• Title/Summary/Keyword: Reverse phase

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Study on the Shapes of Jung-kwa, Gi-kwa, Sin-kwa, Hyul-kwa (정기신혈과(精氣神血科)의 형상(形象)에 대한 연구)

  • Choi Byung-Tae;Choi Yung-Hyun;Baek Geun-Gi;Lee Yong-Tae
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.19 no.5
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    • pp.1181-1190
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    • 2005
  • After study about the shapes of Jung, Gi, Sin, Hyul-kwa advocated by Master Jisan, the conclusions are drawn as follows. It pursues the rules of universe being changed from formless to concrete objects that the Body Essence, Vital energy, Mentality, and Blood are materialized to Jung, GE, Sin, Hyul-kwa. It can be drawn an inference from the next three theories that Jisan considered Jung, Gi, Sin, Hyul-kwa as round, square, reverse triangle, and triangle or oval shape. First, it was taken to following the shapes of viscera. Namely Jung-kwa was taken as Kidney, Gi-kwa as Lung, Sin-kwa as Heart, Hyul-kwa as Liver. Second, it was adopted from five kinds of constitutions according to the five elements in [Yeongchu Yin and Yang twenty five shapes] that is Jung-kwa is purchased with Water-earth phases, Gi-kwa with metal phase Sin-kwa with fire phase, Hyul-kwa with Wood phase, Third, it is taken in order to eliminate contradictions. Hyul-kwa disliking to move is assumed to round shape to easily move. Gi-kwa tending to disperse is chosen to square in order to be unmoved. Sin-kwa declining to stagnate of seven emotions is pursued to reverse triangle to compose oneself. Hyul-kwa inclining to gather is preferred to acreage phase to harmonize ascending tendency. Among shapes which Jisan was divided Hado, Nakseo, Bokhee pal kwoe, Moonwang pal kwoe, Jung-kwa as round is Hado, Gi-kwa as square is Nakseo, Sin-kwa as reverse triangle is Bokhee pal kwoe order shape, Hyul-kwa as acreage phase or oval shape is accord with Moonwang pal kwoe order shape. The reason being classified into Jung, GE, Sin, Hyul-kwa from the shapes of the face is that the face is the place to reflect the whole conditions of the body connected with all of the viscera and meridian system such as semen of plants. Above contents are drawn an inference from the transcription of Jisan's lectures and his writings. And it is considered that insufficient parts of the Jisan's theory must be demonstrated continuously.

A Study of the Factors Affecting the Backward Transfer of BSA from AOT Reverse Micellar Solutions (AOT 역미셀 용액으로부터 BSA의 역추출에 영향을 미치는 인자들에 관한 연구)

  • 노선균;강춘형
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.15 no.6
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    • pp.649-657
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    • 2000
  • The factors affecting the back-extraction efficiency of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA, Mw. 65kDa, pl 4.9) solubilized in an AOT reverse micellar solution, prepared by the injection method, to an excess aqueous phase were investigated. In particular, the effects of pH, the types of salts, alcohols added as cosurfactants, and their concentrations in the aqueous phase were examined. Furthermore, by comparing the CD spectra of the back-extracted BSA and the feed BSA, the structural changes of BSA during the extraction process were determined. The addition of 1:1 salt such as KCl or NaCl to the aqueous phase resulted in almost a 100% extraction to the aqueous phase at a pH higher than its isoelectric point pl. This high efficiency of back-extraction might be due to the change in the interactions between the protein and micellar aggregates driven by the added salt. For 1:2 salts like $CaCl_2$ and $MgCl_2$, BSA was back-extracted with lower than 20% extraction efficiency. Maximum extraction efficiencies were attained at about pH=7 and pH=8 for monovalent and divalent salts, respectively. The addition of alcohols as cosurfactants led to an improvement in monovalent and divalent salts, respectively. From the CD spectra of BSA extracted to the aqueous phase, it was observed that denaturation of BSA was not significant. In certain back-extraction conditions, the extracted BSA showed even higher activity than the feed BSA.

