• Resources Recycling
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.81-87
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• 2022

Energy consumption per unit weight of metal (kwh/kg of metal) is one of the most important economic indicators in the process of molten salt electrolysis. It is related to the heat loss of salt bath and the current efficiency of the process. The current efficiency is highly dependent on electrolysis temperature. On the other hand, the temperature of salt bath may increase significantly due to the difference (larger energy input than consumption) in heat balance at the beginning of electrolysis, which may cause different electrolysis temperature from an initially targeted value. This results in a bad effect on current efficiency. Therefore, it will be helpful to the reduction of energy consumption to compare the calculated and measured values of the temperature change of salt bath through the heat balance review at the early stage of electrolysis and to evaluate the energy loss to outside. In this study, based on the authors' experimental data, the heat balance was reviewed at the beginning of the electrolysis, and it was possible to evaluate the energy loss to the outside and the increase of the temperature of the salt bath quantitatively. Through such a method, heat loss reduction plan can be derived and current efficiency can be improved so that energy consumption can be reduced.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 2004

Normally, silkworms, Bombyx mori, generate offspring by sexual activity. As we known, the hybrids of the first generation of the silkworm have higher cocoon production than pure lines. During the sericulture production, many processes are related with sex control. For example, sex sorting in the egg grainages, rearing of only male silkworm to save the mulberry leaf consumption and increase silk output and quality. Therefore it is very interested in understanding the sex control of the silkworm in theory and practice. Chinese sericultural scientists have been being engaged in the researches in the fields of artificifial parthogenesis, dispermic androgenesis, sex-limited varieties, sex linkage balanced lethal strain and high temperature sensitive male stocks for several decades and gained substantial achievement. Some of the achievements have been used in the commercial production. In this review, the authors introduced that the methods for control of the silkworm sex, and regulate the silkworm sex ratio according to different producing aim in the world and especially in China.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.80-93
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• 1990

Review of Literature on Languor and fatigue. According to comparative studies of Oriental and Western medical Literature on the Languor and fatigue on causes and symptom, flowing results were obtained. 1. Common etiologies of the Languor and fatigue in Western medicine are firstly exhaustion of energy, secondly variation of control center-neurotic and body fluid control-, thirdly variation of a living body physico chemical state, forthly production of middle metabolic product, fifthly psychological instability. 2. The expression of the Languor and fatigue in Oriental medicine are consumption, dificiency of vital energy(氣虛), illness caused by overexertion and dificiency of essence of life(精虛). The caure of the Languor and fatigue are dificiency in spleen and stomach(脾胃虛弱), dificiency of both the lung and kidney(肺腎兩虛), the six excessive(六淫), irregular life and excessive mental labor. 3. The symptomes of the Languor and fatigue in western medicine are systemic feeling of fatigue, dislike of work, Dizziness, general fatigue, anorexia, painful body, nerveous prostration. anxiety and decrese of energy, and in oriental medicine dificiency of vital energy, general pain, sinking of vital energy(氣虛下階) in adequate nutrition, confusion and slow speaking.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.43-50
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• 2007

The production, distribution, and consumption of Korean medicinal herbs have increased every year because of an increase of health considerations. But there are no sufficient standardization procedures in packaging and distribution systems related to these herb products. The standardization of packaging material and dimension could be a good addition for establishing proper quality control methods for Korean medicinal herbs. Medicinal herbs deteriorate under physical, chemical and biological hazards such as oxidation, textural change under high moisture content, color change by light, sanitation problems by insect invasion and contamination. Packaging standardization with proper functional packaging materials is critical to ensure the qualities of medicinal herbs. Also, storage and distribution efficiencies can be improved by achieving packaging dimension standardization. This review summarizes recent research trends related to quality evaluation methods and major quality deterioration factors of Korean medicinal herbs. This paper also offers reviews on some of problems and challenges in current packaging and distribution systems of medicinal herb industries and briefly suggests advanced quality control methods through packaging standardization.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.33-52
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• 2009

Health promotion policies have needed to assess in detailed and evidence-based work to set a policy goal and clear future directions of health promotion in Korea. To identify the major factors related with health promotion, we assessed the associations between public health outcome (potential years of life loss, PYLL) and national health determinants. For this purpose, we used a pooled cross sectional time-series regression analysis with corrected fixed effect models involving sixteen member countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development during the period 1970 to 2001. The PYLL was positively associated with tobacco and alcohol consumption (model 1 and 2) and calories intake (model 2 and 3) while the PYLL was negatively associated with GDP, fruit and vegetable intake (model 2), number of doctors (model 3), coverage rates of health care security, and elderly population rates (model 4). In conclusion, health behaviors related with tobacco, alcohol, and nutrition were significant health determinants for health outcome. Overall analysis results of this study will provide a guidance toward improved macro- and micro-policy development for future health promotion policy in Korea.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.195-220
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• 2017

