Acknowledgement
Findings from this study were presented at the 2nd International Golf and Health conference, held at the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, on July 18-19, 2022.
References
- Sports Marketing Surveys. Global golf numbers report produced for the R&A. Sports Marketing Surveys; 2017.
- Evans K, Tuttle N. Improving performance in golf: current research and implications from a clinical perspective. Braz J Phys Ther 2015;19:381-9. https://doi.org/10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0122
- Murray AD, Archibald D, Murray IR, et al. 2018 International Consensus Statement on Golf and Health to guide action by people, policymakers and the golf industry. Br J Sports Med 2018;52:1426-36. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099509
- Murray AD, Daines L, Archibald D, et al. The relationships between golf and health: a scoping review. Br J Sports Med 2017;51:12-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096625
- Gosheger G, Liem D, Ludwig K, Greshake O, Winkelmann W. Injuries and overuse syndromes in golf. Am J Sports Med 2003;31:438-43. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465030310031901
- Robinson PG, Murray IR, Duckworth AD, et al. Systematic review of musculoskeletal injuries in professional golfers. Br J Sports Med 2019;53:13-8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099572
- Hovis WD, Dean MT, Mallon WJ, Hawkins RJ. Posterior instability of the shoulder with secondary impingement in elite golfers. Am J Sports Med 2002;30:886-90. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465020300062101
- Mallon WJ, Colosimo AJ. Acromioclavicular joint injury in competitive golfers. J South Orthop Assoc 1995;4:277-82.
- Vives MJ, Miller LS, Rubenstein DL, Taliwal RV, Becker CE. Repair of rotator cuff tears in golfers. Arthroscopy 2001;17:165-72. https://doi.org/10.1053/jars.2001.19654
- McCarroll JR, Gioe TJ. Professional golfers and the price they pay. Phys Sportsmed 1982;10:64-70. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.1982.11947272
- Minagawa H, Yamamoto N, Abe H, et al. Prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic rotator cuff tears in the general population: from mass-screening in one village. J Orthop 2013;10:8-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jor.2013.01.008
- Escamilla RF, Andrews JR. Shoulder muscle recruitment patterns and related biomechanics during upper extremity sports. Sports Med 2009;39:569-90. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200939070-00004
- Jobe FW, Moynes DR, Antonelli DJ. Rotator cuff function during a golf swing. Am J Sports Med 1986;14:388-92. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354658601400509
- Dunn WR, Kuhn JE, Sanders R, et al. 2013 Neer Award: predictors of failure of nonoperative treatment of chronic, symptomatic, full-thickness rotator cuff tears. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2016;25:1303-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2016.04.030
- Klouche S, Lefevre N, Herman S, Gerometta A, Bohu Y. Return to sport after rotator cuff tear repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Sports Med 2016;44:1877-87. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546515598995
- Altintas B, Anderson N, Dornan GJ, Boykin RE, Logan C, Millett PJ. Return to sport after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: is there a difference between the recreational and the competitive athlete. Am J Sports Med 2020;48:252-61. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546519825624
- DeOrio JK, Cofield RH. Results of a second attempt at surgical repair of a failed initial rotator-cuff repair. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1984;66:563-7. https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-198466040-00011
- Beaton DE, Wright JG, Katz JN; Upper Extremity Collaborative Group. Development of the QuickDASH: comparison of three item-reduction approaches. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2005;87:1038-46. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.D.02060
- Dawson J, Fitzpatrick R, Carr A. Questionnaire on the perceptions of patients about shoulder surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1996;78:593-600. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.78B4.0780593
- Kirkley A, Griffin S, McLintock H, Ng L. The development and evaluation of a disease-specific quality of life measurement tool for shoulder instability: the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI). Am J Sports Med 1998;26:764-72. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465980260060501
- Herdman M, Gudex C, Lloyd A, et al. Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D5L). Qual Life Res 2011;20:1727-36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-011-9903-x
- Scott CE, MacDonald DJ, Howie CR. 'Worse than death' and waiting for a joint arthroplasty. Bone Joint J 2019;101:941-50. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.101B8.BJJ-2019-0116.R1
- Lakens D. Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: a practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs. Front Psychol 2013;4:863.
