• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2023

Background: Golf is a popular sport involving overhead activity and engagement of the rotator cuff (RC). This study aimed to determine to what level golfers were able to return to golf following RC repair, the barriers to them returning to golf and factors associated with their failure to return to golf. Methods: Patients preoperatively identifying as golfers undergoing RC repair at the study centre from 2012 to 2020 were retrospectively followed up with to assess their golf-playing status, performance and frequency of play and functional and quality of life (QoL) outcomes. Results: Forty-seven golfers (40 men [85.1%] and 7 women [14.9%]) with a mean age of 56.8 years met the inclusion criteria, and 80.1% were followed up with at a mean of 27.1 months postoperatively. Twenty-nine patients (76.3%) had returned to golf with a mean handicap change of +1.0 (P=0.291). Golf frequency decreased from a mean of 1.8 rounds per week preinjury to 1.5 rounds per week postoperatively (P=0.052). The EuroQol 5-dimension 5-level (EQ-5D-5L) index and visual analog scale (EQ-VAS) score were significantly greater in those returning to golf (P=0.024 and P=0.002), although functional outcome measures were not significantly different. The primary barriers to return were ipsilateral shoulder dysfunction (78%) and loss of the habit of play (22%). Conclusions: Golfers were likely (76%) to return to golf following RC repair, including mostly to their premorbid performance level with little residual symptomatology. Return to golf was associated with a greater QoL. Persistent subjective shoulder dysfunction (78%) was the most common barrier to returning to golf.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.290-296
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of three types of different running shoes with different properties on impact variables (PVRGF and VLR) and the lower extremity joint's dynamic stability variables (LyEs of DPA, IEA, FEA, DPAV, IEAV, and FEAV) during running. Method: The participants in this research were 12 males (Age: 22.0 ± 3.3 years, Height: 177.2 ± 4.1 cm, Weight: 74.3 ± 9.6 kg). One type of N company's running shoes and two types (FA, FB) of F company's running shoes were used. As for the properties of the running shoes, thickness (mm), dwell time (ms), peak acceleration (m/s2), and energy return (%) were measured. The motions running at 3.5 m/s on a treadmill (Instrumented treadmill, Bertec, USA) wearing each type of running shoes were analyzed. Results: Although the VLR of the thick running shoes (FB) was smaller than that of the other running shoes (N, FA), the LyEs of PVGRF and DPA were larger (p<.05). Even though the running shoes' dwell time (i.e., impact absorption time) and peak acceleration showed a positive correlation with the LyEs of DPAV, IEAV, and FEAV, the energy return showed a negative correlation (p<.05). Conclusion: Our results indicated that the running shoes with excellent impact absorption function are predicted to be suitable for running beginners who need to reduce the burden of the lower extremity joint during running. The running shoes with excellent energy return are expected to be suitable for mid-and long-distance running elite athletes or marathoners to whom stability and consistency are essential during running.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.175-180
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• 2018

Objective: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) has been considered the primary treatment for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injured patient. However, there is little biomechanical evidence regarding bilateral knee joint biomechanics during landing and cutting task after ACLR. Method: Eighteen females with ACLR participated in this investigation. Double leg jump landing (DLJL) and single leg jump cut (SLJC) biomechanics were assessed. Results: During DLJL, the healthy knee showed greater knee valgus angle at initial contact ($^{\circ}$) compared to the injured knee (Injured: $2.93{\pm}2.59$, Healthy: $4.20{\pm}2.46$, t=2.957, p=0.009). There was a significant difference in anterior tibial shear force ($N{\times}N^{-1}$) with greater in the injured knee (Injured: $1.41{\pm}0.39$, Healthy: $1.30{\pm}0.35$, t=2.201, p=0.042). During SLJC, injured knee showed greater knee extension moment ($N^*m{\times}[N^*m]^{-1}$) compared to healthy knee (Injured: $0.51{\pm}0.19$, Healthy: $0.47{\pm}0.17$, t=2.761, p=0.013). However, there was no significant differences between the knees in the other variables. Conclusion: ACLRfemales exhibited a greater knee valgus angle at initial contact and lesser anterior tibial shear force on the healthy knee during double leg jump landing. In addition, ACLR females showed a greater knee extension moment on the injured knee during single leg jump cut.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.259-267
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to find the relationship between standing posture biomechanics and physical fitness in the elderly. Physical fitness variables and postural variables for 227 (140 women and 87 men) elderly individuals were tested. Physical fitness tests (Korean Institute of Sports Science, 2012) included 3m sit, walk, and return, grip test, 30 second chair sit and stand, sit and reach, figure 8 walks, and 2 minute stationary march. Postural biomechanics variables included resting calcaneal stance position (RCSP), shoulder slope, pelvic slope, knee flexion angle, leg length difference, thoracic angle, and upper body slope. In statistical analysis, multiple regression was conducted by using stepwise selection method via SAS (version 9.2). Analysis for both men and women revealed significant relationships between physical fitness and age, upper body slope, knee flexion angle, leg length difference. Pelvic and thoracic angle were only related to figure 8 walking and sit and reach in women, while RCSP and shoulder slope had no relationship with any physical fitness variables.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.477-487
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• 2022

