• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• v.24 no.8
• /
• pp.739-751
• /
• 2023

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the accuracy of preoperative breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features and tumor-to-nipple distance (TND) for diagnosing occult nipple-areolar complex (NAC) involvement in breast cancer. Materials and Methods: The MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for articles published until March 20, 2022, excluding studies of patients with clinically evident NAC involvement or those treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Study quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool. Two reviewers independently evaluated studies that reported the diagnostic performance of MRI imaging features such as continuity to the NAC, unilateral NAC enhancement, non-mass enhancement (NME) type, mass size (> 20 mm), and TND. Summary estimates of the sensitivity and specificity curves and the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve of the MRI features for NAC involvement were calculated using random-effects models. We also calculated the TND cutoffs required to achieve predetermined specificity values. Results: Fifteen studies (n = 4002 breast lesions) were analyzed. The pooled sensitivity and specificity (with 95% confidence intervals) for NAC involvement diagnosis were 71% (58-81) and 94% (91-96), respectively, for continuity to the NAC; 58% (45-70) and 97% (95-99), respectively, for unilateral NAC enhancement; 55% (46-64) and 83% (75-88), respectively, for NME type; and 88% (68-96) and 58% (40-75), respectively, for mass size (> 20 mm). TND had an area under the SROC curve of 0.799 for NAC involvement. A TND of 11.5 mm achieved a predetermined specificity of 85% with a sensitivity of 64%, and a TND of 12.3 mm yielded a predetermined specificity of 83% with a sensitivity of 65%. Conclusion: Continuity to the NAC and unilateral NAC enhancement may help predict occult NAC involvement in breast cancer. To achieve the desired diagnostic performance with TND, a suitable cutoff value should be considered.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.483-492
• /
• 2012

Objective: The aim of this study is to suggest three-dimensional(3D) hand gesture taxonomy to organize the user's intention of his/her decisions on deriving a certain gesture systematically. Background: With advanced technologies of gesture recognition, various researchers have studied to focus on deriving intuitive gestures for commands from users. In most of the previous studies, the users' reasons for deriving a certain gesture for a command were only used as a reference to group various gestures. Method: A total of eleven studies which categorized gestures accompanied by speech were investigated. Also a case study with thirty participants was conducted to understand gesture-features which derived from the users specifically. Results: Through the literature review, a total of nine gesture-features were extracted. After conducting the case study, the nine gesture-features were narrowed down a total of seven gesture-features. Conclusion: Three-dimensional hand gesture taxonomy including a total of seven gesture-features was developed. Application: Three-dimensional hand gesture taxonomy might be used as a check list to understand the users' reasons.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.65-86
• /
• 2021

This study aims to develop a hanbok design method in response to recent changes in consumption trends that emphasize new aesthetic and cultural values, which contrast with the existing cultural order and repetitive normative styles in fashion designing. With this in mind, our study explores the main features of deconstruction fashion design as a theoretical guide for developing a methodology for deconstruction hanbok design, on the basis of which new, experimental and creative hanbok design works can be produced. To do this, we first investigate current trends in hanbok design and changing concepts of Korean fashion design through literature review of previous studies. Secondly, we explore deconstructionism and analyze its features to lay down the foundation for a post-modern approach in hanbok design. As the result of analysis, the main features of deconstruction fashion design are summarized as the following: 1) non-finishing, 2) decomposing and recomposing, 3) recycling, 4) transparent, 5) grunge, 6) flattening, and 7) exaggeration. Based on the identified core features of deconstruction fashion design, we develop a creative method of hanbok design in the context of modern Korean fashion design. Finally, we show five design outputs via a 3D digital fashion design process using the CLO3D software program.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.224-241
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to review the research trends in school environmental education. We analyzed 383 research papers that specifically focused on the school context which were 66% of the total number (N=577) published in this journal between 1990~2011. We defined the characteristics of review and developed a review method by examining previous review studies in this area. The review framework for school environmental education research was devised in terms of seven research areas: 1) Theories and objectives of school environmental education, 2) Environmental awareness, attitude and behavior, 3) Current issues in environmental education in the school context, 4) Instructions and programs, 5) National Curriculum, 6) Environmental education contents, and 7) Teacher professionalism. In this paper, we present dominant features within each category with focus on the overall trends of research methods and themes. Finally, we discuss research issues emerging out of the empirical analysis for considering the value of research for enhancing the quality of environmental education in schools.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.35 no.9
• /
• pp.1099-1111
• /
• 2011

