• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1328-1332
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• 2009

An activity-guided fractionation method was used to isolate anticancer components from Nuruk (Rhizopus oryzae KSD-815:KSD-815). Dried powder of KSD-815 was extracted with 80% methanol and partitioned successively using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. The n-hexane and n-butanol fractions showed a strong antimigratory effect on human cancer cells. Both of these fractions were subjected to separation and purification procedures using silica gel, octadecyl silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies to afford four purified compounds. These were identified as ergosterol peroxide (1), stigmast-5-en-$3\beta$,$7\beta$-diol (2), ergosta-7,22-dien-$3\beta$,$5\alpha$,$6\beta$,$9\alpha$-tetraol (3), and daucosterol (4), respectively, by spectroscopic methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, mass spectrometry, and infrared spectroscopy, and comparison with those in the literature. Compounds 1-4 were isolated from KSD-815 for the first time. Compounds 1 and 4 inhibited the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells at concentrations lower than $20\;{\mu}M$.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.392-397
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• 1984

Rhiz. oryzae가 생산(生産) 정제효소(精製酵素) glucoamylase I (G I) 과 glucoamylase II (G II) 의 gel filtration에 의(依)하여 추정(推定)된 분자량(分子量)은 120,000, 127,000이었다. glucoamylase I 과 II 의 등전점(等電点)은 각각(各各) pH 7.25. pH 7.75 이었고 반응(反應) 최적온도(最適溫度)는 다같이 $50^{\circ}C$, 안정온도범위(安定溫度範圍) 는 다같이 pH5.0부근(附近)이었으며 안정(安定)pH범위(範圍)는 각각(各各) $pH3.5{\sim}8.0$, $pH4.5{\sim}8.0$이었다. 가용성전분(可溶性澱粉)에 대(對)한 Michaelis 상수는 glucoamylase I 이 4.545mg/ml, glucoamylase II 가 5.560mg/ml이었다. glucoamylase I 은 $Hg^{++}$, $Pb^{++}$, p-CMB, IAA에 의하여, glucoamylase II는 $Hg^{++}$, $Mn^{++}$, p-CMB, IAA에 의하여 저해(沮害)되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.157-160
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• 2003

To estimate genetic relationships within the genus Rhizopus, genetic variations in 20 strains were investigated by DGGE and PCR-RFLP of rDNA ITS region (ITSI, ITS2,5.8S). The size of the amplified products showed the interspecific polymorphisms, 650 bp,700 bp, and 900 bp. The DGGE approach allowed the separation of PCR amplicons of the same length according to their sequence variations. When the rDNA ITS region was digested with six restriction enzymes, 20 strains were classified into five RFLP haplotypes. The range of similarity between the 20 strains by PCR-RFLP was 42.3-100%. Based on the results of DGGE aud PCR-RFLP, the 20 strains were divided into four groups, R. oryzae, R. stolonifer, R. microsporus and R. homothallicus. Further study of R. homothallicus is required.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.172-187
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• 1993

전국 각지에서 수거한 메주로부터 29 종의 곰팡이를 분리하였다 . 그 중 접합균은 9 종이였다. 동정된 접합균으로는 M. hiemalis, M. circinelloides f. griseo-cyanus, M. circinelloides, M. jansseni M. racemosus f. racemosus, M. isabellina, R. stolonifer, R. oryzae, 및 A. corymbifera으로 4 속 9 종이었다. 분리된 접합균종 중에서M. circinelloides f. griseo-cyanus, R. stolonifer, R. oryzae은 이미 우리의 재래식 메주에 서식하는 균으로 간장, 된장 등의 장류분야에서 연구 보고도 되었으나, 나머지 6 종은 새로이 기재되는 균들이다. 분리된 9개의 균 각각으로 메주와 간장 된장을 만든 결과 접합균 중, M. hiemalis f. hiemalis. 와 M. circinelloides f. griseo-cyanus는 단독으로 메주가 되고, 우리 구미에 맞는 간장 된장이 되는 것을 관찰하였다. 따라서 이 균은 메주에서 어떤 역할을 하는 것으로 고려된다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.114-114
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• 2012

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.1278-1284
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• 2016

Rhizopus chinensis cells immobilized on loofah (Luffa cylindrica) sponges were used to produce biodiesel via the transesterification of soybean oil. In whole-cell immobilization, loofah sponge is considered to be a superior alternative to conventional biomass carriers because of its biodegradable and renewable properties. During cell cultivation, Rhizopus chinensis mycelia can spontaneously and firmly adhere to the surface of loofah sponge particles. The optimal conditions for processing 9.65 g soybean oil at 40℃ and 180 rpm using a 3:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio were found to be 8% cell addition and 3-10% water content (depending on the oil's weight). Under optimal conditions, an over 90% methyl ester yield was achieved after the first reaction batch. The operational stability of immobilized Rhizopus chinensis cells was assayed utilizing a 1:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio, thus resulting in a 16.5-fold increase in half-life when compared with immobilized cells of the widely studied Rhizopus oryzae. These results suggest that transesterification of vegetable oil using Rhizopus chinensis whole cells immobilized onto loofah sponge is an effective approach for biodiesel production.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.176-182
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• 1999

