• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.325-331
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• 2023

α₁-adrenoceptors link via the G-protein Gq/G₁₁ to both Ca²⁺ entry and release from stores, but may also activate Rho kinase, which causes calcium sensitization. This study aimed to identify the subtype(s) of α₁-adrenoceptor involved in Rho kinase-mediated responses in both rat aorta and mouse spleen, tissues in which contractions involve multiple subtypes of α₁-adrenoceptor. Tissues were contracted with cumulative concentrations of noradrenaline (NA) in 0.5 log unit increments, before and in the presence of an antagonist or vehicle. Contractions produced by NA in rat aorta are entirely α₁-adrenoceptor mediated as they are competitively blocked by prazosin. The α_1A-adrenoceptor antagonist RS100329 had low potency in rat aorta. The α_1D-adrenoceptor antagonist BMY7378 antagonized contractions in rat aorta in a biphasic manner: low concentrations blocking α_1D-adrenoceptors and high concentrations blocking α_1B-adrenoceptors. The Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil (10 µM) significantly reduced aortic contractions in terms of maximum response, suggesting inhibition of α_1B-adrenoceptor mediated responses. In the mouse spleen, a tissue in which all 3 subtypes of α₁-adrenoceptor are involved in contractions to NA, fasudil (3 µM) significantly reduced both early and late components to the NA contraction, the early component involving α_1B- and α_1D-adrenoceptors, and the late component involving α_1B- and α_1A-adrenoceptors. This suggests that fasudil inhibits α_1B-adrenoceptor mediated responses. It is concluded that α_1D- and α_1B-adrenoceptors interact in rat aorta and α_1D-, α_1A- and α_1B-adrenoceptors interact in the mouse spleen to produce contractions and these interactions suggest that one of the receptors preferentially activates Rho kinase, most likely the α_1B-adrenoceptor.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.175-178
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• 2005

In the present paper, we observe a relation between fuzzy norms and induced crisp norms on a linear space. We first prove that if $\rho_1,\;\rho_2$ are equivalent fuzzy norms on a linear space, then for every $\varepsilon\in(0.1)$, the induced crisp norms $P_\varepsilon^1,\;and\;P_\varepsilon^2$, respectively are equivalent. Since the converse does not hold, we prove it under some strict conditions. And consider the following theorem proved in [8]: Let $\rho$ be a lower semicontinuous fuzzy norm on a normed linear space X, and have the bounded support. Then $\rho$ is equivalent to the fuzzy norm $\chi_B$ where B is the closed unit ball of X. The lower semi-continuity of $\rho$ is an essential condition which guarantees the continuity of $P_\varepsilon$, where 0 < e < 1. As the last result, we prove that : if $\rho$ is a fuzzy norm on a finite dimensional vector space, then $\rho$ is equivalent to $\chi_B$ if and only if the support of $\rho$ is bounded.

• 천문학회보
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• 제16권
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• pp.5-5
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• 1991

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.161-170
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• 2018

In this paper, we introduce and solve the following additive (${\rho}_1,{\rho}_2$)-functional inequality (0.1) $${\parallel}f(x+y+z)-f(x)-f(y)-f(z){\parallel}{\leq}{\parallel}{\rho}_1(f(x+z)-f(x)-f(z)){\parallel}+{\parallel}{\rho}_2(f(y+z)-f(y)-f(z)){\parallel}$$, where ${\rho}_1$ and ${\rho}_2$ are fixed nonzero complex numbers with ${\mid}{\rho}_1{\mid}+{\mid}{\rho}_2{\mid}$ < 2. Using the fixed point method and the direct method, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of the additive (${\rho}_1,{\rho}_2$)-functional inequality (0.1) in complex Banach spaces.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2017

