• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2016

Exogenous nucleic acids induce an innate immune response in mammalian host cells through activation of the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I). We evaluated RIG-I protein for RNA binding and ATPase stimulation with RNA ligands to investigate the correlation with the extent of immune response through RIG-I activation in cells. RIG-I protein favored blunt-ended, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) ligands over sticky-ended dsRNA. Moreover, the presence of the 5'-triphosphate (5'-ppp) moiety in dsRNA further enhanced binding affinity to RIG-I. Two structural motifs in RNA, blunt ends in dsRNA and 5'-ppp, stimulated the ATP hydrolysis activity of RIG-I. These structural motifs also strongly induced IFN expression as an innate immune response in cells. Therefore, we suggest that IFN induction through RIG-I activation is mainly determined by structural motifs in dsRNA that increase its affinity for RIG-I protein and stimulate ATPase activity in RIG-I.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.648-661
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• 2019

Thin fabric-based yacht sails have a cambered shape to generate lift force; however, their shape can be easily deformed by wind pressure and also affected by the deformation of the mast. These deformations can change the airflow characteristics over the sail. Therefore, Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) analysis is needed to evaluate the sail force precisely. In this study, airflow over the deformed sail and rig was studied using FSI. Elastic deformation of the sail and rig was obtained by an aerodynamic calculation under dynamic pressure loading on the sail surface. The effects of rig deformation on the aerodynamic performance of the sail were examined according to the rig type and mast flexibilities. As a result, the changes of lift force for a fractional type rig with a thin mast section were more significant than with a masthead rig.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.2014-2021
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• 2019

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) belongs to the genus Betacoronavirus and causes severe morbidity and mortality in humans especially when infected patients have underlying diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Previously, we demonstrated that MERS-CoV-encoded ORF8b strongly inhibits MDA5- and RIG-I-mediated induction of the interferon beta (IFN-β) promoter activities. Here, we report that ORF8b seemed to regulate MDA5 or RIG-I differentially as protein levels of MDA5 were significantly down-regulated while those of RIG-I were largely unperturbed. In addition, ORF8b seemed to efficiently suppress phosphorylation of IRF3 at the residues of 386 and 396 in cells transfected with RIG-I while total endogenous levels of IRF3 remained largely unchanged. Furthermore, ORF8b was able to inhibit all forms of RIG-I; full-length, RIG-I-1-734, and RIG-I-1-228, the last of which contains only the CARD domains. Taken together, it is tempting to postulate that ORF8b may interfere with the CARD-CARD interactions between RIG-I and MAVS. Further detailed analysis is required to delineate the mechanisms of how ORF8b inhibits the MDA5/RIG-I receptor signaling pathway.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2011

본 논문은 해양구조물 rig의 굴착시스템의 하부 부분의 3차원 모델링과 굴착과정의 시뮬레이션에 있다. 최근 조선사들은 높은 부가가치성과 신조의 감소로 인해 해양구조물 rig에 관심이 집중되고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 경우 해양구조물 rig의 기본 설계, 설치 및 운영은 외국회사들이 수행하고 있다. 따라서 굴착에 대한 지식과 정보를 얻기가 쉽지 않다. 본 논문에서는 해양구조물 rig의 핵심장비로 굴착장비, 폭발방지장치인 BOP, 시멘트 작업 및 머드 순환 장치 관련 장비들을 포함하였다. 이들의 구조와 기능은 객체지향기술 관점에서 분석하였다. 이 분석에 기초하여 3차원 소프트웨어 도구인 CATIA와 3DVIA Composer 를 이용하여 이 장비들을 모델링하였다. 굴착과정은 굴착작업의 시나리오에 따라 시뮬레이션되었다. 이 시뮬레이션 시스템은 해양플랜트 산업분야의 엔지니어와 학생들에게 교육도구로 유용하게 활용될 수 있다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회A
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• pp.1207-1212
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• 2007

