• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.09a
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• pp.1213-1216
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• 2010

Developable areas nearby metropolitan areas, which has high the density of population are limited by highly industrialized. In recent, the redeveloping plans for the finished industrial and resident areas are pushing to resolve this problems. Getting to the exact properties for reclaimed wastes is very important to reuse of landfill. Also, a strategy for how to deal with follow-up measures have to based on the waste characteristics. A lot of environmental problems have been happened in finished waste landfill such as a nasty smell by seepage, pollution of surface and ground water, a poisonous gas and soil contamination. The environment pollution in waste landfill have been studied by many researchers. The goal of this study is estimate the effects for the ground properties with the environmental properties of waste in finished landfill. As the results, the chemical characteristics of seepage in landfill may effect directly or indirectly to capping layer. Therefore, sustainable researches are needed to develop a secure landfill over the long term.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 2011

In multicell wireless systems with insufficient frequency reuse, user transmission will suffer other-cell interference (OCI). Cell cooperation is an effective way to mitigate OCI and increase the system sum rate. An adaptive scheme for serving one user in each cell was proposed in [1]. In this paper, we generalize that scheme by serving two users in each cell with adaptive zeroforcing beamforming (ZF) strategies. Based on our derived statistics of the signal-to-noise plus interference ratios, we choose the scheme to maximize the total ergodic sum-rate based on user locations. Through the numerical examples, we show that the total system sum rate can be improved by selecting appropriate transmitting strategy adaptively. As a result, our proposed system can explore spatial multiplexing gain without additional power and thus improves total system sum rate significantly.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.44-57
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• 2015

In recent years, for the purpose of solving the problem regarding environment protection and resource saving, certain measures and policies have been promoted to establish a reverse supply chains (RSCs) with material flows from collection of used products to reuse the recycled parts in production of products. It is necessary to analyze behaviors of RSC members to determine the optimal operation. This paper discusses a RSC with a retailer and a manufacturer and verifies the behavior strategies of RSC members which may change over time in response to changes parameters related to the recycling promotion activity in RSC. A retailer takes two behaviors: cooperation/non-cooperation in recycling promotion activity. A manufacturer takes two behaviors: monitoring/non-monitoring of behaviors of the retailer. Evolutionary game theory combining the evolutionary theory of Darwin with game theory is adopted to clarify analytically evolutionary outcomes driven by a change in each behavior of RSC members over time. The evolutionary stable strategies (ESSs) for RSC members' behaviors are derived by using the replicator dynamics. The analysis numerically demonstrates how parameters of the recycling promotion activity: (i) sale promotion cost, (ii) monitoring cost, (iii) compensation and (iv) penalty cost affect the judgment of ESSs of behaviors of RSC members.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.952-964
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• 2007

This study is about the design for environment which is central social interest in recent days. This study focused on both experimental designs which convey meanings and practical designs which can be produced within the fashion industry and then influence on the wide range of consumer, human and surrounding environment. The purposes of this study are to categorize national and global fashion designs for environment, to analyze data based on the fashion pipeline from planning to discard, to suggest systematic actions, and to establish fashion design for environment model. Through these processes, this study helps in making fashion designs for environment more understandable, and demonstrates one future direction for using environment as fashion industry's innovative strategy. This study attempts to create business and at the same time suggests design actions based on social belief. The results of this study are following. Fashion designs for environment were categorized by organic fabric, new-to-the-world fabric, reduce, multi-function, reproduce, order-made, recycle, and reuse. The results show that fashion designs for environment have been implemented throughout the fashion pipeline, and applied the concepts of design for environment including green, sustainable slow, and natural design principles. Furthermore, labelling and service from supply side, green purchasing from demand side, and integration from both sides are suggested as company's and society's systematic actions.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.123-136
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of six factors (accuracy, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, security, instant accessibility, and ease of use) on re-use intention; and then to help to establish future marketing strategy. In order to achieve the study's objectives, this study conducted an online questionnaire on the Internet, Wenjuanxing. The total of 270 copies through APP-Wechat (Wicket), and 245 were used for analysis. For statistical processing, SPSS22.0 is used to analyze the influence relationship amongst factors for mobile tourism information service, a variety of analysis, such as factor analysis, reliability analysis, mass regression analysis, simple regression analysis were employed. The results of this study are summarized as follows. As a result of analyzing the factors affecting the satisfaction of consumers using chinese Ctrip mobile app, the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of mobile tourism information service attributes have a significant effect on user satisfaction. The accuracy of mobile information service were found to have no significant effect on satisfaction. The security, immediacy of access, and usability of the payment service of mobile APP were found to have a significant effect on satisfaction. And customer satisfaction has a significant effect on re-use intention.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.1424-1441
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• 2014