In this paper, we introduce and solve the following additive (${\rho}_1$, ${\rho}_2$)-functional inequality $${\Large{\parallel}}2f(\frac{x+y}{2})-f(x)-f(y){\Large{\parallel}}{\leq}{\parallel}{\rho}_1(f(x+y)+f(x-y)-2f(x)){\parallel}+{\parallel}{\rho}_2(f(x+y)-f(x)-f(y)){\parallel}$$ where ${\rho}_1$ and ${\rho}_2$ are fixed nonzero complex numbers with $\sqrt{2}{\mid}{\rho}_1{\mid}+{\mid}{\rho}_2{\mid}<1$. Using the fixed point method and the direct method, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of the additive (${\rho}_1$, ${\rho}_2$)-functional inequality (1) in complex Banach spaces.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.403-409
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 마이크로셀 환경에서 상향경로(Up- Link)에서의 면파 다이버시티 기법 적용에 필요한 파라미 터인 교차편파 변별도(cross polarization discrimination: XPD). 신호상관계수(signal correlation coefficient:$\rho$). 수신선호 감쇠값(received signal decrease) 등을 측정을 통하여 분석하였다. 1.9 GHz에서 측정되었으며 빌딩밀집지역, 주택밀집지역. 상권지역, 학교지역 등 서울 도심지역의 여러 환경에서 자료들을 수집하였다. 자료분석 결과 교차편파 변별도(XPD)는 환경에 따라 6~11 dB 측정되었고, 신호상관계수($\rho$)는 0.7보다 낮았으며, 수신선호 감쇠값은 3dB보다 작았다. 공간 다이버시티와 성능비교 분석결과. 편파 다이버시티 이득이 환경에 따라 2-5 dB 정도 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 그러므로, 편파 다이버시티 기법은 마이크로 셀 환경에서 효과적으로 사용될 수 있는 다이버시티 기법으로 판단된다

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.429-436
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 부분 대역 잡음 재밍이 존재하는 직교성 비동기 FH-BFSK 통신시스댐의 성능을 분석하였다. 그리고 전체 확산대역에서의 재밍대역 비융인 $\rho$값의 변화할 때 처리이득에 따른 비트에러확률을 분석하였다. 분석결과를 수치해석과 SPW를 이용한 컴퓨터 시율레이션을 수행하여 성능을 평가하였다. JSR이 lOdB일 때 시스템의 SNR이 lOdB이하라면 높은 처리이득에서도 error floor가 발생하여 요구하는 성능을 실현할 수 없었으며 SNR이 12 dB이상에서는 $\rho$의 변화에 따라 요구하는 에러확률를 만족하는 처리이득이 달라짐을 알 수 있다.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2000

The main goal of this paper is to prove the following theorem ; Let (X, ${\rho}_1$) be a fuzzy normed linear space over K and (Y, ${\rho}_2$) be a fuzzy Banach space over K. If ${\chi}_{B_{{\parallel}{\cdot}{\parallel}}}{\supseteq}{\rho}*$, then (CF(X,Y), ${\rho}*$) is a fuzzy Banach space, where ${\rho}*(f)={\vee}{\lbrace}{\theta}{\wedge}\frac{1}{t({\theta},f)}\;{\mid}\;{\theta}{\in}(0,1){\rbrace}$, $f{\in}CF(X,Y)$, $B_{{\parallel}{\cdot}{\parallel}}$ is the closed unit ball on (CF(X, Y), ${\parallel}{\cdot}{\parallel}$ and ${\parallel}f{\parallel}={\vee}{\lbrace}P^2_{{\alpha}^-}(f(x))\;{\mid}\;P^1_{{\alpha}^-}(x)=1,\;x{\in}X{\rbrace}$, $f{\in}CF(X,Y)$, ${\alpha}{\in}(0,1)$.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제25권4B호
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• pp.624-628
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 CDMA 단말기의 전기적 성능에 관한 최소의 요구 사항을 명기한 IS-98B의 항목에서 CDMA 파형의 질(Waveform Quality)을 규정하는 항목인 트래픽로(Traffic Rho)가 최소 성능에 만족하지 않을 경우 CDMA 단말기에 나타나는 현상을 분석하고, CDMA단말기 디자인시 단말기 송신부의 IF(Intermediate Frequency)단에서 TX IF SAW FILTER의 매칭회로를 개선하고 송신단 전원인 3.0V -TX를 발생시키는 LDO(Low Dropout Regulator)의 노이즈 발생을 차단하여 트래픽로 문제 해결방법을 제안한다. 제안 방법을 적용한 후의 파형과 적용전의 파형을 HP8924C 와 HP8595E을 이용하여 비교하여 성능을 개선됨을 보였다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.219-227
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• 2018

In this paper, we solve the additive ${\rho}$-functional equations $$(0.1)\;f(x+y)+f(x-y)-2f(x)={\rho}\left(2f\left({\frac{x+y}{2}}\right)+f(x-y)-2f(x)\right)$$, where ${\rho}$ is a fixed non-Archimedean number with ${\mid}{\rho}{\mid}$ < 1, and $$(0.2)\;2f\left({\frac{x+y}{2}}\right)+f(x-y)-2f(x)={\rho}(f(x+y)+f(x-y)-2f(x))$$, where ${\rho}$ is a fixed non-Archimedean number with ${\mid}{\rho}{\mid}$ < |2|. Furthermore, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of the additive ${\rho}$-functional equations (0.1) and (0.2) in non-Archimedean Banach spaces.