The critical speed of railway bogie related to the stability of the railway rolling-stock is important. Testing of the dynamic performance of bogie is conducted using a roller rig in a laboratory in place of field testing on track. This roller rig is composed of two rollers equivalent to track and used to test the dynamic characteristics of vehicle. But, the geometrical characteristics of the wheel/roller contact on the roller rig are different from those of the wheel/rail contact because the longitudinal radius of roller is not infinite compared with rail. This difference has influence on the wheelset behavior and the critical speed of bogie. Therefore in this paper, we have studied the behavior of wheelset and bogie on the roller rig for railway bogie testing with the purpose of developing the scaled roller rig. As an analysis results, it has been shown that the critical speed of bogie on the roller rig is slightly lower than that of bogie on track.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2005

Roller test rig is the test facility for acquiring the data related dynamic characteristics of rolling stocks handily. The test method using roller test rig could be convenient to Set information about hunting and others rather than using field test. However, adopting this method brings about the inconvenient calibration process for measured data. This kind of additional effort results from the difference of contact condition between field test and test roller rig. In this paper, the numerical approach is used to get the amount of calibration. The analysis results of the field test are compared with results of the roller test rig to know what kind of alternation happens according to the change of contact condition.

• 기계저널
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• 제57권11호
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• pp.30-32
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• 2017

이 글에서는 한전 전력연구원에서 보유한 열충격 시험설비 ACRT(Automatic Combustion Rig Tester)와 Burner Rig Test Unit를 소개하고자 한다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.1136-1142
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• 2012

신재생에너지의 관심이 증가함에 따라 해상풍력발전시장이 확대되고 있다. 열악한 환경에서 해상풍력발전을 안전하게 설치하기 위해서는 jack-up rig를 이용한 작업이 이루어져야하며, 최근에는 기존 jack-up rig의 단점을 보완한 자체추진력을 가진 WTIV가 개발되었다. 이는 60 m이하의 연안에서 주로 작업이 이루어지며, 이러한 지역은 연약 점성토 및 사질토로 jack-up rig 작업 시 지반침하에 대한 안정성 검토가 선행되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 압밀이론을 고려하여 jack-up rig 작업이 연약지반에 미치는 영향을 FLAC3D를 이용하여 수치해석적인 연구를 진행하였다. 침하정도를 분석하고, 안정적인 jack-up rig 작업을 위해 재하방법을 달리하였다. 본 연구에서 적용한 차등재하방법 중 mid-loading 방법은 clay층에 유리하며, pre-loading 방법은 sand층에 유리한 결과가 나타났다.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.441-448
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• 2006

In-cylinder flows such as tumble and swirl play an important role on the engine combustion efficiencies and emission formations. The tumble flow, which is dominant in current high performance gasoline engines, is able to effect fuel consumptions and emissions under a partial load condition in addition to the volumetric efficiency under a wide open throttle condition. Therefore, it is important to optimize the tumble ratio of a gasoline engine for better fuel economy, lower emissions, and maximum volumetric efficiency. First step for optimizing a tumble ratio is to measure a tumble ratio accurately. For a tumble ratio measurement, many different methods have been developed and used such as steady flow rig, PIV, PTV, and LDV. However, it is not well known about the relations among the measured tumble ratios using different methods. The purpose of this research is to correlate the tumble ratios measured using three different methods and find out merits and demerits of each measurement method. In this research the tumble flow was measured, compared, and correlated using three different measurement methods at the same engine: steady flow rig; 2-dimensional PIV; and 3-dimensional PTV water flow rig.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1993년도 Proceedings of International Conference for Agricultural Machinery and Process Engineering
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• pp.227-238
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• 1993

IRRI Engineering Division has developed a well drilling rig attachment that matched power tiller or hand tractor. It was designed in response to the growing demand for ground water utilization for small-scale irrigation, especially in drought-sticken and rained farms in Asian countries. The power tiller-driven rig can drill 30 meters of 100mm well in an unconsolidated formation in one day and can be rapidly converted from rotary to jetting or to the percussion method of drilling to suit different soil and rock formation. In addition, the power tiller can be quickly installed or removed from the rig frame and can be used for transporting the rig to other sites. The rig can be dismantled into smaller sub-assemblies for carrying by hand into less accessible areas. One manufacturer in Central luzon Philippines has started to produce the rig for well drillers in Central Luzon. The Department of Agriculture in the Philippines have procured thirty three(33) units of these machines f r their Shallow Tubewell program.