This study suggests a plan for revitalizing return-to-farming / fishing villages through the marine leisure industry by analyzing the practical problems faced by young and older adults who have returned to the marine leisure field. A case study was conducted to identify the problems faced by those returning to marine leisure, and to determine the measures for revitalizing return-to-farming / fishing villages. Interview participants were those returning to marine leisure and experts in related fields. The problems identified include the exclusive culture of fishing villages, difficulty in raising initial investment funds, and lack of marine leisure education programs for return-to-farming / fishing villages. The proposals to solve these problems and revitalize return-to-farming / fishing villages through the marine leisure industry include the introduction of an incentive system to mitigate barriers to entry; establishment of a matching system; use of idle land in fishing villages to promote return-to-farming / fishing villages; introduction of a consignment management system after the pre-investment of the fishing villages; and establishment of an education program, including in the fisheries field, and infrastructure for return-to-farming / fishing villages for marine leisure.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine how many of our patients who had had anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction returned to their previous levels of sports and to identify why not doing so. Material and Methods: We evaluated 43 knees with a minimum of two years follow-up among whom undergoing 109 ACL reconstruction from September 2003. The mean age of patients was 26 years (17 to 45 years) Clinical results was evaluated according to the Lysholm Knee scores, Tegner activity score, subjective IKDC questionnaires, objective IKDC evaluation form and KT-1000 arthrometer. Results: The overall clinical results demonstrated significant improvement at the final follow-up comparing to preoperative data (P<0.05). Among 43 patients, 25 patients (58%) returned to their previous level of sports and 18 patients (42%) did not. Of whom, 11 patients (61%) were not able to return to sports due to fear to re-injury and 7 patients (39%) suffered from instability and pain. The differences in the Lysholm Scores, KT-1000 arthrometer and subjective IKDC in the 3 groups of patients by ANOVA test were found to be statistically significant (P<0.001). Although there is no difference in objective IKDC and KT-1000 arthrometer, the difference was observed in Tegner activities, subjective IKDC obtained by those who returned to sport and those who had fear to reinjury (P<0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that a quater of patients could not return to their previous level of sport after ACL reconstruction because of fear to reinjury. We thought that not only improving the technique of ACL reconstruction and systemic rehabilitation but also considering psychological factor of patients could allow more patients to return to the previous level of sports.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.162-168
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• 2017

Background: Pelvic ring fractures (PRFs) may influence the daily activities and quality of life of the injured. The aim of this retrospective study was to explore the functional outcomes and factors related to return to work (RTW) after PRF. Methods: During the years 2003-2012, 282 injured individuals aged 20-55 years on the date of the accident, were hospitalized and treated for PRFs in a large tertiary hospital in Athens, Greece. One hundred and three patients were traced and contacted; 77 who were on paid employment prior to the accident gave their informed consent to participate in the survey, which was conducted in early 2015 through telephone interviews. The questionnaire included variables related to injury, treatment and activities, and the Majeed pelvic score. Univariate and multiple regression analyses were used for statistical assessment. Results: Almost half of the injured (46.7%) fully RTW, and earning losses were reported to be 35% after PRF. The univariate analysis confirmed that RTW was significantly related to accident site (labor or not), the magnitude of the accident's force, concomitant injuries, duration of hospitalization, time to RTW, engagement to the same sport, Majeed score, and complications such as limp and pain as well as urologic and sexual complaints (p < 0.05 for all). On multiple logistic regression analysis, the accident sustained out of work (odds ratio: 6.472, 95% confidence interval: 1.626-25.769) and Majeed score (odds ratio: 3.749, 95% confidence interval: 2.092-6.720) were identified as independent predictive factors of full RTW. Conclusion: PRFs have severe socioeconomic consequences. Possible predictors of RTW should be taken into account for health management and policies.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.12-16
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• 2023