This study identified the types of consumer review information about apparel products based on consumer satisfaction/dissatisfaction with the availability/non-availability of consumer review information for online stores. Data were collected from 318 females aged 20s' to 30s', who had significant experience in reading consumer reviews posted on online stores. Consumer satisfaction/dissatisfaction with availability or non-availability of review information on online stores is different for information in regards to apparel product attributes, product benefits, and store attributes. According to the concept of quality elements suggested by the Kano model, two types of consumer review information were determined: Must-have information (product attribute information about size, fabric, color and design of the apparel product; benefit information about washing & care and comport of the apparel product; store attribute information about responsiveness, disclosure, delivery and after service of the store) and attracting information (attribute information about price comparison; benefit information about coordination with other items, fashionability, price discounts, value for price, reaction from others, emotion experienced during transaction, symbolic features for status, health functionality, and eco-friendly feature; store attribute information about return/refund, damage compensation and reputation/credibility of online store and interactive and dynamic nature of reviews among customers). There were significant differences between the high and low involvement groups in their perceptions of consumer review information.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.105-113
• /
• 2014

A subset of mammalian genes differ functionally between two alleles due to genomic imprinting, and seven such genes (Peg3, Usp29, APeg3, Zfp264, Zim1, Zim2, Zim3) are localized within the 500-kb genomic interval of the human and mouse genomes, constituting the Peg3 imprinted domain. This Peg3 domain shares several features with the other imprinted domains, including an evolutionarily conserved domain structure, along with transcriptional co-regulation through shared cis regulatory elements, as well as functional roles in controlling fetal growth rates and maternal-caring behaviors. The Peg3 domain also displays some unique features, including YY1-mediated regulation of transcription and imprinting; conversion and adaptation of several protein-coding members as ncRNA genes during evolution; and its close connection to human cancers through the potential tumor suppressor functions of Peg3 and Usp29. In this review, we summarize and discuss these features of the Peg3 domain.

• The Journal of Information Systems
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.21-36
• /
• 2011

The Web has become an excellent source for gathering consumer opinions. There are now numerous Web sites containing such opinions, e.g., customer reviews of products, forums, discussion groups, and blogs. This paper focuses on online customer reviews of products. It makes some contributions. Especially it proposes minimalism and chunking framework for analyzing and comparing consumer opinions of competing products. Users are able to clearly see the strengths and weaknesses of each product in the minds of consumers in terms of various product features. This comparison is useful to both potential customers and product manufacturers. For a product manufacturer, the comparison enables it to easily gather marketing intelligence and product benchmarking information. In this paper, we only focus on mining opinion/product features that the reviewers have commented on. Five types of online review presentations are presented to mine such features. Our experimental results show that these techniques are useful to identify customers' opinions and trends.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.186-193
• /
• 2017

In mammals, cap-dependent translation of mRNAs is initiated by two distinct mechanisms: cap-binding complex (CBC; a heterodimer of CBP80 and 20)-dependent translation (CT) and eIF4E-dependent translation (ET). Both translation initiation mechanisms share common features in driving cap- dependent translation; nevertheless, they can be distinguished from each other based on their molecular features and biological roles. CT is largely associated with mRNA surveillance such as nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), whereas ET is predominantly involved in the bulk of protein synthesis. However, several recent studies have demonstrated that CT and ET have similar roles in protein synthesis and mRNA surveillance. In a subset of mRNAs, CT preferentially drives the cap-dependent translation, as ET does, and ET is responsible for mRNA surveillance, as CT does. In this review, we summarize and compare the molecular features of CT and ET with a focus on the emerging roles of CT in translation.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.5-12
• /
• 2019

Organismal aging is accompanied by a host of progressive metabolic alterations and an accumulation of senescent cells, along with functional decline and the appearance of multiple diseases. This implies that the metabolic features of cell senescence may contribute to the organism's metabolic changes and be closely linked to age-associated diseases, especially metabolic syndromes. However, there is no clear understanding of senescent metabolic characteristics. Here, we review key metabolic features and regulators of cellular senescence, focusing on mitochondrial dysfunction and anabolic deregulation, and their link to other senescence phenotypes and aging. We further discuss the mechanistic involvement of the metabolic regulators mTOR, AMPK, and GSK3, proposing them as key metabolic switches for modulating senescence.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• v.52 no.4
• /
• pp.421-427
• /
• 2022

McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is a rare multisystem disorder characterized by a clinical triad of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (FD), skin pigmentation, and hyperfunctioning endocrinopathies. A 42-year-old man visited our medical hospital for the treatment of intermittent headaches and was diagnosed with MAS with acromegaly. This patient showed various clinical features of MAS, including pituitary adenoma, polyostotic FD, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The FD lesions showed characteristic radiographic features, such as widespread, sclerotic bony lesions in the cranial bones, mixed radiolucent-radiopaque multilocular lesions in the mandible, and radiolucent lesions in the axial and appendicular skeleton. Over the years, the patient had been hospitalized multiple times due to accidental bony fractures associated with the fragile bony state of FD. This report presents a retrospective description of a case of MAS, with a review of the relevant literature.