• 농촌계획
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.171-182
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• 2016

Since FAO introduced the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS) in 2002, 36 sites of 15 countries so far have been listed on GIAHS. This study aims to find the important agricultural heritages of Korea and to prepare the methods for them to be selected as GIAHS. We have analyzed the proposals of the 36 GIAHS listed in order to study the characteristics of their components of the agricultural heritage which worked for being selected. To analyze the components of the agricultural heritage first, agricultural heritage was classified into 13 types and 42 components in light of GIAHS criteria. Then central themes were set to analyze the relevant contents in the proposals. They were, the type of GIAHS Site, significant agricultural landscape, the agriculture-forestry-fisheries-livestock linkage systems, the multi-layered, inter-cropping, circulation cultivation systems, the soil and water management systems, the conservation of agrobiological diversity and genetic resources, the history of the agricultural heritage, the succession of traditional farming techniques, the cultural diversity and so on. Most GIAHS are located in mountains, grasslands, rivers and coasts, desert than in plains, through which GIAHS assure us that it is the heritage of human challenge to overcome the harsh geographic environment and maintain a livelihood. In these sites the traditional farming techniques are carried on, such as mountain clearings, terraced rice paddies, and burn fields, and the unique irrigation systems and agricultural landscapes are well maintained, and the eco-friendly traditional farming techniques utilizing abundant forest resources and agriculture are well handed down. The origin or home of crop growing, a variety of genetic crop storage, the world's largest crop producer and preserving cultural diversity are also important factors for the selection.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.393-402
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of overweight and to compare the dietary behaviors, nutrient intake and physical activities of specialized game high school students. Total of 163 subjects participated and their weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference and bone status by a quantitative ultrasound method were measured. The subjects were surveyed by a self-administered questionnaire about general characteristics, dietary behaviors and physical activities. Nutrient intakes of the subjects were assessed by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The subjects were divided into four groups on their obesity level by BMI. The prevalence of underweight, normal, overweight and obese group was 6%, 58%, 16%, and 20% respectively. BMI was negatively correlated with bone mineral density (p < 0.01) and positively correlated with WHR (p < 0.01). The dietary guideline compliance score for "Enjoy Korean rice food style" was 2.63, followed by "Prepare food sanitarily"2.48, "Do not skip breakfast"2.29, "Eat a variety of vegetables, fruits, dairy products daily"2.25, "Drink water instead of beverage"2.10, "Choose less fried foods"2.09 and "Maintain healthy weight"1.91. The exercise frequency of walking was not significantly different between groups; however, heavy exercise frequency was significantly lower in underweight group than the other groups (p < 0.05). The energy intake was 2153 kcal, which was 81.2% of the Estimate Energy Requirement, and the intake of calcium and vitamin $B_2$ was 66.7% and 77.8% of KDRIs. Particularly, the intake of iron, vitamin A and vitamin C was about 59.4%, 52.2% and 55.4% of KDRIs and INQ was 0.71, 0.63 and 0.65 respectively, and intake of folic acid fell behind 39.1% of KDRIs and INQ was 0.46. Our study suggests that the systematic and continuous nutrition education will have to be provided at schools to improve dietary and health behaviors and prevent chronic metabolic disease for students of specialized game high school.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2014

Four actual cultivations were prepared and a variety of soybean was cultivated. A H-flume, an automatic water level gauge and an automatic water sampler were installed at the outlet of each plot equipped for the measurement of flow rate and its water quality. The amount of rainfall of the study area in 2013 was measured as 975.6 mm which was much lower than the annual average rainfall of 1,271.8 mm, resulting in less occurrences in rainfall-runoff events. Rainfall-runoff events were occurred three times during the rainfall event of 4~5 July, 23 and 24 August. The characteristics of NPS pollution discharge of the plots and the reduction effect of the selected BMPs were analyzed during these events. The reduction effect of straw mat and soil amendments (Polyacrylamide (PAM) and Gypsum) on runoff ratio ranged between 38.2 and 92.9% (average 71.6%). The NPS pollution load reduced between 27.7 and 95.1% (average 70.0%) by the application of rice straw mat and soil conditioner when compared with that of control plot. Soybean yield (2,133.3 kg/ha) of the straw mat covered plots increased by 14.3% when compared with control (1,866.7 kg/ha). The effect of straw mat on the yield was not economically viable if the material and accompanying labor costs were considered. The data collected and analyzed on different soil textures and crops in this study are expected to be a fundamental reference for the expansion of the results to the application nationwide and the development of NPS pollution management policies.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.39-48
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• 1978

