• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.209-235
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• 2006

This study was performed to analysis the social worker's duty in korea and suggest for typology duties of 1st grade social worker, 2nd or 3th grade social worker's qualification. 911 social workers responded to questioner. This objectives was accomplished by the measuring to frequency of duties, and the qualifying cognition of each grade social worker's duties. As a result, social worker spent more time carried out maintenance of facility, direct services, intake, management of file and official document duties than personal management, planning and financial program, evaluation and termination duties. Type of social worker's duties fined out composed of 4 type. Type I(The 1st grade social worker's duties) was belonged to 53 task elements, type IV(The 2nd or 3rd grade social worker's duties) was subjected to 11 task elements. 21 task elements performed to either 1st grade social worker or 2nd, 3rd grade social worker by type or uniqueness of social work practices. To allocation of duties by each grade social worker, fitting out of qualification system, the task elements for each grade of social worker must be prescribed by the rules. This allocation of duties by each grade social worker would be utilized to support qualified social work services, and to strengthening of their professional.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.95-109
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to analyze the container terminal operation by considering the key factors that fluctuates the container traffic volume using the System Dynamics (SD) method. The target area of this study is the 'A' container terminal which is located in the Port of Incheon and the simulation period is from 2004 to 2020. As evaluation indexes for container terminal operation, three factors such as 'total sales', 'operating ratio of C/Y' and 'operating ratio of G/C' are selected, and as for the key factors of fluctuating container traffic volume, 'variation ratio of world trade', 'variation ratio of trade among three countries in North-East Asia' and 'variation ratio of won-dollar rate are used. As of 2020, the result of this study is that import-export container traffic volume increases almost 880,000TEU and total sales and operating ratio of G/C each reach 7.1 bilion won and 65 percent. No changes however in loadage and operating ratio of C/Y in 'A' container terminal are indicated. The reason is that capability of C/Y is exceeded. Therefore this study suggest that decision-makers of 'A' container terminal realize the importance of additional space of C/Y.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2020

The society we are living in has being changed to the age of the intelligent information society after passing through the knowledge-based information society in the early 21st century. In this study, we have developed the instructional model for software education based on the machine learning which is a field of artificial intelligence(AI) to enhance the core competencies of learners required in the intelligent information society. This model is focusing on enhancing the core competencies through the process of problem-solving as well as reducing the burden of learning about AI itself. The specific stages of the developed model are consisted of seven levels which are 'Problem Recognition and Analysis', 'Data Collection', 'Data Processing and Feature Extraction', 'ML Model Training and Evaluation', 'ML Programming', 'Application and Problem Solving', and 'Share and Feedback'. As a result of applying the developed model in this study, we were able to observe the positive response about learning from the students and parents. We hope that this research could suggest the future direction of not only the instructional design but also operation of software education program based on machine learning.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.39-55
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• 2009

For this study, the 'Game Activities' lessons presented in the math textbooks from the 1st grade to the 6th were examined in terms of learning materials, the learning members' make-up, the playing structures, and the relation with the contents. In addition, the survey by means of questionnaires was conducted to analyze the actual condition of teachers' guidance in the field. The findings from this research were as follows: First, as for the activities presented in the textbooks, it turned out that too much emphasis is placed upon plays mainly using learning materials such as cards and dice played by teams of two. In addition, there have been shown negative aspects in various ways of plays putting too much emphasis on certain types of plays such as and structures. As for the relation with the contents, although lots of efforts were taken to connect the playing activity to the lesson contents, there were units presenting plays based on the preceding lesson's repeated activity, ones that have weak link with the contents. Second, it turned out that the teachers had negative attitude on the guidance using the 'Game Activities' lesson, although they were aware of the effects of playing in math learning. This seemed to result from the delicate variety and insufficient preparation for the play. Besides, the findings indicate that the appreciation and activity of the 'Game Activities' lesson presented as a way of performance evaluation. for play need to be provided in school or classrooms for teachers and students to make good use of them.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.235-238
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• 2015

The aims of this study were to evaluate the difference of renal uptake rate in $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ scan on pediatrics by including the bladder. Phantom and Clinical studies were performed. In the phantom study, we put $^{99m}TcO_4{^-}$ (300uCi, 11 MBq) in 3cups filled with distilled water at the rate 1:1:0, 1:1:0.5, 1:1:1, 1:1:2 and were placed Lt kidney, Rt kidney and bladder position on the table. To acquire the image, we used Symbia-E gamma camera from Siemens with preset count method(400,000 counts). In quantitative analysis, the counts of drawing ROIs on the phantom were analyzed. In clinical studies, we analyzed the 20 pediatrics who were examined by $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ scan. At first, the images were acquired with both kidney and bladder. Secondly we acquired images after shielding the bladder. And the data were compared using a pared t-test by SPSS(ver.22.0). As a result of renal phantom's experiment, we compared with average of uptake rate(%), 1:1:0 was Lt 43.32%, Rt 45.97%, 1:1:0.5 was Lt 35.79%, Rt 36.89%, 1:1:1 was Lt 29.68%, Rt 31.45% and 1:1:2 was Lt 22.89%, Rt 24.32%. There was no correlation between the zoom and uptake rate. The results of patient were that excluded bladder was $29.83{\pm}8.81%$(Lt), $24.29{\pm}6.66%$(Rt) and included bladder was $26.65{\pm}8.03%$(Lt, $21.78{\pm}6.24%$(Rt). This is deemed statistically significant (p<0.05). Renal uptake rate was undervalued because the counts of bladder were included in the total counts.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.99-109
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• 2007