Two-tier femtocell networks, consisting of a conventional cellular network underlaid with femtocell hotspots, play an important role in the indoor coverage and capacity of cellular networks. However, the cross- and co-tier interference will cause an unacceptable quality of service (QoS) for users with universal frequency reuse. In this paper, we propose a novel downlink interference mitigation strategy for spectrum-shared two-tier femtocell networks. The proposed solution is composed of three parts. The first is femtocells clustering, which maximizes the distance between femtocells using the same slot resource to mitigate co-tier interference. The second is to assign macrocell users (MUEs) to clusters by max-min criterion, by which each MUE can avoid using the same resource as the nearest femtocell. The third is a novel adaptive power control scheme with femtocells downlink transmit power adjusted adaptively based on the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) level of neighboring users. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can effectively increase the successful transmission ratio and ergodic capacity of femtocells, while guaranteeing QoS of the macrocell.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.545-551
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• 2016

This study compares characteristic of membrane fouling in MBR-RO systems. In lab. scale MBRs test, MBRs were operated at different Flux(10, 20, 30 & 40 LMH) and temperature(10, 15, 20, 25 & $30^{\circ}C$). The results show that MBR permeate was measured lower amounts of organic substances in Higher flux and lower temperature and led to lower RO fouling rates. The main cause was that due to cake fouling formed on membrane surfaces in MBRs. Under both cases, Cake layer of membrane surfaces formed in MBRs removed RO fouling factors, polysaccharide and protein, because of cake layer attached on membrane surfaces greater amounts of organic substances. This study implies that optimization of MBR with operating conditions is a crucial strategy to RO membrane fouling control.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.283-291
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose new multiuser detectors (MUDs) based on compressed sensing approaches for the large-scale multiple antenna systems equipped with dozens of low-power antennas. We consider the scenarios where the number of receiver antennas is smaller than the total number of users, but the number of active users is relatively small. This prior information motivates sparsity-embracing MUDs such as sparsity-embracing linear/nonlinear MUDs where the detection of active users and their symbol detection are employed. In addition, sparsity-embracing MUDs with maximum a posteriori probability criterion (MAP-MUDs) are presented. They jointly detect active users and their symbols by exploiting the probability of user activity, and it can be solved efficiently by introducing convex relaxing senses. Furthermore, it is shown that sparsity-embracing MUDs exploiting common users' activity across multiple symbols, i.e., frame-by-frame, can be considered to improve performance. Also, in multiple multiple-input and multiple-output networks with aggressive frequency reuse, we propose the interference cancellation strategy for the proposed sparsity-embracing MUDs. That first cancels out the interference induced by adjacent networks and then recovers the desired users' information by exploiting the low user activity. In simulation studies for binary phase shift keying modulation, numerical evidences establish the effectiveness of our proposed MUDs exploiting low user activity, as compared with the conventional MUD.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.63-72
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• 1981

The change in the design-basis refueling strategy caused by the unexpected nuclear fuel failures may result in discharging intact fuel assemblies which were irradiated in the positions symmetric to the failed ones in addition to the failed ones in order to maintain the symmetric power shape in the reactor core. In this work an attempt is made to reuse the intact fuel assemblies which were discharged before reaching the design turnup in the above-described situation so as to improve the fuel utilization. The TDCORE code is used to estimate the flux and power distribution, and the RELOAD-II code for searching the optimal loading pattern with the minimum assembly radial power peaking factor. For the case of the Ko-ri unit 1, its third cycle turnup could be extended to 11,648 MWD/MTU by reusing the four low-burned fuel assemblies removed at the end of the first cycle, and then the loading pattern is searched to the equilibrium cycle.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.1010-1018
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• 2017

The European Treatment and Disposal of Irradiated Graphite and other Carbonaceous Waste project sought to develop best practices in the retrieval, treatment, and disposal of irradiated graphite including other irradiated carbonaceous waste such as structural material made of graphite, nongraphitized carbon bricks, and fuel coatings. Emphasis was given on legacy irradiated graphite, as this represents a significant inventory in respective national waste management programs. This paper provides an overview of the characteristics of graphite irradiated during its use, primarily as a moderator material, within nuclear reactors. It describes the potential techniques applicable to the retrieval, treatment, recycling/reuse, and disposal of these graphite wastes. Considering the lifecycle of nuclear graphite, from manufacture to final disposal, a number of waste management options have been developed. These options consider the techniques and technologies required to address each stage of the lifecycle, such as segregation, treatment, recycle, and ultimate disposal in a radioactive waste repository, providing a toolbox to aid operators and regulators to determine the most appropriate management strategy. It is noted that national waste management programs currently have, or are in the process of developing, respective approaches to irradiated graphite management. The output of the Treatment and Disposal of Irradiated Graphite and other Carbonaceous Waste project is intended to aid these considerations, rather than dictate them.