• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.113-124
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• 2013

This study investigated the relationship between school-age children's overt/covert narcissism with self-control and mothers' parenting. The subjects were 517 children in the 5th and 6th grades attending elementary schools located in Daegu and Gyeongbuk Province. The collected data were analyzed by t-test, Pearson's correlation, multiple regressions and SPSS Win 19.0 was used. The results were as follows: (1) School-age children's overt narcissism differed in boys and girls. However, this was not the case for covert narcissism. (2) The overt narcissism of school-age boys and girls was positively correlated with self-control. However covert narcissism was negatively correlated with self-control. (3) The active-responsive and active-restrictive parenting of mothers influenced on the overt narcissism of school-age boys, while the active-responsive parenting of mothers influenced the overt narcissism of school-age girls. Also, the active-responsive and active-restrictive parenting of mothers influenced the covert narcissism of school-age boys, while the active-responsive and passive-permissive parenting of mothers influenced the overt narcissism of school-age girls. (4) The active-restrictive parenting of mothers was the most powerful factor in the overt/covert narcissism of school-age boys and the covert narcissism of school-age girls.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2009

There are many limitations in dealing with rapidly changing traffic demand in urban cities. Thus recently, traffic operation and management skills are more emphasized rather than the expansion of traffic facilities. In particular, in the interrupted flow formed by signalized intersections, it is quite important to give optimal signal timing to each intersection with consideration of progression. However, as fixed signal times per direction can affect passing capacity in signalized intersections, the present four-signal phase including a left-turn signal has many limitations, including reduction of directional road capacity when traffic demand is increases dramatically during peak hours. Because of this problem, lots of studies about internal metering techniques for oversaturated signal control skills have progressed but these techniques are not used widely due to the absence of detectors for queue sensing in real-time signal control systems. In this research, a new methodology called the "restrictive left-turn signal control", which is already used at the intersection above Samsung subway station, is suggested in order to reduce control delay of urban arterial roads. The restrictive left-turn signal control allows a driver to make a U-turn and then a right turn instead of turning left in that intersection. With this change, the restrictive left-turn signal control can contribute to increased intersection capacity by reducing the number of signal phases and maximizing the through phase time. However, road structure and traffic conditions at the target intersections should be considered before the adoption of the proposed signal control.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.515-529
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• 1998

Burman (1987) and Hall and Titterington (1987) studied kernel smoothing for sparse multinomial data in detail. Both of their estimators for cell probabilities are sparse asymptotic consistent under some restrictive conditions on the true cell probabilities. Dong and Simonoff (1994) adopted boundary kernels to relieve the restrictive conditions. We propose a local linear kernel estimator which is popular in nonparametric regression to estimate cell probabilities. No boundary adjustment is necessary for this estimator since it adapts automatically to estimation at the boundaries. It is shown that our estimator attains the optimal rate of convergence in mean sum of squared error under sparseness. Some simulation results and a real data application are presented to see the performance of the estimator.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.47-60
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• 2004

This survey of 659 mothers examined maternal childrearing attitudes of over-protectiveness vs. active involvement and restrictive and/or evaluative TV/Video viewing mediation in relation to children's emotional, cognitive and social development. Data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression. Maternal over-protectiveness was highly associated with children's negative emotionality and maternal active involvement with children was the most important determinant of children's positive development. Furthermore, appropriate parental mediation of children's TV/Video viewing was related to children's higher cognitive and social ability as well as positive emotionality.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2000년도 제15차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.10-10
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• 2000

Eigenstructure assignment is a typical method with the capability of the consideration of the specifications in time-domain in designing a 1]near control system. In general eigenstructure assignment such that all the desired eigenvalues are exactly assigned to the closed-loop system, the assignment of the eigenvectors is very restrictive. However if the arbitrary point in a certain area as an eigenvalue is allowed to be assigned t the closed-loop system, the assignment of the eigenvector corresponding to this eigenvalue can be much less restrictive. In this paper, the flexible eigenstructure assignment that can assign more closely the desired eigenvector to the closed-loop system by using an optimization technique is proposed.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.125-138
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• 1992