Nowadays, railway system plays a significant role in transportation, conveying cargo, passengers, minerals, grains, and so forth. Railway ballasted track is a conventional railway track as can be seen all over the world. Ballast, located underneath the sleepers, is the most important elements on ballasted track, which has many functions and requires routine maintenance. Ballast needs to be maintained frequently to prevent rail buckling, settlement, misalignment so that ballast has to be modelled accurately. Continuum model was introduced to model granular material and was extended in ballast. However, ballast is a heterogeneous material with highly nonlinear behaviour. Hence, ballast could not be modelled accurately in continuum model due to the discontinuities nature and material degradation of ballast. Discrete element modelling (DEM) is proposed as an alternative approach that provides insight into constitutive model, realistic particle, and contact algorithm between each particle. DEM has been studied in many recent decades. However, there are limitations due to the high computational time and memory consumption, which cause the lack of using in high range. This paper presents a review of recent ballast modelling with benefits and drawbacks. Ballast particles are illustrated either circular, circular crump, spherical, spherical crump, super-quadric, polygonal and polyhedral. Moreover, the gaps and limitations of previous studies are also summarized. The outcome of this study will help the understanding into different ballast modelling and particle. The insight information can be used to improve ballast modelling and monitoring for condition-based track maintenance.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.25-30
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• 2010

For centuries, probiotics have been known to promote health and prevent diseases. In recent times, modulation of diseases related to the immune function by probiotics has been recognized as very important to the health of the host's gut. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are the most frequently studied diseases in which probiotic administration has been tested as a potential therapy. Various in vitro and in vivo studies have been performed. The studies discussed in this review suggest several mechanisms: probiotics could modulate the gut microflora by competing with disease-causing pathogenic bacteria and could directly regulate the mucosal immune system, which activates the innate and adaptive immune systems. In addition, human clinical trials have shown alleviation of disease symptoms of ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease, etc. This study aimed to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying immune modulation by probiotics and review studies on the functional aspect of IBD alleviation by probiotics. With more scientific studies confirming the effect of probiotics, this therapy holds promise for use in alternative medicine and/or pharmaceutical preparations, given the long history of safe consumption of probiotics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.562-575
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• 2013

Century-old nutrition and health concepts can be revived and applied in the modern age in the forms of newly developed menus, recipes, and lifestyle education. Current medical nutrition therapy concepts were first described in the Chosun Dynasty (1392-1897) in Korea based on the philosophy that food and medicine originate from the same source, which is known as 'food as medicine'. Recognizing the importance of culture, tradition, local diet, and lifestyle on health and medical nutrition therapy, we tried to rediscover traditional Korean approaches towards food consumption and nutrition through systematic review of the literature and developed contemporary menus accordingly. The medical nutrition therapy prescriptions described in 'Shikryochanyo' (1460) by the Chosun Dynasty's royal physician Soonyi Jeao cover 45 different diseases. In this project, we developed contemporary menus for those disease models that are most prevalent in modern society. Menus developed with foods that are readily available today were evaluated for their nutritional content and adequacy using a computer-aided nutritional analysis program (CAN pro 3.0, developed by the Korean Nutrition Society for comparison with RDA for Koreans). Therefore, century-old nutrition and health concepts can be revived and applied in modern society as newly developed menus recipes and lifestyle education.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.65 no.8
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• pp.1369-1375
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• 2016

A rapid progress of the next-generation non-volatile memory device has been made in recent years. Metal/insulator/Metal multi-layer structure resistive RAM(ReRAM) has attracted a great deal of attention because it has advantages of simple fabrication, low cost, low power consumption, and low operating voltage. This paper describes the working principle of the ReRAM device, a review of fabrication techniques, and characteristics of flexible ReRAM devices using graphene oxide as an insulating layer and ReRAM devices using multi-layered insulator. The switching characteristics of the above ReRAM devices have been compared. The oxidized graphene could be employed as an insulator of next generation ReRAM devices.

• Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2017

Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignant tumor of the digestive system and radical resection, which is available to very few patients, might be the only possibility for cure. Since therapeutic choices are limited at the advanced stage, prevention is more important for reducing incidence in high-risk individuals with family history of pancreatic cancer. Epidemiological studies have shown that a high consumption of fish oil or ${\omega}3-polyunsaturated$ fatty acids reduces the risk of pancreatic cancers. Dietary fish oil supplementation has shown to suppress pancreatic cancer development in animal models. Previous experimental studies revealed that several hallmarks of cancer involved in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer, such as the resistance to apoptosis, hyper-proliferation with abnormal $Wnt/{\beta}-catenin$ signaling, expression of pro-angiogenic growth factors, and invasion. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a ${\omega}3-polyunsaturated$ fatty acid and rich in cold oceanic fish oil. DHA shows anti-cancer activity by inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis, inhibiting $Wnt/{\beta}-catenin$ signaling, and decreasing extracellular matrix degradation and expression of pro-angiogenic factors in pancreatic cancer cells. This review will summarize anti-cancer mechanism of DHA in pancreatic carcinogenesis based on the recent studies.