• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.51
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• pp.3-54
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• 2011

The important and main purpose of revision of Incoterms rules are to adapt it to contemporary commercial practice in world trade, and to contribute to great service to foreign trade. Incoterms$^{(R)}$ 2010 revision basically focuses on trade terms to be used for any mode or modes of transport at compared Incoterms 2000 gouping in four basically different categories, and presents trade terms to be used for traditionally seaborn trade. Therefore the former is for trading in manufactured goods involved in containerization, the latter is for trading in community. This study focuses on a motive of revisions and main features of the Incoterms$^{(R)}$ 2010 rules, an outline, the problems and alternative of them. In conclusion, I would like present as follows; (1) Although they only concerned the models of delivery and critical point, they only say a few of the many factors of a sale contract, that is to say for the devision of fuctions, costs and risks between the contracting parties as supplement law, but the guestion of the legal position of Incoterms rules is various in different countries and scholars. in spite of that, it must focus on the practical application and the wide acceptance of Incoterms rules in world trade. (2) Although they present more simple and clear, unfricative, than Incoterms 2000 rules, in order to help users, the need to unify consistently and fully explanate in contents and expression. (3) Introduction and guidance note of Incoterms$^{(R)}$ 2010 rules basically focuses on the understanding of a motive of revisions as compared Incoterms 2000 rules. But it is well advised to do this on the assumption of understanding the various basic meaning of terms. (4) finally, trade concerned regulations take account of the reflection for the application to domestic and international trade according to formally reconization of availability for both trade.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.44
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• pp.3-29
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• 2009

The PECL have been drawn up by an independent body of experts from each member state of the european union under a project supported by the european commission and many other organizations. Salient features of the general provisions of the PECL, freedom of contract and pecta sunk servanda, good faith and fair dealing, most of the PECL are non-mandatory. The CISG uses the term fundamental breach in various setting. The concept of fundamental breach is a milestone in its remedial provisions. Its most important role is that it constitutes the usual precondition for the contract to be avoided(Art. 49., Art. 51., Art. 64., Art. 72., Art. 73). In addition, where the goods do not conform with the contract, a fundamental breach can give rise to a requirement to deliver substitute goods. Furthermore, a fundamental breach of contract by the seller leaves the buyer with all of his remedies intact, despite the risk having passed to him(Art. 70). Basically, PECL, PICC generally follows CISG, it was similar to all the regulation's platform though the terms and content sometimes differ. For example regarding to the non-performance and remedies, in the case of non-performance, that is the PECL/PICC term analogous to breach of contract as used in the CISG. Furthermore the PECL/PICC used fundamental non-performance refered to in PECL Art. 8:103 ; PICC Art. 7.1.1. correspond generally to the concept of fundamental breach referred to in CISG Art. 25. The main significance of the fundamental non-performance, in any systems, is to empower the aggrieved party to terminate the contract. The need for uniformity and harmony in international commercial contracts can be expected to lead to growth of international commerce subject to the CISG, PICC, and PECL. It is hoped that the present editorial remarks will provide guidance to improve understanding between the contractual party of different countries in this respect and following key-words.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.259-282
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• 2017

There is a strong need to develop a training program for specialized personnel called mental health librarian. The study examines the necessity of ongoing education as series of steps to be considered in actual curriculum development, by looking at the features of bibliotherapy through a literature review and through an analysis to the requirements of a qualified mental health librarian and its training system. The result shows that, in order to train librarian in mental health, it is necessary to establish courses corresponding to the bibliotherapy field within the subject of library and information sciences and to strengthen the specialization in the its curriculum. It is desirable to establish the mental health librarian educational programs in library and information science graduate programs in Korea. The results of this study, as fundamental data for future research, will promote the role of the specialized mental health librarian and guidelines for developing and expanding the qualities and training of specialized librarian to resolve the immediate problem of the Korean library scene and academia.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2014