The present study is concerned with nutritional status and palatability of the packed-lunch in elementary school children in Daejeon city. Rice and side dishes in the lunch box were weighed and the contained nutrients were analyzed by the Food Composition Table. The result of survey is as follows; 1) The means of nutritional values of 523 lunch boxes were calorie 562.48 Cal. percentage of the recommended dietary allowances.(79.11%), protein 19.16gr. (88.43%), animal protein 6.03gr. (83.50%), calcium 110.75mg (48.15%), iron 2.20mg. (56.15%), Vitamin A 328.16 I.U.. (49.22%), Vitamin $B_1$ 0.22mg. (59.45%), Vitamin $B_2$ 0.14mg (32.56%), Niacin 3.20mg. (68.08%), Vitamin C 9.79mg. (73.44%). All the nutrients are under the recommended dietary allowances. 2) The correlation between the boys and girls in the intake of protein, calcium, iron, Vitamin A, Vitamin $B_1$, Niacin index revealed statistical significancy at the level of P<0.01. 3) According to the intake of calorie, the ratio of carbohydrates, protein and fat is 78 : 14 : 8, which is excessive meal of carbohydrate. 4) Among the total intake of the protein consists of 30.20% for the boys and 32.90% for the girls. 5) The most favorite food for boys and girls from the packed-lunch is kimchi, egg, ham, sausage, cuttle-fish, laver and beef, and pork and pickles are most undesirable items. 6) The most favorite snack is bread, cake, ice cream, chocolate, fruits and milk. 7) Both boys and girls like Kimchi, fried and saute foods but dislike Namul (seasoned green vegetables) the most. 8. The side dishes of the packed·lunch lack in variety of cooking method.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.549-559
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• 2006

The present study determined the estimated dietary fiber (DF) intake per capita of Korean from 1991 to 2001 and analyzed the major food sources of dietary fiber for Korean using the data on per capita consumption of each food reported in the Korean National (Health and) Nutrition Survey Reports and the recently established DF database by the Korean Nutrition Society. The estimated mean daily DF intakes of Korean during the last 11 years $(1991{\sim}2001)$ were in the range of $19.25{\sim}21.22\;g\;or\;9.97{\sim}11.99\;g/1,000\;kcal$ with a small range of fluctuations. As of 2001, average DF intake per capita of Korean was estimated as 20.92 g or 10.59 g/1,000 kcal. The average DF intake level was under the Adequate Intake for DF (12 g per 1,000 kcal) of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for Koreans established in 2005. The level of DF intake was relatively lower in small city residents compared to the large city or rural area. The top two major food group sources of DF for Korean were vegetables and cereals, in addition, legumes, fruits, seaweeds and seasonings were included among top five food groups. The ratio of DF intake from fruits was gradually increased but the ratio from legumes was steadily decreased during the last 11 years. The mostly contributed single foods for DF intakes of Korean were Kimchi and rice regardless of year and area. Percentage of DF intake from top ten single foods was continuously decreased from 65% in 1991 to 51 % in 2001. The results of this study revealed that DF intakes of Korean as of 2001 is insufficient compared to the Adequate Intake for DF for Korean and the source of fiber in Korean diet has been more various. Therefore the beneficial health effects of DF and the increased consumption of DF from a variety of food sources should be continuously emphasized through the nutritional education.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.49-52
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• 2010

A DNA extraction method using Chelex 100 is widely used for bacteria, Chlamydomonas, and animal cell lines, but only rarely for plant materials due to the need for additional time-consuming and tedious steps. We have modified the Chelex 100 protocol and successfully developed a rapid and simple method of DNA extraction for efficient PCR-based detection of transgenes from a variety of transgenic plant and algal species. Our protocol consists of homogenizing plant tissue with a pestle, boiling the homogenized tissue in a microfuge tube with 5% Chelex 100 for 5 min, and centrifuging the boiled mixture. The supernatant, which is used for PCR analysis, was able to successfully amplify transgenes in transgenic tobacco, tomato, potato, Arabidopsis, rice, strawberry, Spirodela polyrhiza, Chlamydomonas, and Porphyra tenera. The entire DNA extraction procedure requires <15 min and is therefore comparable to that used for bacteria, Chlamydomonas, and animal cell lines.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.739-747
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to compare the dietary habit and nutrient intakes of Korean farmers according to their different family patterns and farming types. Food and nutrient intakes were obtained by food frequency method. The subjects(male 35%, female 65% : mean age, $48{\pm}11 years)$ were compared 46% of nuclear family, 59% of 3-4 person of family size ; 50% of middle-scale farming ; 54% of rice farming. Sixteen percent were over 60 years old group. In aspects of dietary habit, farmers of medium size farming and 10-20 years of farming experience frequently skipped meals. But their appetite was better than small farm famers. Dinner irregularity was more frequent in their group of 3-4 person families. The numbers of food intake were significantly different according to family pattern. Nuclear family groups consumed more kinds of foods. The mean energy intake was 2000Kcal/day, with PFC ratio of 19 : 16 : 65. The energy and nutrient intakes showed the same tendency as the food variety. Intakes of calcium and iron were lower than the Korean RDA. Families with over 5 people consumed higher amounts of protein and minerals. Intakes of thiamin, niacin, and vitamin E were better in large families and large-scale farming groups. As compared with the PMS ratio, the level of monounsaturated fatty acids as higher than saturated FA. The lipid intake was also better in large families and large-scale farming. The results suggest that dietary habit and nutrient intakes were different by family pattern and farming types.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.150-154
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• 1982