There have been few studies on the impacts of independent recurrent and non-recurrent congestion on freeway networks. The main reason is due partly to the lack of traffic data collected during those periods of recurrent and non-recurrent congestion and partly to the difficulty of using the simulation tools effectively. This study has suggested a methodology to analyze the independent impacts of the recurrent and non-recurrent congestion on target freeway segments. The proposed methodology is based on an elaborately calibrated simulation analysis, using real traffic data obtained during the recurrent and non-recurrent congestion periods. This paper has also summarized the evaluation results from the field tests of two ITS technologies, which were developed to provide drivers with real-time traffic information under traffic congestion. As a result, their accuracy may not be guaranteed during the transition periods such as the non-recurrent congestion. In summary, this study has been focused on the importance of non-recurrent congestion compared to recurrent congestion, and the proposed methodology is expected to provide a basic foundation for prioritizing limited government investments for improving freeway network performance degraded by recurrent or non-recurrent congestion.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.440-448
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• 2016

As recent buildings become more air tight, the natural ventilation rate is significantly reduced and it leads to difficulty in removing accumulated moisture in buildings. Hot and humid weather in summer and the large amount of moisture caused by indoor activity are the major factors of moisture problem in Korea. The hygrothermal behavior of building environment has to be considered carefully to reduce condensation risk and mold growth potential, and comfortable indoor environment. In this study, we evaluated hygrothermal behavior of Standard Wood-frame Structure published in the Korea Rural Community Corporation Using WUFI simulation program. The results indicated that the total water contents of wood wall measured in 2014 was lower than wood wall in 2010. As a result of evaluation by separating the farming and fishing areas, Moisture problems in fishing area became larger. The walls had a significant impact on the relative humidity than the temperature each areas. Furthermore, excessive water content problem of the wood-based material was reduced in the wall that could be applied in the fishing villages by changing the outdoor finishing materials. And Mold growth risk on the interior materials could be removed through the different setting of the indoor temperature during summertime.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.441-452
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• 2017

The goal of this study is to explore categories and components of science literacy and investigate the trend in the importance of each category of science literacy required for Koreans living in a future society in 2050 through survey analyses with the public. This study, as a preliminarily research, is a part of a larger project called 'developing science for all Koreans,' which investigates science literacy for all Koreans. According the survey result, the definition of science literacy should include scientific thinking and working methods, application of science, etc. in addition to existing science knowledge. We also suggested science literacy including knowledge and competencies, as well as organization of science subjects in 2050 future school education, and analyzed trends in the importance of science literacy domains. Based on the results, we suggested the scientific method, science knowledge, and science application as domains of science literacy. Discussed in the conclusion are implications and directions for developing 'science for all Koreans' living in a future society in 2050.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.895-900
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• 2012

This paper aims to examine the effect of nanodroplets on pool-type absorption heat transfer enhancement and to find the relationship between the dispersion stability and the absorption performance. The concentrations of oil and surfactant are considered as the key parameters. $C_{12}E_4$ and Tween20 are used as the surfactants and N-decane oil is added to the $NH_3/H_2O$ solution to make the binary nanoemulsion fluids. Binary nanoemulsion fluids are dispersed by the ultrasonic vibrator and the stirrer under specific conditions. The dispersion stability of binary nanoemulsion fluids for each oil concentrations is evaluated from the droplet size and Tyndall effect analysis. The absorption performance of binary nanoemulsion fluids is compared with the result of dispersion stability. In addition, it is found that the binary nanoemulsion fluid is a strong candidate as a new working fluid for absorption applications.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.153-162
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• 2008

Purpose: Recombining bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is usually acquiredfrom high level animals. Though this method is effective, its high cost limits its use. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2 with protein transduction domain (BMP-2/PTD;TATBMP-2) on bone regeneration. Rat calvarial defect model and osteoblastic differentiation model using MC3T3 cell were used for the purpose of the study. Materials and Methods: MC3T3 cells were cultured until they reached a confluence stage. The cells were treated with 0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 500 ng/ml of BMP-2/PTD for 21 days and at the end of the treatment, osteoblastic differentiation was evaluated usingvon Kossa staining. An 8mm, calvarial, critical-size osteotomy defect was created in each of 48 male Spraque-Dawley rats (weight $250{\sim}300\;g$). Three groups of 16 animals each received either BMP-2/PTD (0.05mg/ml) in a collagen carrier, collagen only, or negative surgical control. And each group was divided into 2 and 8 weeks healing intervals. The groups were evaluated by histologic analysis(8 animals/group/healing intervals) Result: In osteoblastic differentiation evaluation test, a stimulatory effect of BMP-2/PTD was observed in 10ng/ml of BMP-2/PTD with no observation of dose-dependent manner. The BMP-2/PTD group showed enhanced local bone formation in the rat calvarial defect at 2 weeks. New bone was observed at the defect margin and central area of the defect. However, new bone formation was observed only in 50% of animals used for 2weeks. In addition, there was no new bone formation observed at 8 weeks. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that BMP-2/PTD(TATBMP-2) have an positive effect on the bone formation in vitro and in vivo. However, further study should be conducted for the reproducibility of the outcomes.