The purpose of the present study was to examine the development of embedding through relative clause formation in the first language acquisition of Korean. Results are reported from the study of the spantaneous natural speech of 36 young Korean children ranging from 16 months to 45 months in age acquiring Korean as their first language in Chinju, Korea. The results revealed a developmental order in the first language acquisition of Korean relative clause structures. Namely, a free or headless relative clause appears to be acquired first, before lexically headed restrictive relative construction. This order is consistent with one evidenced in English (and also Chinese) first language acquisition, 'free' relatives appear to provide a developmentally early stage in the acquisition of restrictive relative clauses. The Korean data provided additional evidence for an intermediary stage with an overt complementizer as well as an overt lexical head. Implications for the results are disscused with regard to a continuous theory of universal grammar in the first language acquisition.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2013

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the workloads of industrial and automobile storage battery industries and their association to biological exposure indices. Background: Occupational lead exposure at battery manufacturing workplace is the most serious problem in safety and health management. Method: We surveyed 145 workers in 3 storage battery industries. Environmental factors(lead in air, temperature, humidity and vibration)), biological exposure indices(lead in blood and zinc protoporphyrin in blood) and individual workload factors(process type, work time, task type, weight handling and restrictive clothing) were measured in each unit workplace. Results/Conclusion: Air lead concentration is statistically significant in associations with workload factors(process type, work time, task type, and restrictive clothing) and environmental factors (humidity and vibration), whereas zinc protoporphyrin in blood are significantly associated with work time and weight handling. And lead in blood is significantly associated with work time, weight handling and temperature. Application: The results of this study are expected to be a fundamental data to job design.

• Language and Information
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.1-29
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• 2014

Relativization is one of the common syntactic operations to merge two different clauses into a single information unit. This operation plays a pivotal role to structuralize multiple clauses cohesively as well as serves to specify the property an individual has within the context. That implies that relativization contributes to information structure of multiclausal sentences. In this context, this paper delves into information structure of relative clauses in English with an eye toward creation of a computational model from a standpoint of machine translation. The current work employs Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG, Pollard and Sag (1994)) as a theory of grammar and Minimal Recursion Semantics (MRS, Copestake et al. (2005) as a meaning representation system. Building upon these formalisms, this paper addresses how information structure of relative clauses can be represented and constrained. The current work makes use of Individual CONStraints (ICONS) for modeling relative clauses with respect to information structure. The current work also investigates which relative clause involves which information structure constraint. The present study argues that non-restrictive relative clauses impose a more specific constraint on information structure than restrictive relative clauses.

• Korea Trade Review
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2021

This paper examines the impact of sanitary and phytosanitary standards (SPS) and technical barriers to trade (TBT) on Korean exports, taking global value chains (GVC) participation into consideration. Using product-level import data from 2000 to 2014, we find heterogeneous effects of importers' SPS and TBT on Korean exports depending on the degree and position of GVC participation. According to the results, trade restrictive effects of SPS and TBT are smaller for industries that are more deeply involved in GVC. However, trade restrictive effects are greater for industries located at a relatively upstream production stage in GVC.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.347-358
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify the association between oral health status and pulmonary ventilatory defects. Methods: The 6th (2013-2015) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data was used. The study subjects were those aged 40-79 who had pulmonary function examination. Complex samples general linear model analysis, Complex samples cross-tabulation analysis, and Complex samples logistic regression analysis were conducted. Results: In terms of restrictive ventilatory defects, the study subjects (8.3%) who recognized that their oral health status was bad outnumbered those who recognized that their oral health status was good (6.1%) (p<0.05). Many of the study subjects who experienced difficulty in biting, chewing and/or speech, and who had an unhealthy periodontal had restrictive ventilatory defects and obstructive ventilatory defects (p<0.05). The association between oral health status and pulmonary ventilatory defects was analyzed. The findings showed that those who had unhealthy periodontal had a 1.33 times higher probability of pulmonary ventilatory defects than those who had a healthy periodontal (p<0.05). After taking into account general characteristics (age, sex, incomes, education, and smoking) of the subjects, the association between oral health status and pulmonary ventilatory defects was analyzed. The result found that only in cases where one experienced dental caries was an association with pulmonary ventilatory defects found. In other words, those who had dental caries showed a 0.73 times higher probability of pulmonary ventilatory defects than those who had no dental caries (p<0.05). Conclusions: Based on the findings of this research, oral health status was found to be associated with pulmonary ventilatory defects. To improve oral health, it is necessary to provide life-cycle stages based oral health education. Therefore, it is required to develop an oral health education program and develop a national oral health policy.