the SST. Tasks were classified into two categories based on the stop-signal patterns, the blocked-SST practice group and random-SST practice group. All subjects gave written informed consent. Results: In the blocked-SST group, both the SSRT and the NSRT was significantly decreased (p<0.05) but not significantly changed in the random-SST group. In the SSRT and the NSRT, the blocked-SST group was faster than the random-SST group (p<0.05). In the post-test SST after practice of each group, the SSRT was significantly decreased in the random-SST group (p<0.05), but the NSRT showed no significant changes in either group. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that random-SST practice resulted in a decrease in internal processing times needed for a rapid stop to visual signals, indicating motor skill learning is acquired through improved response selection and inhibition.

• 의료법학
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.117-157
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 미국의 보건의료데이터 관련 주요 법령으로 HIPAA/HITECH, 21세기 치료법, 공통규칙, 주법 등을 검토, 데이터의 보호 및 활용 관점에서 관련 법령의 발전과정, 구체적 쟁점에 관한 입법방침을 검토하였으며, 다음과 같은 시사점을 도출하였다. 첫째, 미국의 경우 개인의료정보에 관한 단일법제를 통하여 보호와 활용 기준을 비교적 명확하게 규율하고 있다. 미국의 경우 1996년 의료정보보호에 관한 기본법으로 HIPAA를 도입, 의료정보를 개인식별정보, 비식별정보, 한정데이터세트로 구분하여 PHI의 경우 목적에 따른 활용범위를 규정하였으며, 의료정보의 비식별조치 방식 규정, 한정데이터세트의 삭제정보 대상, 데이터 재식별 금지합의서 등에 관하여 규정하였다. 한편, 연구목적 의약품 및 의료기기 혁신 촉진을 위하여 제정된 21세기 치료법에서는 정보의 공유와 정보접근성 강화를 위하여 데이터 공유를 위한 상호호환성, 데이터 차단 금지, 정보주체의 접근성 강화를 규정하였으며, 공통규칙에서는 포괄적 동의제도를 도입, 절차를 명확하게 규정하고 있다. 우리나라의 경우 개인정보보호법을 기초로 하되, 보건의료데이터를 규율하는 일관된 법제를 제정한다면 규제체계와 내용을 보다 명확히 하여 정보소유자와 이용자에게 정보이용에 대한 신뢰를 높일 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 둘째, 미국의 경우 의료정보의 활용 측면에서 규제체계를 비교적 간소화하고 명확하게 규정하고 있다는 점에서 의미가 있는 것으로 생각된다. 구체적으로 식별가능 의료정보의 익명조치 방안으로 전문가 합의 방식과 세이프 하버 방식을 규정하고, 구체적인 방법을 규정하고 있다. 특히 세이프하버 방식의 경우 18가지 식별자를 제거하면 비식별조치가 된 것으로 판단하고 있어 비식별조치 방식과 절차를 명확하게 규정하고 있다는 점, 전문가 합의 방식도 전문가 판단기준, 절차 등을 규정하고 있어 판단절차에 대한 신뢰를 높이고 있다는 점에서 의미가 있다. 보건의료데이터의 경우 치료목적, 연구목적 등으로 활용될 경우 그 가치가 증가될 것으로 생각되므로 보다 간소하고 명확한 기준을 제안함으로써 정보보호와 활용의 목적을 달성할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 셋째, 미국의 경우 정보주체의 권리보호 방안을 구체화하되, 설명의무를 상세히 규정하되 식별정보에 대한 소비자의 정보권한(옵트아웃 절차)를 명시하고 있다. 구체적으로 HHS 규칙과 FDA 규정에서 인간대상 연구에 대하여는 포괄적 동의제도를 인정하되 공통규칙을 통하여 동의절차, 방법, 요건을 규정하고 있다. 특히 정보주체에 대한 고지의무, 옵트아웃 제도, 삭제요구권 등에 관하여 규정하고 있으며, 동의절차에서 동의 대상자가 쉽고 명확하게(8th grade reading level 기준) 이해할 수 있도록 하며, 최신성·편의성을 유지하도록 하고 있다. 특히 최근 미국 주법(뉴욕, 캘리포니아 주 등)은 데이터 보호 및 활용에 관한 법령을 제정하면서 정보접근권, 삭제요구권, 옵트아웃 제도, 정보처리 동의의 투명성 강화조치 마련 등을 규정하여 데이터 활용에 있어서 정보주체의 권리를 보장하고 있다. 정보주체의 권리 보호는 정보의 가치보존과 활용 측면에서 가장 중요한 전제요건이 될 것이므로 우리나라의 입법에서도 참조할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 넷째, 미국의 경우 보건의료데이터 법제 전반에서 신뢰기반 제도를 활용하고 있다는 점은 중요한 의미가 있을 것으로 생각된다. 예컨대 HIPAA에서는 Limited Data Set의 경우 연구자의 재식별금지 합의서를 전제로 정보를 활용할 수 있도록 규정하고 있으며, 익명조치를 전문가 합의, 세이프하버 방식 등으로 간소화하여 연구목적 정보이용을 활성화하는 방안, 동의제도를 간소화하는 방안도 정보주체와 정보이용자간 신뢰에 기반한 것으로 볼 수 있다. 의료정보는 정보주체, 생성·보관·활용자가 모두 신뢰에 기반하여 협력할 때 그 가치가 나타날 수 있을 것으로 생각되므로 정보주체의 권리보장을 전제로 하되, 정보이용자가 당해 정보를 보다 가치 있게 이용(meaningful use)하도록 하는 신뢰에 기반한 법제도 마련이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.581-593
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of the work environments of dental hygienists to their occupational diseases in a bid to provide some information on their health care, health promotion and the prevention of occupational diseases. Methods : The subjects in this study were 300 dental hygienists who worked in Seoul, urban communities involving large cities and rural areas. One-on-one interviews and a self-administered survey were implemented with their consent. Results : The findings of the study were as follows: 1. 60 percent of the dental hygienists investigated replied that they had occupation-related physical symptoms. By the length of service, the dental hygienists who worked for six to 10 years had the most symptoms. 2. Out of the occupation-related symptoms, the most prevalent symptom was a pain in the shoulders and neck(41%), followed by a pain in the lower back, a pain in the legs, a pain in the wrists and skin diseases. The most painful parts of the body were hands and arms. 3. In regard to the relationship between the general characteristics and the intensity of pain, the highest group of the dental hygienists in Seoul replied that they had a severe pain, and the lowest number of those in the large cities gave the same answer. 4. Concerning the cause of occupational diseases, 65.7 percent cited the wrong posture. 5. As to relationship between the general characteristics and regular hospital-visit experiences for the prevention of pain during work hours, many of the dental hygienists who were in their 40s and 50s visited hospitals from time to time, and many of those in their 20s never did that. 6. In regard to links between the general characteristics and an opinion on the necessity of regular education, many of the respondents from Seoul and urban regions involving large cities considered it necessary to receive education on a regular basis. By daily work hours, the highest number of those who worked for eight hours or less considered that necessary, and lots of those who worked for 11 hours didn't consent to that. The gaps between them were statistically significant(p<0.05). Conclusions : Given the findings of the study, daily work hours and length of service were two integral factors to affect the regular hospital-visit experiences and pain, and the wrong posture was identified as the most common cause of occupational diseases. To ensure the successful prevention of occupational diseases, dental hygiene students should be taught the importance of occupational disease before they start to work, and supplementary education should be provided for dental hygienists to work in the right posture.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.255-264
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• 2005