- Liu SH. Arthroscopically-assisted rotator-cuff repair. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1994;76:592-5. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.76B4.8027147
- Liem D, Lichtenberg S, Magosch P, Habermeyer P. Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in overhead-throwing athletes. Am J Sports Med 2008;36:1317-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546508314794
- Antoni M, Klouche S, Mas V, Ferrand M, Bauer T, Hardy P. Return to recreational sport and clinical outcomes with at least 2years follow-up after arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff tears. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2016;102:563-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otsr.2016.02.015
- Baker CL, Liu SH. Comparison of open and arthroscopically assisted rotator cuff repairs. Am J Sports Med 1995;23:99-104. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354659502300117
- Takayama K, Yamada S, Kobori Y, Shiode H. Modified load sharing rip-stop technique in patients with traumatic transtendinous rotator cuff tear: surgical technique and clinical outcomes. J Orthop Sci 2021;26:589-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jos.2020.06.005
- Tibone JE, Elrod B, Jobe FW, et al. Surgical treatment of tears of the rotator cuff in athletes. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1986;68:887-91. https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-198668060-00010
- Tramer J, Okoroha K, Taylor K, Kuhlmann N, Muh S. Return to golf following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Arthroscopy 2021;37:e73-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2020.12.151
- Robinson PG, Williamson TR, Creighton AP, et al. Rate and timing of return to golf after hip, knee, or shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Sports Med 2022 Jan 12 [Epub]. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465211064292.
- Dines JS, Jones K, Maher P, Altchek D. Arthroscopic management of full-thickness rotator cuff tears in major league baseball pitchers: the lateralized footprint repair technique. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ) 2016;45:128-33.
- Young SW, Dakic J, Stroia K, Nguyen ML, Safran MR. Arthroscopic shoulder surgery in female professional tennis players: ability and timing to return to play. Clin J Sport Med 2017;27:357-60. https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000000361
- Soldatis JJ, Moseley JB, Etminan M. Shoulder symptoms in healthy athletes: a comparison of outcome scoring systems. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 1997;6:265-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1058-2746(97)90015-X
- Williams P, Beard DJ, Verghese N. Yet another iceberg? The hidden potential harm of elective orthopaedic waiting lists [Internet]. Transient J; 2020 [cited 2023 Feb 17]. Available from: https://www.boa.ac.uk/resources/yet-another-iceberg-the-hidden-potential-harm-of-elective-orthopaedic-waiting-lists.html
- British Orthopaedic Association. T&O waiting list the largest for over a decade [Internet]. British Orthopaedic Association; 2022 [cited 2023 Feb 17]. Available from: https://www.boa.ac.uk/resources/t-o-waiting-list-the-largest-for-over-a-decade.html
- Brumitt J, Meira EP, En Gilpin H, Brunette M. Comprehensive strength training program for a recreational senior golfer 11-months after a rotator cuff repair. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2011;6:343-56.
- Raman J, Walton D, MacDermid JC, Athwal GS. Predictors of outcomes after rotator cuff repair: a meta-analysis. J Hand Ther 2017;30:276-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2016.11.002
- Lambers Heerspink FO, Dorrestijn O, van Raay JJ, Diercks RL. Specific patient-related prognostic factors for rotator cuff repair: a systematic review. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2014;23:1073-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2014.01.001
- National Institutes of Health. Quality assessment tool for before-after (pre-post) studies with no control group [Internet]. National Institutes of Health; 2021 [cited 2023 Feb 17]. Available from: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/study-quality-assessment-tools
- Yoo JC, Ahn JH, Koh KH, Lim KS. Rotator cuff integrity after arthroscopic repair for large tears with less-than-optimal footprint coverage. Arthroscopy 2009;25:1093-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2009.07.010
- Frank JB, ElAttrache NS, Dines JS, Blackburn A, Crues J, Tibone JE. Repair site integrity after arthroscopic transosseous-equivalent suture-bridge rotator cuff repair. Am J Sports Med 2008;36:1496-503. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546507313574