Purpose: Postoperative exercise for acute Achilles tendon rupture is important for a patient's return to daily life and sports. On the other hand, the protocol requires considerable effort to educate patients and continuous checking. This study evaluated the outcome of a new simple and delayed rehabilitation protocol after Achilles tendon rupture repair. Materials and Methods: From July 2014 to November 2020, one hundred eighty-three patients were operated on by one surgeon. The exercise protocol was classified into two methods. One group (immediate protocol, control group) started immediate full weight bearing with a 20° plantar flexion range of motion from two days postoperatively. Ankle dorsiflexion was restricted to 0°. The other group (delayed protocol, case group) started full weight bearing with a controlled ankle motion boot from two weeks postoperatively. No range of motion exercise was allowed until six weeks postoperatively. Age, sex, body mass index, ankle range of motion, muscle power, time to return to previous physical activity, functional score, and complication rate were evaluated. The results of the two groups were compared using a Mann-Whitney test. Statistical significance was set as p<0.05. Results: The range of motion, double heel rising, and one-leg standing were achieved faster in the control group (p<0.05). However, single-heel rising, repeated single-heel rising, return to previous activity (work, run, and sport), and functional scores showed no statistical difference (p>0.05). Conclusion: Simple and delayed postoperative rehabilitation of acute Achilles tendon rupture without active range of motion exercises showed satisfactory functional results and a low complication rate.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.217-222
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• 2020

A 3-year-old male Thoroughbred serving as a Korean racehorse named RAON PORTEOUS presented with acute lameness concomitant with edema and fever in the right carpal joint after completing a horse race. Through radiological examination using lateromedial oblique, flexed lateromedial oblique and dorsopromixal-dorsodistal oblique views, the horse was diagnosed with a slab fracture in the 3^rd carpal bone of right forelimb. The fracture was surgically approached and corrected by applying 4.5 mm leg screw fixation during surgery. At eight months post-surgery, the horse was able to return to racing and has had successful racing performances with two wins and several prizes in the last 8 months. This is the first reported case of the successful use of lag screw fixation surgery in Korea with the horse showing complete recovery from a severe injury that is often considered fatal in a racehorse.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.293-309
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematic variables of the right-straight punch(RSP) in boxing with three-dimensional analysis technical methods. The subjects are boxers who have been playing in national boxing representative team and the RSP is their special favorite technique, The right-straight punches were filmed on 16mm video cameras(30frames/sec.) The kinematic variables were temporal, postural and center of gravity(COG). The mean and the standard deviation of variables have been obtained and used as basic factors for examining characteristics of the RSP by out-boxers. From the data analysis and discussion, the following conclusions have been drawn. 1) Temporal variables It is a significant characteristic that LDJ and KDM s' the amount of elapsed time(EF) needed for both an attack and a defense were similar : ET for stretch-out of attack-arm was $0.52{\pm}0.04\;sec$. and return was $0.54{\pm}0.01\;sec$. Therefore, a defense motion is as important as an attack motion. 2) Posture variables When the subjects performed a RSP, the significant characteristic of the ankle angle was that it wasn't completely returned to the original position after stretching-out. Therefore it is necessary to do supplementary exercises, such as side steps, to move the center of gravity more effectively. The hee angle was not fully stretched either. In regard to the hip angle, it should be rotated with all strength to harmonize with the direction of movement. 3) Center of Gravity(COG) variables When both LDJ and KDM performed a RSP, a significant characteristic was the transformation of sagittal view rather than transverse or frontal views.