• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 2021

Purpose: How to build the positive emotion of customer is very important, because it affects the positive attitude. Brand evidence has a significant impact on consumer behavior in terms of reinforcing consumers' perception of food service companies and differentiating them from competing brands. Thus, this study examines the effect of brand evidence on emotion (positive emotion and negative emotion), and attitude in restaurant industry. Research design, data, and methodology: This study examines the structural relationship among brand evidence, emotion, and attitude. Brand evidence divide into three sub-dimensions such as physical evidence, core service, and employee service. In order to test the purposes of this study, research model and hypotheses were developed. The questionnaire items were modified and used according to the content of this study based on previous studies. All constructs were measured by multiple items tested and developed in the previous research. The data were collected from 439 restaurant users from Seoul area were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and SmartPLS 3.0 program. A total of 460 questionnaires were distributed and a survey was conducted for 4 weeks, and a total of 439 were used for analysis, excluding non-response data and 21 unusable response data among the collected questionnaires. Frequency analysis was conducted to identify the general characteristics of the survey subjects. To measure the reliability and validity of the measurement tools, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. Structural model analysis was conducted to verify the research model. Result: The findings demonstrate that physical evidence, core service, employee service had positive effects on positive emotion. And core service and employee service had negative effects on negative emotion while physical evidence did not have. Also, positive emotion had positive effect on attitude and negative emotion had negative effect on attitude. Conclusions: The findings of this study provide guidelines on how to enhance competitiveness in restaurant industry through understanding brand evidence's effects on raising perceived consumer's emotion and attitude. Therefore, food service companies should establish a marketing strategy that can stimulate positive emotions through brand evidence, which is all factors related to service brands that influence consumers' evaluation of service products and purchase decision-making process.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.1_2
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• pp.117-128
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• 2003

Software usability is a characteristic of the software that is decided based on learnability, effectiveness, and satisfaction when it is evaluated. The usability is a main factor of the software quality. A software has to be continuously improved by taking guidelines that comes from the usability evaluation. Usability factors may vary among the different software products and even for the same factor, the users may have different opinions according to their experience and knowledge. Therefore, a usability evaluation process must be developed with the consideration of many factors like various applications and users. Existing systems such as satisfaction evaluation and performance evaluation only evaluate the result and do not perform cause analysis. And also unified evaluation items and contents do not reflect the characteristics of the products. To address these problems, this paper presents a evaluation model that is based on the mental model of user and the problems, this paper presents a evaluation model that is based on the mental model of user and the emotion of users. This model uses evaluation factors of the user task which are extracted by analyzing usage of the target product. In the mental model approach, the conceptual model of designer and the mental model of the user are compared and the differences are taken as a gap also reported as a part to be improved in the future. In the emotional factor approach, the emotional factors are extracted for the target products and evaluated in terms of the emotional factors. With this proposed method, we can evaluate the software products with customized attributes of the products and deduce the guidelines for the future improvements. We also takes the GUI framework as a sample case and extracts the directions for improvement. As this model analyzes tasks of users and uses evaluation factors for each task, it is capable of not only reflecting the characteristics of the product, but exactly identifying the items that should be modified and improved.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.131-149
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• 2009