This study is a descriptive research in investigating the perception of doctors and nurses with regard to DNR, and data were collected through survey questionnaires. The period of collecting data was between July 15 and October 30, 2004, distributing 128 questionnaires to 128 participants, and a total of 110 questionnaires from 55 doctors and 55 nurses were collected (86%)among 70 different hospitals. The collected data were analyzed using SAS program to get real number and percentage, and were also analyzed with $X^2$-test. The Study Results are as follows: 1. Respondents who agreed with the necessity of DNR was 97.27%, the reasons of DNR necessity were 59.20% of 'impossibility of recovery in spite of lots of efforts,' and 35.20% of 'for the purpose of choosing a comfortable and dignified death,' and 97.2% of respondents answered that it was necessary to give explanation of DNR to serious case patients, terminal patients and their family. 2. Problems derived from DNR decisions were 44.44% of 'lack of treatment and nursing,' 21.11% of 'guilty conscience about failing to do best efforts,' and 71.57% of CPR implementation right after DNR decision. 3. Reasons of implementing CRP for patients with DNR decision were 50.94% of 'for the presence of family and relatives at the point of patient's death,' 20.76% of 'guardian's change of DNR decision,' and 16.98% of 'no communication for the consent after DNR decision.' 4. With regard to who was to make DNR decision? there was a difference in the opinion between doctors' and nurses' group while the group of doctors chose 'by the consent of the family and the doctor in charge,' and the group of nurses chose 'patient's intension,' and with regard to Have you received DNR related education? and Will people who want DNR increase if there is explanation given? there was a difference between the two groups. 5. In the catholic institutions, respondents of 71.7% said that it was necessary to take DNR depending upon the situation, and 73% said that they had performed DNR before. 6. In the institutions with over 500 beds, 91.92% of respondents said that there should be an establishment of guideline book as a written format to implement DNR. From the results of this study, it was found that DNR was implemented and executed broadly in clinical fields in the absence of necessary instructions and/or guideline, and that DNR order was placed to the group of doctors who got less opportunity for proper education than did that of nurses.