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Study on methods of minimizing the reverse logistics in e-Commerce - Focused on the B2C - (전자상거래의 역물류 최소화를 위한 효율적 관리 방안 - B2C 거래를 중심으로 -)

  • Im, Yong-Taek;Seo, Seon-Ae
    • Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.147-165
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    • 2008
  • Since 2000, e-commerce has been increased continuously in its quantity and quality. The growth of e-commerce has resulted in some diversities of distribution channels, and its characteristics of not-spot trading and limited market scale has urged the on-line market to play a role of assistance to off-line market. e-Commerce causes not only the flow of forward logistics, but also that of reverse logistics with every purchasing, which is a very critical factor to hesitate for consumers to purchase the products as well as increase the price of the products. Concern about the reverse logistics by sellers and buyers influences the level of price and purchasing activity of consumers. This study firstly is to lift the awareness of the efficient control of reverse logistics with reviewing the recent change of logistics environment and phenomena of reverse logistics. Secondly we find the factors generating the reverse logistics and look into its questions, and thirdly offer not only the ways to minimize the phenomena of reverse logistics, but also a efficient control system for reverse logistics. We additionally aim to contribute to prevent the price of the products from rising and raise the customers' satisfaction through minimizing the phase of reverse logistics.

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HPLC를 이용한 Lysozyme chloride의 함량분석에 관한 연구

  • Lee, Jeong-Sook;Chae, Yong-Zoo
    • Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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    • 2003.04a
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    • pp.289.2-289.2
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    • 2003
  • The aim of this work was to develop an reverse-phase method for the analysis lysozyme contents. This method was sensitive and reproducible. The experimental samples were 8 kinds of capsules and one tablet. collected in domestic area. The results were summarized as follows. (omitted)

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Purification and Characterization of Paclitaxel from Plant Cell Cultures of Taxus chinensis in Large-Scale Process (식물세포 Taxus chinensis 배양으로부터의 Paclitaxel 대량 정제 및 특성)

  • 김진현;기은숙;민범찬;최형균;홍승서;이현수
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.15 no.5
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    • pp.537-540
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    • 2000
  • In developing a HPLC purification process, it was hoped that a single chromatographic system would be sufficient to abtain pure paclitaxel in high yield. However, no such system was found, due in part to the complex taxoid profile of crude paclitaxel and to the rigorous nature of the product specification. A two step HPLC purification was adopted using reverse-phase separation on C(sub)18 as a first step, and normal-phase separation on silica as the final polishing step. Impurity profiles were established and maintained for paclitaxel, which identified and quantified each impurity observed in purified paclitaxel from these two steps, all impurities at or above 0.1% were identified. Results provide information for improving the quality control of paclitaxel production.

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Selection of suitable reference gene for gene expression studies of porcine ovaries under different conditions in quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay

  • Kim, Hwan-Deuk;Jeon, Hye-Jin;Jang, Min;Bae, Seul-Gi;Yun, Sung-Ho;Han, Jee-Eun;Kim, Seung-Joon;Lee, Won-Jae
    • Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.96-105
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    • 2022
  • The ovary undergoes substantial physiological changes along with estrus phase to mediate negative/positive feedback to the upstream reproductive tissues and to play a role in producing a fertilizable oocyte in the developing follicles. However, the disorder of estrus cycle in female can lead to diseases, such as cystic ovary which is directly associated with decline of overall reproductive performance. In gene expression studies of ovaries, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay has been widely applied. During this assay, although normalization of target genes against reference genes (RGs) has been indispensably conducted, the expression of RGs is also variable in each experimental condition which can result in false conclusion. Because the understanding for stable RG in porcine ovaries was still limited, we attempted to assess the stability of RGs from the pool of ten commonly used RGs (18S, B2M, PPIA, RPL4, SDHA, ACTB, GAPDH, HPRT1, YWHAZ, and TBP) in the porcine ovaries under different estrus phase (follicular and luteal phase) and cystic condition, using stable RG-finding programs (geNorm, Normfinder, and BestKeeper). The significant (p < 0.01) differences in Ct values of RGs in the porcine ovaries under different conditions were identified. In assessing the stability of RGs, three programs comprehensively agreed that TBP and YWHAZ were suitable RGs to study porcine ovaries under different conditions but ACTB and GAPDH were inappropriate RGs in this experimental condition. We hope that these results contribute to plan the experiment design in the field of reproductive physiology in pigs as reference data.

