• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.66-72
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• 2018

Objectives: Desmoplastic melanoma of the oral cavity is an extremely rare condition that is often confused on initial diagnosis with non-melanotic benign lesion or spindle cell tumors. The purpose of this article was to raise awareness of the disease using a literature review. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 19 desmoplastic melanoma cases reported in the literature and added our experience. Data on clinical, histopathology, treatment, and survival were retrieved and analyzed. Survival analysis was by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Initial clinical and histopathological features were indistinctive, and a definite diagnosis of desmoplastic melanoma at initial assessment was possible in only 23.5% of cases. Among tests, immunohistochemical studies for S-100 and vimentin were all positive. The 5-year disease-free survival rate for oral desmoplastic melanoma was 0%, and the 5-year overall survival rate was 55.0%. Conclusion: Oral desmoplastic melanoma has a high percentage of initial misdiagnosis and propensity for local recurrence. Thus, careful initial diagnosis and adequate surgery may result in improved overall survival.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.370-377
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• 2017

Molar-incisor malformation (MIM) is a recently described dental anomaly characterized by root malformation in permanent first molars accompanied sometimes by abnormal root forms in primary second molars or enamel defects in maxillary central incisors. This report presents three cases of MIM along with a review of previous studies. Three patients exhibited abnormal root forms in the permanent first molars, with varying degrees of deformation. Two of the patients experienced medical events at birth. One of the patients was a monozygotic twin, whose twin sister exhibited normal dentition without any significant abnormalities. The present report also reviews recently reported cases of MIM in literature. In the management of MIM-associated clinical issues, consideration of microscopic features and accompanying characteristics might facilitate early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment planning.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.129-135
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• 2001

Purpose: Dysplasia or flat adenoma of the stomach is regarded as a precancerous lesion. However, the frequency and the evolutionary process of malignant transformation of gastric dysplasia are still debated. In order to see whether the lesion was a monoclonal or a polyclonal proliferation, clonality was assayed by X-linked HUMARA polymorphism. Materials and Methods: DNA was extracted from the paraffin-embedded tissue of 16 consecutive cases of endoscopic biopsy, eight of which supplied both dysplastic and nondysplastic tissue for comparison. HUMARA was amplified by PCR with or without pretreatment with methylationsensitive restriction enzyme, HpaII. The amplification products were electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gel and silver-stained. Results: Among the 16 cases, 13 cases were informative and 3 cases noninformative. Of the 13 cases, one case showed skewed lyonization, rendering 12 cases to be analyzed further. A monoclonal band pattern was noted in 2 cases, and a polyclonal band pattern in 10 cases. A review of the histopathologies of the monoclonal and the polyclonal cases did not reveal features discriminating the two groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that gastric dysplasia is a disease entity heterogeneous in the genetic level, and many cases may be non-neoplastic.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.297-324
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is a qualitative Study for development of measuring social capital in community. The indicator of social capital in this paper was developed through 1) literature review 2) in-depth interview with community welfare network members 3) a qualitative Study for concept development in light of social capital about trust, norms, networks 4) focus-group meeting for content validity verification 5) a pilot-study and 6) a questionnaire survey. The indicator of 79 items for has been constructed with three features : The first is 'trust' with 30 items; the second 'norm' with 22 items; and the third 'network' with 27 items. Cronbach's alpha estimate of the indicator of trust was .948, norms were .899 and networks were .906. This study has been revealed to the reliability and validity and therefor it was an appropriate measurement of social capital in community. The social capital scale developed in this study is useful to be objective about operating condition of community welfare network and to seek ways for pursuing more efficient operations.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.718-722
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• 1999

Thymoma is the most common tumor in the compartment of anterior mediastinum. The malignant thymoma is classified into invasive thymoma(category I) and thymic carcinoma(category II). Recently, well-differentiated thymic carcinoma is a proposed category 1.5 used to describe a subset of thymic epithelial tumors, allowing for the existence of intermediate form based on the clinical features and the histological characteristics. Thymic cyst is a congenital or a acquired disorder. Congenital thymic cyst may develop due to failure of the thymopharyngeal duct to obliterate and acquired thymic cyst develops from inflammation(multilocular thymic cyst), or neoplasm(cystic thymoma). Cystic degeneration in thymoma is a relatively frequent but focal event. In rare cases, the process proceeds to the extent that most or all of the lesion becomes cystic. Until now, well-differentiated thymic carcinoma with extensive cystic degeneration has not been reported in our country. We experienced a case of 14 year-old female patient showing extensive cystic degeneration in well-differentiated thymic carcinoma. And so we report it with review of the articles related.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.102-119
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to develop various designs through renewing and changing perception of accessories by examining various and arbitrary Kitsch. For the method of this study, literature review was mainly used for research of formative characteristics in Kitsch fashion. 798 pieces of work from fashion magazines and website with a focus on Milan, Paris, London and New York collections, in the decade of 2000-2010 were collected. The results of this study are as follows. First, the characteristic of exaggeration is classified into two types: the visual exaggeration, which is characterized by psychological expression through excessive images and (2) the collecting exaggeration, which is not simple but a want of large quantities. Second, the characteristic of satire is classified into two types: (1) the imitation-satire, which satirizes messages to societies with creative humor by using easily consumed materials and (2) the resistance-satire, which is destructive and offensive against isolation and desolation of a capitalistic society. Third, the characteristic of amusement is classified into two types: (1) the playful-amusement, which raises a laugh slyly by using clever materials and (2) the childish-amusement, which involves childish imagination and humor-sense because of desire to be a child. Fourth, the characteristic of nostalgia is classified into two types: (1) the romantic character expressing a departure from modern society, which is desolate because of the urbanization process, and (2) the intermediate character recreating an esthetic category by interacting with different and relative elements. Fifth, the characteristic of inappropriateness is expressed through a deliberate mistake, and it denies existing senses of beauty by overturning common sense and creating new senses of beauty, expressions in distortion and modification of stereotype.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2003