Patients with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) are predisposed to develop central nervous system tumors, due to the loss of neurofibromin, an inactivator of proto-oncogene Ras. However, to our knowledge, only three cases of ependymomas with NF1 have been reported in the literature. The authors present a case of NF1 patient with a spinal cord ependymoma. She was referred for about half a year history of increasing numbness that progressed from her fingers to her entire body above the bellybutton. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a relative-demarcated, heterogeneously enhanced mass lesion accompanied by perifocal edema in C5-7 level, a left-sided T11 spinous process heterogeneously enhanced mass in soft tissue, intervertebral disk hernia in L2-5 level, and widespread punctum enhancing lesion in her scalp and in T11-L5 level. The patient underwent C5-7 laminectomies and total excision of the tumor under operative microscope, and intraoperative ultrasonography and physiological monitoring were used during the surgery. Histopathologically, her tumor was found to be a ependymoma without malignant features (grade II in the World Health Organization classification). Therefore, no adjuvant therapy was applied. Following the operation, the patient showed an uneventful clinical recovery with no evidence of tumor recurrence after one year of follow-up.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2007

Objective : Pituitary apoplexy, resulting from an acute infarction or hemorrhage mainly in pituitary adenomas, is a rare yet major clinical event with neurological, ophthalmological and hormonal emergent consequences. The authors review our surgical experience with a series of 16 cases of pituitary apoplexy. Methods : The cases of pituitary apoplexy, operated via trans-sphenoidal approach in our hospital between 1998-2005, were retrospectively analyzed in terms of their clinicoradiological features, pathological findings and surgical outcomes. Results : The mean age of patients (9 male and 7 female) was 47.1 years. The average time of presentation after onset of symptom was 8.9 days. Pituitary apoplexy occurred as an initial manifestation of pituitary adenoma in all patients. Headache was the most common presenting symptom (94%). Visual disturbance was found in 56% of patients. Thirty-one percent of the patients had hypopituitarism. On magnetic resonance imaging, this entire catastrophic event accompanied with macroadenoma in a mean size of 22.5 mm. Only four patients needed postoperative hormone replacement therapy. Three of them showed preoperative hypopituitary function, and one patient in normal pituitary function. There was no specific complication in any of these patients. Conclusion : Early trans-sphenoidal decompression with high-dose corticosteroid replacement showed good outcomes of pituitary apoplexy.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.515-527
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• 2014

This study is intended to develop the creative and high value-added products as well as the development of diversity for jump suit for the future by analyzing the trend and feature shown in jump suit in the modern fashion. In the research methodology, the analysis was carried out over a total of 351 work pieces on jump suit among those presented in the collection of Paris, Milan, New York and London from 2006S/S to 2013F/W as well as literature review. The aesthetic features on suit jump design introduced in the modern fashion could be characterized as the following. First, both upper and lower garments are composed with a simple array of items and the stress was put on modernity feature through minimal expression technique. The feature of solid simplicity was also given with achromatic color or neutral monochrome. Second, the feminity image was emphasized with adoption of such highlighting items as detailed add-ons, tops, camisoles and blouses that stress the organically curved streamline including silhouette, material itself, crease and drape that enable the direct and indirect exposition of human body and the expression of smooth curve in human body. Third, jump suit revealed the multipurpose feature as item available for the diverse wear such as working habiliment, sports wear, uniform, office wear and evening wear, depending on the terms and conditions. Fourth, the deconstructive characteristic appeared through integration with various items, destruction of formative structure, non-structural shape, and ambiguity in wearing method.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.268-271
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• 2005

Objective: This study is undertaken to review the characteristics, risk factors and the surgical outcomes in long term follow-up of brain abscesses. Methods: We had reviewed medical records and radiological findings in patients with brain abscess who underwent operations in our hospital from January 1992 to June 2003. Results: Observed 11 cases were comprised of 8 men and 3 women with 42 years old average age ranging from 17 to 66. Lesions were located at frontal lobe in 5 cases, parietal in 4 cases, temporal in 1 case, and occipital in 1 case. The mean follow-up period was 23.8 months and ranged from 5 to 33 months. The microbial sources of infection had been found in 5 cases (45%). The organisms were identified by using the microbial culture obtained from the excisional biopsy. We had applied all cases with surgical excision. Empirical antibiotic treatment started soon after diagnosis in all cases. The mortality and morbidity of surgical excision were low. Nine patients were neurologically improved. One patient had died after the operation due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Conclusion: The single and large abscess located in an accessible lesion is a good candidate for surgical excision because of it's low morbidity, mortality, and favorable outcome after surgical excision. Further study is required to compare the surgical excision with other treatment modalities of brain abscess.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.529-543
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• 2007