• 의료법학
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.37-63
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• 2023

의료소송에서 의사의 환자에 대한 '설명'이 문제되는 경우는 다양하다. 진단의 초기부터 시작하여 수술 등의 치료과정, 치료를 위해 입원이 필요한 경우, 입원 중과 퇴원 시, 그리고 퇴원 후에 이르기까지 의학적인 설명과 지도가 의사에게 요구된다. 나아가 의료행위로 인하여 발생하게 될 경제적 비용에 대하여도 의사 혹은 의료기관의 고지가 요청되기도 한다. 우리나라 사법부는 이와 같은 의사의 설명에 대하여 진료의 단계 및 의료법 등 관계법령을 고려하여 의료행위에 대한 동의를 구하기 위한 설명과 환자의 요양방법 지도와 관련된 진료상 설명을 구분하여 법리를 전개해 오고 있다. 또한 헌법재판소는 경제적 비용에 관한 설명과 연계된 비급여 비용 고지 제도에 관하여 최근 판단하기도 하였다. 그런데 의사의 설명이 불충분하였다는 것만을 이유로 의사에게 책임을 추궁을 하는 것은 임상현실의 실제 상황과 부합하지 않는 측면이 존재하고, 오히려 의권의 위축을 초래하는 반사적인 불이익이 있을 수 있다. 따라서 의사의 설명은 환자의 자기결정권 보장과 의권 보호라는 양측면에서 살펴보아야 할 필요가 있다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제69권
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• pp.523-541
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• 2016

According to Chinese Arbitration Law, combination of mediation with arbitration means that in the process of arbitration, arbitrator may conduct mediation proceedings for the case they are handling, provided both parties agree to do so. If mediation succeeds and the parties reach a settlement agreement, the arbitrators may render a consent award or a written mediation statement in accordance with the contents of the settlement agreement. If mediation fails, the arbitration proceedings will be resumed until the case is concluded by making of an arbitral award. There is no formal name of this system in China, it is called "combination of mediation with arbitration", "mediation in arbitration process" or "arbitration-mediation", the author of this thesis select "arbitration-mediation" and make it simply as "Arb-Med". This thesis concentrates on three issues that arbitrators and the parties have to clarify and pay attention to once they choose to use Arb-Med. The first part is about the 'waivable problems', include waive the right to challenge a arbitrator who act as a mediator at the same time with parties' approval, as well as the question about the waiver of the arbitrator's duty to disclose confidential information obtained during mediation. The second part is 'public policy in Arb-Med', introduces the concept of public policy, the bias may arise the complaint about public policy, and the due procedure problem. And the last part is about the award deals with a difference not contemplated by or not falling within the terms of the submission to arbitration, or it contains decisions on matters beyond the scope of the submission to arbitration, especially about the award including some contents which has relation to third party's interests.