A study on comprehension level of mathematical basic knowledge(MBK) of gifted students in middle school. The interest in mathematics gifted education is very high. However, in reality, there has been a shortage of the analysis of students' achievement result since mathematics gifted education began through the institute of gifted education in the education office in 2003. On this study, MBK is subdivided into definition, property and procedure and then examination questions arc developed on the basis of national level achievement standard. With these examination tools, total inspection was conducted in on metropolitan city and the result was analyzed. First, in a basic definition, relatively low achievement result was seen except the basic concept related operation. Second, in a basic property, very low achievement result was seen in the questions of basic property without basic definition and as a whole, the result was similar with the basic definition. Third, in basic procedure, the achievement result was very remarkable. This result shows we need tn increase the comprehension ability of MBK. To do this, the systematic alternative development of the questions of selecting gifted students and the contents of gifted education is required. This study proposes the meaningful implication to the selection question development related to the MBK and the improvement of gifted education contents. And it is expected to provide the positive change for mathematics gifted education.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.80-102
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper aims to articulate relationship about factors influencing FTA utilization by dividing them into company's external and internal factors and performing investigation on the relationship between FTA utilization and export performance. Design/methodology - This study verified factors influencing FTA utilization by dividing them into company's external and internal factors and performing investigation on the relationship between FTA utilization and export performance. Empirical analysis was performed by setting internal and external factors required for FTA utilization as variables. To achieve this, research model was established based on previous study, hypothesis was deduced, and statistical program were used to test the hypothesis. This study performed empirical analysis using statistical program of SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 for the research model. Findings - Empirical analysis was performed regarding the effect of the FTA utilization on export performance and previous study defined export performance as the company's increased economy benefits through export and increase in new transactions. Analysis was also performed for factors affecting the FTA utilization by the company and through management and response of external factors and internal factors it was confirmed that the FTA utilization by the company led to increase in the company's export performance as a result. This study proposes a method to achieve export performance based on this. Originality/value - Companies seeking to utilize the FTA sign the Contract for the International Sale of goods and there are many conditions to meet in order to receive trade preferences during the transaction process. Existing trade order and order in the FTA have to be followed. Country of origin can be seen as key in the FTA. The Rule of Origin becomes the most important evaluation standard in applying preferential tariff in the FTA. Such regulations can be seen as external factors which cannot be controlled by the company. Internal factors are capabilities owned before that can be controlled by the company. The study sought to test the variables regarding factors centered on such capability. This study verified factors influencing FTA utilization by dividing them into company's external and internal factors and performing investigation on the relationship between FTA utilization and export performance.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.3991-3998
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to effect of muscle activity on muscle architectural of medial gastrocnemius in chronic stroke patient based on ankle joint degree. The subjects of this study were 10 chronic stroke patients modified Ashworth scale(MAS) 2. Ultrasonographic and dynamometer was measured during resting and maximum voluntary isometric contraction(MVIC) on muscle thickness, pennation angle, fascicle length, MVIC. Result from analysis showed that muscle thickness was thinner in the paretic side than in the non-paretic side(p<.001) and the more plantarflexion increased, the thinner muscle thickness became. And at the time of resting rather than of MVIC significant(p<.001). Result from analysis showed that penneation angle was smaller in the paretic side than in the non-paretic side(p<.001) and the more plantarflexion increased, the larger pennation became. And at the time of resting rather than of MVIC significant(p<.001). Result from analysis showed that fascicle was shorter in the paretic side than in the non-paretic side(p<.001) and the more plantarflexion increased, the shorter fascicle length became. And at the time of resting rather than of MVIC significant(p<.001). The results of this study showed that effect of muscle activity on muscle architectural of medial gastrocnemius in chronic stroke patient based on ankle joint degree. Therefore, Ultrasonographic evaluation of chronic stroke patients according ankle joint degree and muscle activity in the clinical diagnosis and therapy is considered a very useful data.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the indications of bionator in Class II division 1 malocclusion, The 48 subjects were classified into good result group(group1) and poor result group(group2) in reference to posttreatment molar relation, posttreatment overbite and overjet, posttreatment profile, and relapse. Pretreatment lateral cephalograms were calculated and evaluated by t-test stepwise discriminant analysis. The results were as follows ; 1. In jaw bone relationship, ANB, facial convexity angle, AB to facial plane angle were significantly different between two treatment groups. In denture pattern, L1 to facial plane, L1 to A-Pog, FMIA, and U1 to facial plane were significantly different and m soft tissue profile, protuberance of lower lip and upper lip were significantly different between tw o treatment groups. 2. The results in according to discriminant analysis stated that L1 to facial plane, ANB, FMIA and protuberance of lower lip help prediction of treatment result of bionator. 3. 3 major influential variables were obtained by stepwise discriminant analysis - L1 to facial plane, articular angle and ANB difference. And Fisher discriminant function was made by these three major variables.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.51
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• pp.173-195
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• 2017

Recently, in South Korea, security management has been strengthened, but there have been an increasing number of cases where the main infrastructure of the country is hacked in the cyber space. South Korea is equipped with sophisticated information and communication technologies, such as Internet, but is threatened by cyber terrorism of North Korea and terrorist organizations. Nevertheless, there is a limit to how to develop a policy and strategic plan for the country, which is related to domestic terrorism and lacks legal and regulatory facilities, and therefore, in this study, proposed suggestions for building adaptive and efficient policy formulation. Based on the theoretical analysis framework of the Strategic Plan for achieving the objectives of the research, we compared the UK 's security strategy with the national security policy of the domestic government. As a result, several problems were derived: First, the domestic security strategy did not take into account the external environment. Secondly, lack of coordination with domestic cyber security goals setting and strategy is causing ambiguity and confusion. Third, the detailed plan of implementation of national security in each province is designed to ensure that there is a possibility that a mixed side effect between ministries and agencies will arise. Fourth, it was found that there was a limit to prepare the evaluation standards for the evaluation and return of domestic security policies in the country. Therefore, in order to establish a policy for the response of domestic cyber terrorism, we set up a vision from long-term perspectives and concrete targets based on the strategic approach of the security policy, It is necessary to present an assignment and formulate an efficient execution plan. It is necessary to maintain and improve the domestic safeguards in order to be able to complement the problems through evaluation and feedback.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.61-70
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• 2012

