• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.14
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• pp.191-240
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• 2006

For long-term preservation of electronic records, the information on the whole processes of management from the time of creation of the electronic information should be captured and managed together. Such information is supported by preservation metadata thus the implementation of preservation metadata is important for preservation of electronic records maintaining the record-ness. Preservation metadata is the information that supports the process of digital preservation and functions th maintain long-term viability, renderability, understandability, authenticity and identity of digital resources. Preservation metadata should be developed applying the international standard Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System(OAIS) to have international interoperability for exchange and reuse. Initial international preservation metadata schemas were developed standardizing the OAIS Reference Model. But the preservation metadata schema of Victorian Electronic Records Strategy(VERS) and recently published Data Dictionary of PREMIS Working Group were developed in advanced types that are different from the existing framework. Those were advanced th practical ones from conceptual one. Comparing these two cases, proposed the elements of integral preservation metadata for long-term preservation of electronic records. This thesis has the significance that it has suggested the direction for future development of the elements of preservation metadata by setting the past discussions related to preservation metadata in order and proposing integral preservation metadata elements for long-term preservation of electronic records.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.583-600
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to explore qualitatively what kind of coping strategy the Korean older adults use when they are depressed and why. Participants were users, older than 60, of an elderly welfare center in Seoul, and answers of 34 respondents who experienced depression were included in the analysis. The collected data were analyzed through content analysis. The results of the analysis showed that strategies to cope with depression used by participants were composed of 6 domains and 11 sub-domains: health behavior (medical approach / exercise and diet), family and social contact (social interaction / going out and going on a trip / communication with family), Religious activities (Religious activities), lifelong education (hobbies / educational activities), productive activities (labor), health risk behaviors (drinking and gambling / resignation). The depression coping strategies of the older adults and their characteristics are as follows. First, older adults used diverse problem-focused coping strategies to cope with depression. Second, older adults considered various coping strategies together and used them simultaneously. Third, the facility space for older adults functions as a shelter. Fourth, although there were cases where medical approach was used, the intention to reuse was very low. Through this study, the following suggestions were made to help older adults cope with depression more successfully. First, access to various coping strategies should be promoted. Second, more places where older adults can spend their time comfortably need to be provided. Third, resistance to mental health care should be resolved.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.574-581
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• 2022

Nanofibers comprising reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and Mo₂C/Mo₂N nanoparticles (Mo₂C/Mo₂N rGO NFs) were prepared for a functional interlayer of Li-S batteries (LSBs). The well-dispersed Mo₂C and Mo₂N nanoparticles in the nanofiber structure served as active polar sites for efficient immobilization of dissolved lithium polysulfide. The rGO nanosheets in the structure also provide conductive channels for fast ion/electron transport during charging-discharging and ensured reuse of lithium polysulfide during redox reactions through a fast charge transfer process. As a result, the cell assembled with Mo₂C/Mo₂N rGO NFs-coated separator and pure sulfur electrode (70 wt% of sulfur content and 2.1 mg cm^-2 of sulfur loading) showed a stable discharge capacity of 476 mA h g^-1 after 400 charge-discharge cycles at 0.1 C. Furthermore, it exhibited a discharge capacity of 574 mA h g^-1 even at a high current density of 1.0 C. Therefore, we believe that the proposed unique nanostructure synthesis strategy could provide new insights into the development of sustainable and highly conductive polar materials as functional interlayers for high performance LSBs.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1498-1505
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• 2023

This study attempted to investigate the difference in service orientation according to the individual characteristics of hair salon workers, and to identify the internal marketing factors of hair salon that influence service orientation. Questionnaires for empirical research were collected from hair salon workers in Gyeongnam, and the results of analyzing the collected questionnaires through IBM SPSS Statistics 26 are as follows. First, as a result of analyzing the difference in service orientation according to the individual characteristics of hair salon workers, the '40s or older' group and the 'working period of 10 years or longer' group showed statistically higher service orientation than other groups. Second, as a result of analyzing the causal relationship between internal marketing and service orientation, it was found that welfare, compensation system, education and training of internal marketings had the statistical effect on service orientation, and in particular, the compensation system had the strongest effect on service orientation. Therefore, service orientation for customers should be improved through internal marketing activities that take into account the individual characteristics of hair salon workers. The improvement of service orientation means the customer's intention to reuse, suggesting that ultimately the management performance of hair salon companies can be further improved.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.211-216
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• 2018