Mass Transfer of Lysozyme Extraction Using Reversed Micelles (역미셀을 이용한 Lysozyme 추출에 대한 물질 전달)

  • 전병수;김석규;윤성옥;송승구
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.241-245
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    • 2001
  • Mass transfer rates have been measured for the extraction of enzyme from aqueous solution into a reverse-micelle phase at $25^{\circ}C$. The 420 mL vessel was carefully designed to maintain a planar interface between the aqueous and solvent phases, so allowing precise measurement of interfacial area, has been investigated. Sodium di-2-ethylhexyl sulfosuccinate(AOT) was the surfactant used. Factors varied included: agitator speed, pH, ionic strength and surfactant concentration. Samples were taken from the solvent phase at 15min intervals, and the amount of enzyme extracted was measured by UV absorption at 280 nm. The observed Sherwood numbers for the aqueous phase $Sh_1$were correlated interms of the aqueous phase Reynolds number $Re_1$, and modified Schmidt number $Sc_1$. $Sh_1=0.664Re_1^{0.5}Sc_1^{0.33}$

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DCM Frequency Control Algorithm for Multi-Phase DC-DC Boost Converters for Input Current Ripple Reduction

  • Joo, Dong-Myoung;Kim, Dong-Hee;Lee, Byoung-Kuk
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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    • v.10 no.6
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    • pp.2307-2314
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    • 2015
  • In this paper, a discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) frequency control algorithm is proposed to reduce the input current ripple of a multi-phase interleaved boost converter. Unlike conventional variable duty and constant frequency control, the proposed algorithm controls the switching frequency to regulate the output voltage. By fixing the duty ratio at 1/N in the N-phase interleaved boost converter, the input current ripple can be minimized by ripple cancellation. Furthermore, the negative effects of the diode reverse recovery current are eliminated because of the DCM characteristic. A frequency controller is designed to employ the proposed algorithm considering the magnetic permeability change. The proposed algorithm is analyzed in the frequency domain and verified by a 600 W three-phase boost converter prototype that achieved 57% ripple current reduction.

Numerical Study on Pulsatile Flow and Heat Transfer in a Curved Tube with Constant Heat Flux (일정 열유속을 받는 곡관내에서의 맥동 열유동에 관한 수치적 연구)

  • 백영렬;이재헌;오명도
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.1031-1038
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    • 1994
  • Characteristics of pulsatile flow and heat transfer have been studied numerically in the constant heat flux curved tube with periodic pressure gradient. As the Womersley number increases, the phase difference between the pressure gradient and the cross section averaged axial velocity becomes larger. In case of the Womersley number $\beta = 2$, when cross section averaged axial velocity reaches periodic state with time, the reverse and the natural flow coexist at phase angle, $\lambda = 1.44\pi$ and $\lambda =1.96\pi$. For all the Womersley numbers of present investigation, the time variation of wall temperature near inner wall is higher than that of near outer wall, independent of phase angle.

Output Voltage Disturbance Analysis for 100kw-Rated Outage and Phase Jump Generator (100kW급 순간정전 및 위상급변 발생기의 출력 전압변동 해석)

  • Nho, E.C.;Park, H.Y.;Kim, J.Y.;Kim, I.D.;Chun, T.W.;Kim, H.G.
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2008.10c
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    • pp.123-125
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    • 2008
  • This paper deals with output voltage characteristics analysis of outage and phase jump generator. As soon as the outage occurs the STS(Solid Transfer Switch)s are switched off. At the beginning of the outage the DG is required to limit the reverse current within the rated DG output current. In case of phase jump the DG output voltage phase should be adjusted with PLL. Simulation results show the output voltage characteristics of the generator.

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