Objet, which showed up with the art of 20C, is now an important element giving a creative idea to fashion designers in modern times. The purpose of the study is to review how the objet technique was paid attention and recreated in the fashion, through the analysis of works, and the formative features of each technique for fashion, in order to identify the connection of arts and fashion, and the position of fashion as art. The techniques using object appeared in the 20th century fashion are as follows: First, papier-colle, which is adding printed materials onto the surface, is such a technique that adds cut-feeling materials to impose a new texture, or arrange again the cloth-cuts to create a different clothing from the existing one, which went to the extension of materials in the fashion. Second, collage of daily materials expresses directly and emotionally through direct presentation of the objets. Especially, collage of patch-work is reproduced into a new fabric depending on the objet used, giving a standing over the form. Third, ready-made which presents the material meaning only of the objet expands the range of objets which could be used in the fashion by introducing the daily materials having a meaning itself as a fashion. Forth, an attempt to approach to the objets of popular image by designed techniques come out in modern fashion as a graffiti look or a typography look, making the clothing itself an objet to transmit a message directly to the masses. Introduction of various objets and development of expression technique brought out the diversification of materials, and enrichment and extension of expression sphere, which resultingly spreaded the freedom of expression and progressed into the art sphere, making a direct motif to solidify its standing as a formative art.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.30-37
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• 2010

It is very important to analyze online customer reviews, which are small documents of writing opinions or experiences about products or services, for both customers and companies because the customers can get good informations and the companies can establish good marketing strategies. In this paper, we did not propose only dependency network model which is tool for analyzing online customer reviews, but also designed and implemented the system based on the dependency network model. The dependency network model analyzes both subjective and objective sentences, so that it can represent relative importance and relationship between the nouns in the sentences. In the result of implementing, we recognized that relative importance and relationship between the features of products or services, which can not be mined by opinion mining, can be represented by the dependency network model.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.41
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• pp.51-78
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• 2009

The ISP 98 is developed by the American Institute of International Banking Law & Practice in 1998. The ISP98 are also published as ICC Publication No. 590. A detailed commentary on the rules("The Official Commentary on the International Standby Practice") has been written by Professor James E. Byrnes. Presently there is no compelling reason to revise the rules themselves even if ten years is passed since the issuance of ISP98. Insteadthe American Institute of International Banking Law & Practice will provide Model Forms in the early 2009. Special features of the ISP 98 are as the following. Firstly, the ISP 98 is copyrighted by the Institute of International Banking Law and Practice, Inc., and published by the International Chamber of Commerce. Secondly, the ISP 98 differs from UCP in style and approach because it must receive acceptance not only from bankers and merchants, but also from a broader range of those actively involved in standby law and practice corporate treasurees and credit manager, rating agencies, government agencies and regulators, and indenture trustees as well as their counsel. Because standbys are often intended to be available in the event of disputes or applicant insovency, their texts are subject to a degree of scrutiny not encountered in the commercial letter of credit context. Thirdly, the ISP 98 supplement the UCP if the UCP dose not have the relative rule. Lastly, the ISP 98 has the official commentary. In addition, several provision of the ISP 98 would surprise the commercial parties and/or are rather peculiar, while some of them display a certain bias in favor of the banks.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.1 s.110
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• pp.118-129
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• 2007

Overflowing of fashion information that is derived from the development of various mass media has rather hindered adopters from appropriately screening fashion information. Thus, responsibilities of fashion journalists who play a role of communicating fashion information have become heavier. Fashion journalism may be defined as 'delivery of modes and involvement in production and logistics'. Since it connects fashion and culture industries with the public by reflecting fashion from diversified perspectives, the role of fashion journalism should never be overlooked in terms of culture as well as industry. This study analyzes fashion journalism from fashion-advanced country by reviewing the fashion journalism from the US, which is so-called fashion-advanced country and analyzing the contents of Vogue USA. This study made a historical review of fashion journalism through a reference study, and from a total of 24 volumes of Vogue USA from January 2004 through December 2005 classified articles by functions, tones, contents, and brands, pictorial records by functions, images, and brands, and ads by brands, quantitatively analyzing them. Further, through a case study it explored those articles and pictorial records which featured national characteristics in the USA, and examined how the fashion journalism in the USA imaged the fashion in the country. In addition, it tried to elicit the characteristics of fashion in the USA as a conclusion by categorizing those images while reviewing previous studies. The results show that Vogue USA features American fashion definitely. Thus, consequently it is easy to find images of American fashion in pictorial records, let alone categorizing them.