콩알메주 발효의 pilot system에 M. circinlloides, M. hiemalis, R. oryzae, R. stolonifer를 각각 접종하여 45시간 발효시킨 후 메주의 효소활성, 영양성분, 향기 성분 등을 분석하고 발효된 메주로 한식간장을 제조하여 제품의 관능을 평가하였다. 메주의 pH는 $7.16{\sim}8.38$, 환원당은 $0.54{\sim}2.64%$, 아미노태질소는 $93{\sim}312\;mg%$, 유리지방산은 $0.06{\sim}2.00%$의 수준이었으며 아미노산, 유리당, 지방산, 유기산의 분석 결과, 각 균주에 따라 특징적인 구성비를 보여주었다. Amylase 활성과 당류의 분해도는 R. oryzae가, protease 활성은 R. stolonifer가 가장 높았으며 lipase 활성과 지질의 분해도는 각 균주별로 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 메주의 향기 성분 분석 결과 Mucor속 균주들은 Aspergillus와 비슷한 향기성분을 생산하는 것으로 조사되었고 Rhizopus속 균주들은 Bacillus의 특징적인 향기성분으로 알려진 benzaldehyde, pyrazine류 화합물과 함께 Aspergillus에서만 특징적으로 검출된 dl-limonene, 2,3-butanediol 등도 검출되어 Aspergillus와 Bacillus의 특성을 공유하는 것으로 조사되었다. 각 메주로 간장을 제조한 결과, M. hiemalis와 R. stolonifer 실험구가 좋은 관능평가를 보여 이 두 균주를 이용한 콩알메주로 한식간장을 제조할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.363-366
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• 2004

In order to obtain an industrial strain with higher L(+)-lactic acid yield, the wild type strain Rhizopus oryzae PW352 was mutated by means of Nitrogen ions implantation (l5 Kev, $7.8 \times 10^{14} - 2.08 \times 10^{15} ions/Cm^2$ and two mutants RE3303 and RF9052 were isolated. After 36 h shake-flask cultivation, the concentration of L(+)-lactic acid reached 131-136 g/l, the conversion rate of glucose was as high as 86%-90% and the productivity was 3.61 g/l.h. It was almost a 75% increase in lactic acid production compared with the wild type strain. Maximum fermentation temperature of RF9052 was increased to $45^{\circ}C$ from original $36^{\circ}C$. At the same time, the preferred range of fermentation temperature of RF9052 was broadened compared with PW352.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.219-227
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• 2023

This study was conducted to analyze the distribution and characteristics of fungal species in meju using the traditional method. Fungal distribution in meju was investigated using metagenomic and morphological analyses, based on which Aspergillus flavus/oryzae strains were identified as the dominant fungi in all meju samples, followed by Pichia, Rhizopus and Lichtheimia spp. As A. flavus/oryzae was dominant, we further evaluated the aflatoxin production ability and enzymatic activity of the isolates. Thin-layer chromatography and polymerase chain reaction revealed that the A. flavus/oryzae strains isolated from meju are non-aflatoxigenic fungi. Based on the analyses of amylase and protease activities, strains with high activities of amylase or protease were identified, which are proposed to be used as starters for meju fermentation.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.221-226
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• 2016

A new type of doenjang was manufactured by mixing soaked soybean, koji (Rhizopus oryzae), cheonggukjang (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MJ1-4 and B. amyloliquefaciens EMD17), and Pichia farinosa SY80 as a yeast, salt, and water, followed by fermentation with koji that was made by fermenting whole wheat with R. oryzae. The mixed culture doenjang was designed to have a more palatable flavor and stronger biological activities than the conventional product. The extract of mixed culture doenjang showed higher antioxidant activity than the commercial doenjang as evaluated by the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay although it was not significantly different from the commercial product in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging activities. Further, the mixed culture doenjang reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and protected cells from glutamate-induced cytotoxicity more efficiently in human hippocampal HT22 neuroblastoma cells than the commercial doenjang. In conclusion, a newly-developed mixed culture doenjang had a strong antioxidant activity in vitro and cultured cell model systems, exhibited a potential to prevent oxidative stress-associated disorders although animal and clinical studies are needed to confirm its in vivo efficacy.