Purpose - The entry of Super Supermarkets (SSM), operated by large corporations, into the retail distribution market weakens the competitive power of local supermarkets (SM) and their families leading to a rapid collapse of the local-SM market. Accordingly, this is a very sensitive and urgent issue in Korean society and politics. Therefore, the government is required to take steps to activate a local-SM market and regain the loyalty of their customers. However, in spite of the urgent need of a comparative study on the advantages and competitive power of local-SM in relation to the SSM, little research has been done on this issue to date. One purpose of this study is to analyze the differences in store characteristics of the local SM and SSM, and to explore the relationships amongst various store characteristics, such as consumption emotion, relation quality, and store loyalty between store types to provide an efficient solution to activate a local-SM market. Research design, data, methodology - To analyze the differences in the evaluation of store characteristics between store types, and to test the moderator and mediator effects, data were collected from 488 customers in Seoul, Incheon,and Gyeonggi Province. The theoretical model consists of four hypotheses, and data was processed to test these using factor analysis, t-test, regression analysis, hierarchical regression, and the three step regression proposed by Baron and Kenny. Results - First, the analysis shows that local-SM customers evaluate location characteristic factors significantly higher compared to SSM customers. However, SSM customers evaluate quality of merchandise, sales promotion activities, and store environment significantly higher. Yet, there are no significant differences in the evaluation of consumption emotion, relation quality,and store loyalty between the store types. Second, the analysis of moderator effects of the store type show that sales promotion and store atmosphere factors have a significantly negative moderating effecton positive consumption emotion, while positive consumption emotion has a significantly positive moderating effect on absorption of relation quality, while there are no significant moderating effects between consumption emotion and store loyalty. Third, while both trust and absorption of relation quality are partially mediated between consumption emotion and store loyalty, only absorption is partially mediated between positive consumption emotion and store loyalty. There are no significant mediating effects of absorption between negative consumption emotion and store loyalty. Conclusions - We strongly recommend that location restrictions on entrance of SSM into local-SM market should either be further strengthened or sustained for the activation of the local store market. Government should strengthen financial support to improve the quality of merchandise, sales promotion, employee education, store environment of the local-SM by providing appropriate business consulting. Moreover, the result implies that the owners of alocal-SM should take measures to increase customers' absorption and store loyalty, such as store cleanliness, maintaining a delightful atmosphere at the store, and training employees on attitudes towards customers. As this study is restricted within Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi Province, care needs to be taken in generalizing the interpretation and application to the national level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.1283-1289
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• 2013

This study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of black garlic extract on quality characteristics of white pan bread. White pan bread contained black garlic extract at levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% based on flour. Analysis of volume and specific loaf volume, water activity, texture, crumb color, and sensory evaluation of white pan bread were performed. As the amount of black garlic extract increased, volume and specific loaf volume decreased. Hardness, Max. G (maximum gram), gumminess, and cohesiveness by texture analyser showed a higher value in treatment, however, in hardness, no differences were observed between control and treatment with addition of 5% black garlic extract. In crumb color analysis, as the amount of black garlic extract increased, L value decreased and values for a and b increased. On sensory evaluation, no differences were observed between control and treatment containing 5% black garlic extract, however, addition of more than 10% resulted in lower scores. As a result of this study, 5% black garlic extract was considered a reasonable level for preparation of a health promoting white pan bread.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.307-315
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• 2023

Korea controls the departure of vessels based on the Maritime Safety Act such that only ships with seaworthiness can navigate in bad weather, but scientific evaluation results and quantitative basis for the designation of ships subject to control are insufficient. Opinions for improvement are being raised for a reasonable departure control operation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the adequacy of the current departure control standards through actual measurement of tugboats, which are the type of vessels subject to control when a wind and wave advisory is effective, and to present quantitative grounds for improvement of controls. A sensor was installed on the tugboat to measure the ship's three-axis motion and hull acceleration, and the hull motion performance was measured by operating in the sea area with a significant wave height of 3 m. The measured values were compared and analyzed based on seaworthiness evaluation factors and limit value standards. The actual ship was excluded from the current control standard according to tonnage, but as a result of the analysis, the pitch value exceeded the operation standard, and a risk to navigation safety existed. The results of this study suggest the need for additional actual measurement studies that can represent various ship types and specifications and review ship departure control targets.