The recovery of rare earth elements (REE) including La, Nd and Ce from spent batteries is important issues to reuse scarce resources. Herein, we present a simple recovery process to obtain lanthanum oxide ($La_2O_3$) from spent Ni-MH batteries, and demonstrate the conversion mechanism from $NaLa(SO_4)_2{\cdot}H_2O$ to $La_2O_3$. This strategy requires the initial preparation of $NaLa(SO_4)_2{\cdot}H_2O$ and subsequent metathesis reaction with $Na_2CO_3$ at $70^{\circ}C$. This metathesis reaction resulted in the crystalline lanthanum carbonate hydrate ($La_2(CO_3)_3{\cdot}xH_2O$) powder with plate-like morphology. On the basis of TGA result, the $La_2(CO_3)_3{\cdot}xH_2O$ powder was calcined in air at three different temperatures, that is, $300^{\circ}C$, $500^{\circ}C$, and $1000^{\circ}C$. As the calcination temperature increased, the morphology of powder was changed; prism-like ($NaLa(SO_4)_2{\cdot}H_2O$) ${\rightarrow}$ platelike ($La_2(CO_3)_3{\cdot}xH_2O$) ${\rightarrow}$ aggregated irregular shape ($La_2O_3$). Futhermore, XRD results indicated that the crystalline $La_2O_3$ could be synthesized after the metathesis reaction with $Na_2CO_3$, followed by heat-treatment at $1000^{\circ}C$, along with a change of crystallographic structures; $NaLa(SO_4)_2{\cdot}H_2O$ ${\rightarrow}$ $La_2(CO_3)_3{\cdot}xH_2O$ ${\rightarrow}$ $La_2O_3$.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2016

The increase of impervious area in cities caused the unbalanced water cycle system and the accumulated various contaminants, which make troubles as introducing into watershed. In Korea, most of rainfall in a year precipitate in a summer season. This indicate that non-point source pollution control should be more important in summer and careful rainfall reuse strategy is necessary. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to monitor the characteristics of rainfall contaminants harvested in roofs and to develop the rainfall treatment system which are designed to fit well in a typical domestic household including rain garden. The rain garden consists of peatmoss, gravel and san to specially treat the initial rainfall contaminants. For this purpose, lab scale experiments with synthetic rainfall had been conducted to optimize the removal efficiency of TN, TP and CODcr. After lab scale experiments, field scale rainfall treatment system installed as a pilot scale in a field. This system has been monitored during June to July in 2015 in four time rainfall events as investigating the function of time, rainfall, and pollutant concentrations. As results, high loading of pollutants were introduced to the rainfall treatment system and its removal efficiency is increased as increase of pollutant concentrations. Since it is common that the mega-size of rainfall treatment system is not attractive in urban area, small scale rainfall treatment system is promising to treat the non-point source contaminants from cities. In addition, this small scale rainfall treatment system could have a potential to water resue system in islands, which usually suffer the shortage of water.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.383-397
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• 1999

For sites to be investigated, the results of such an investigation can be used in determining foals for cleanup, quantifying risks, determining acceptable and unacceptable risk, and developing cleanup plans t hat do not cause unnecessary delays in the redevelopment and reuse of the property. To do this, it is essential that an appropriately detailed study of the site be performed to identify the cause, nature, and extent of contamination and the possible threats to the environment or to any people living or working nearby through the analysis of samples of soil and soil gas, groundwater, surface water, and sediment. The migration pathways of contaminants also are examined during this phase. Key aspects of cost-effective site assessment to help standardize and accelerate the evaluation of contaminated soils at sites are to provide a simple step-by-step methodology for environmental science/engineering professionals to calculate risk-based, site-specific soil levels for contaminants in soil. Its use may significantly reduce the time it takes to complete soil investigations and cleanup actions at some sites, as well as improve the consistency of these actions across the nation. To achieve the effective site assessment, it requires the criteria for choosing the type of standard and setting the magnitude of the standard come from different sources, depending on many factors including the nature of the contamination. A general scheme for site-specific assessment consists of sequential Phase I, II, and III, which is defined by workplan and soil screening levels. Phase I are conducted to identify and confirm a site's recognized environmental conditions resulting from past actions. If a Phase 1 identifies potential hazardous substances, a Phase II is usually conducted to confirm the absence, or presence and extent, of contamination. Phase II involve the collection and analysis of samples. And Phase III is to remediate the contaminated soils determined by Phase I and Phase II. However, important factors in determining whether a assessment standard is site-specific and suitable are (1) the spatial extent of the sampling and the size of the sample area; (2) the number of samples taken: (3) the strategy of taking samples: and (4) the way the data are analyzed. Although selected methods are recommended, application of quantitative methods is directed by users having prior training or experience for the dynamic site investigation process.