It was revaluated about taxonomical position of the Tilingia tsusimensis (Yabe) Kitagawa (Apiaceae) collected from Mt. Gaya, Mt. Geumo, and Mt. Songni in Korea. Its diagnostic features include slightly dorsally compressed mericarps, acute-prominent ribs, ternate leaves, and dimorphic white petals. It is morphologically similar to Cymopterus and Pimpinella in having ternate leaves. It is distinguished from Cymopterus having asymmerty mericarps, 3-4 mericarp ribs, and winged dorsal ribs. Pimpinella differs in having slightly laterally compressed mericarps without ribs and conspicuous calyx teeth. Also, it looks like Angelica with obsolete calyx teeth and multilayer pericarps, but is distinguished by having its broadly winged lateral ribs and strongly dorsally compressed mericarps. Tilingia tsusimensis formed a monophyletic clade or sister group relationship with a genus Angelica based on ITS sequences. Based on the above observations, we conclude that this plant is here referred to T. tsusimensis (Yabe) Kitagawa.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Ginseng is being distributed in 35 countries around the world and there are differences by each country in the distribution volume and amount. However, since there is no accurate statistics on production and distribution amount by each country, it is very difficult to predict the world ginseng market. Ginseng trading companies and governments are in desperate need of comprehensive data that shows the world ginseng market status for sales and marketing. For that reason, this study will look into the approximate size of the world ginseng market based on recent ginseng distribution amount by each country and production by major ginseng producing nations. In addition, the review sets an opportunity to check the status of ginseng (Korea) in the world and presents future direction by examining recent history of ginseng development in Korea, which is one of the world's largest ginseng distributers. Since ginseng is cultivated in limited areas due to its growth characteristics, ginseng distributing countries can be divided based on whether they grow it domestically or not. In general, four countries including South Korea, China, Canada, and the US are the biggest producers and their total production of fresh ginseng is approximately 79,769 tons which is more than 99% of 80,080 tons, the total ginseng production around the world. Ginseng is distributed to different countries in various forms such as fresh ginseng, dried ginseng, boiled and dried ginseng (Taekuksam), red ginseng and the related products, etc. and is consumed as food, dietary supplements, functional food, medical supplies, etc. Also, the world ginseng market including ginseng root and the processed products, is estimated to be worth $2,084 million. In particular, the size of the Korean market is $1,140 million which makes Korea the largest distributer in the world. Since the interests in alternative medicine and healthy food is increasing globally, the consumer market of ginseng with many features and the processed products are expected to expand continuously.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.159-173
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• 2015

The hand coordinate systems for measuring vibration exposures and biodynamic responses have been standardized, but they are not actually used in many studies. This contradicts the purpose of the standardization. The objectives of this study were to identify the major sources of this problem, and to help define or identify better coordinate systems for the standardization. This study systematically reviewed the principles and definition methods, and evaluated typical hand coordinate systems. This study confirms that, as accelerometers remain the major technology for vibration measurement, it is reasonable to standardize two types of coordinate systems: a tool-based basicentric (BC) system and an anatomically based biodynamic (BD) system. However, these coordinate systems are not well defined in the current standard. Definition of the standard BC system is confusing, and it can be interpreted differently; as a result, it has been inconsistently applied in various standards and studies. The standard hand BD system is defined using the orientation of the third metacarpal bone. It is neither convenient nor defined based on important biological or biodynamic features. This explains why it is rarely used in practice. To resolve these inconsistencies and deficiencies, we proposed a revised method for defining the realistic handle BC system and an alternative method for defining the hand BD system. A fingertip-based BD system for measuring the principal grip force is also proposed based on an important feature of the grip force confirmed in this study.