중질소요소(重窒素尿素)를 사용(使用) 3품종(品種)에 대(對)한 분시시험(分施試驗)을 폿드에서 수행하였다. 2회분시(回分施)는 4회분시(回分施)보다 통일계(統一系)에 월등히 좋았다. 시비효율(Fe), 이용율(利用率) 및 흡수시비질소효율(吸收施肥窒素效率)(Ef)은 4회분시(回分施)보다 2회분시(回分施)에서 월등히 컸다. Fe의 순위는 Ef의 순위와 같았다. 수량(收量)과 중질소과잉율(重素窒過利率)은 통일계(統一系)가 생육초기(生育初期)에 시용질소(施用窒素)를 많이 흡수(吸收)하여 후기(後期)에 상당히 재전류(再轉流)시킴을 나타내었다. 흡수시비질소(吸收施肥窒素)에 대(對)한 토양질소흡수증가량(土壤窒素吸收增加量) $({\Delta}Ns/Nf)$은 시비(施肥)로 인(因)한 토양질소이용율(土壤窒素利用率)의 지표(指標)가 될 수 있다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.142-149
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• 1982

유수형성기추비(幼穗形成期追肥)(30%)한 표식질소(慓識窒素)의 이용율(利用率)은 $23{\sim}61%$(5개포장(個圃場))였으며 품종간차이(品種間差異)가 없었다. 고수답(高收沓)에서 추비질소(追肥窒素)의 이용율(利用率)이 컸으며 식물체내비료(植物體內肥料) 유래질소(由來窒素)의 50% 이상(以上)이 유수형성기이후(幼穗形成期以後)에 흡수(吸收)된 것으로 보였다. 정조(正租)에서 중질소과잉율(重窒素過剩率)이 가장 컸으며 이는 추비(追肥)된 질소(窒素)가 정조(正租)로 쉽게 전류(轉流)됨을 나타낸다. 일반계(一般系)보다 통일계(統一系)에서 정조(正租)와 엽간(葉間)의 중질소과잉율(重窒素過剩率)의 차이(差異)가 커서 통일계(統一系)에서 질소(窒素)의 전류(轉流)가 빠른것을 나타낸다. 지상부추비유래질소(地上部追肥由來窒素)는 $14{\sim}27%$였다. 특별(特別)한 관리(管理)를 한다면 포장조건(圃場條件)에서 중질소이용(重窒素利用)한 시험(試驗)은 처리당(處理當) 2구(區)에 구당(區當) 3주(株)로 충분(充分)할 것 같다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.145-158
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• 2017

Objectives: The importance of kimchi as a traditional food in Korean cuisine has gradually decreased due to rapid industrialization, economic growth and changes in dietary patterns in Korea. This study aimed to examine the shifts in kimchi consumption by region and by income level between 2005 and 2015 in Korea. Methods: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys III (2005) and VI (2015) were used in the study (n=15,558). Intake of kimchi was estimated using a single 24-hour dietary recall. The sample weights were applied in all analyses to reflect population estimates. All statistical analyses were carried out by using SPSS IBM Statistics 20. Results: Kimchi intake has significantly decreased by 27.6 g/day per capita during the last decade in Korea; 25.0 g for males and 29.9 g for females, respectively. Over the past decade, the decline of kimchi intake has been particularly significant in Seoul, Busan, Incheon, Gyeonggi, and Gwangju, while there has been no significant change in males living in rural areas. The consumption of kimchi across all income levels has decreased, however, the decrease was higher in 'middle and low income level'. The amount of kimchi consumption in 2015 was the highest in 'low income level'. The results were similar after adjusting for gender and age. Conclusions: For the past decade, the overall intake of kimchi in Korea has decreased, however, it has been found that the decrease of kimchi intake for males living in the rural areas was not significant. Therefore, in order to keep our traditional kimchi culture and promote a balanced diet including kimchi for Korean, it is necessary to develop more efficient policies and approaches. A variety of dishes using kimchi should be developed, besides merely serving kimchi with rice as a side dish, to increase the consumption of kimchi.