• KCI Concrete Journal
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.47-56
• /
• 2000

Once a structure fabricated with mass concrete is in a form of wall such as retaining wall, side walls of a concrete caisson and so on, cracks induced by hydration heat have been known to be governed by exterior restraints which are mainly related to the boundary conditions of the structure. However, it is thought that the degree of restraints can be alleviated considerably only if a lift height of concrete placement or a panel size of the wall is selected properly before construction. As a way of minimizing thermal cracking commonly observed in massive wall-typed structure, this study aimed at evaluating effects of geometrical configuration on the temperature rise and thermal stress through parametric study. Evaluation of the effect was also performed for cement types using anti-sulphate cement, blast furnace slag cement and cement blended with two mineral admixture and one ordinary Portland Cement. so called ternary blended cement. As a result of analytical study, it was found that a lift height of concrete placement is the most important factor in controlling thermal cracking in massive wall, and the increase of a lift height is not always positive to the crack occurrence as not expected.

• 기본간호학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.28-36
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study were to develop a new restraint for the intensive care units (ICU) and to investigate the application effect in comparison with a control group using existing restraints. Method: A non-equivalent control group non-synchronized quasi-experimental research design was used. The participants were 40 (control 20, experimental 20) patients who were recruited by convenience sampling the ICU of a university hospital. To avoid contamination of the experiment, data for the control group were collected prior to the experimental group. Measurement variables were edema and skin damage (redness and abrasion) at the application site, and nurses' perceived convenience in applying restraints. Results: Three days after applying the restraint, amount of edema at the application site was small and incidence of skin damage decreased in the experimental group in comparison with the control group. Also, score for application convenience measured by the nurses was higher in for the newly developed restraint than for existing restraints. Conclusion: Results indicate that the newly developed restraint has lower effects such as edema and skin damage and is more convenient compared with existing restraints, and is therefore recommended for patients in the ICU.

• 중환자간호학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.62-74
• /
• 2022

Purpose : This study aimed to identify the factors influencing physical restraint-related practice among nurses working in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods : The participants consisted of 169 ICU nurses in three general hospitals in B and U cities. Data were collected from December 2021 to January 2022 through a structured self-administered questionnaire. Demographic characteristics, physical restraint-related practice, Person-centered Critical Care Nursing (PCCN), work environment, and attitudes toward physical restraint use were measured. For data analyses, hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted using SPSS/WIN 25.0. Results : Clinical careers in the ICU, better work environments, higher PCCN levels, and more positive attitudes toward physical restraint use were associated with a better practice of physical restraints, which together explained 35.5% of the total variance of the outcome. Conclusion : Our findings suggest that to promote a safe physical restraint-related practice among ICU nurses, it is important to improve the nursing environment, prepare guidelines for applying PCCN, and provide education for endorsing positive attitudes toward the use of physical restraints.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제41권5호
• /
• pp.625-636
• /
• 2021

This paper examines the fire performance of uninsulated and uncoated restrained steel-concrete composite beams supplemented with externally prestressed strands through advanced numerical simulation. In this work, a sequentially coupled thermo-mechanical analysis is carried out using ABAQUS. This analysis utilizes a highly nonlinear three-dimensional finite element (FE) model that is specifically developed and validated using full-sized specimens tested in a companion fire testing program. The developed FE model accounts for nonlinearities arising from geometric features and material properties, as well as complexities resulting from prestressing systems, fire conditions, and mechanical loadings. Four factors are of interest to this work including effect of restraints (axial vs. rotational), degree of stiffness of restraints, the configuration of external prestressed tendons, and magnitude of applied loading. The outcome of this analysis demonstrates how the prestressing force in the external tendons is primarily governed by the magnitude of applied loading and experienced temperature level. Interestingly, these results also show that the stiffness of axial restraints has a minor influence on the failure of restrained and prestressed steel-concrete composite beams. When the axial restraint ratio does not exceed 0.5, the critical deflection of the composite beam is lower than that of the composite beam with a restraint ratio of 1.0.

• 자동차안전학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 2015

Recently, Child safety has become one of the issue with Q10 dummy representing large child. The objective of this paper was to evaluate performance of three child restraints system (backless booster, high-back booster and without booster) by changing D-ring location in the rear seat. Sled tests were carried out with a Q 10 in 64km/h frontal impact. Before the dynamic sled tests, we assessed dummy positioning with difference in CRS types and height adjustment positions. Dynamic sled test results indicated that there is different performance of CRS types and belt routing. These test results will use as base line data for development CRS safety performance for Q 10.

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국생물물리학회 1996년도 정기총회 및 학술발표회
• /
• pp.10-10
• /
• 1996

High-resolution solution conformation of a novel conotoxin, [Pro 7,13] $\alpha$A-conotoxin $P_{IVA}$, GCCGSYPNAACHPCSCKDROSYCGQ-N $H_2$, has been determined by two-dimensional $^1$H nmr methods in combination with distance geometry calculation to rmsd values of 0.90 $\AA$ and 1.16 $\AA$ for the backbone and heavy atoms, respectively. Total of 324 NOE-derived interproton distance restraints including 33 long-range NOE restraints a well as 11 $\Phi$ and 7 $\chi$$^1$ torsion angle restraints were used for computation of structures. (omitted)d)

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.225-238
• /
• 2012

Steel structural elements with web-tapered I cross section, are usually made of welded thin plates. Due to the nonrectangular shape of the element, thin web section may be obtained at the maximum cross section height. The buckling strength is directly influenced by lateral restraining, end support and initial imperfections. If no lateral restraints, or when they are not effective enough, the global behaviour of the members is characterized by the lateral torsional mode and interaction with sectional buckling modes may occur. Actual design codes do not provide a practical design approach for this kind of elements. The paper summarizes an experimental study performed by the authors on a relevant number of elements of this type. The purpose of the work was to evaluate the actual behaviour of the web tapered beam-columns when applying different types of lateral restraints and different web thickness.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.526-534
• /
• 2019

환자에게 사용되는 신체적 억제대가 신체적, 정신적 윤리적으로 많은 문제점을 일으키지만, 여전히 임상에서는 무분별하게 사용되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 요양병원 간호사의 신체적 억제대 사용과 관련된 간호실무에 대한 관련 요인을 확인하기 위한 서술적 상관관계 조사연구를 시행하였다. 자료 수집은 2017년 1월 2일부터 6월 30일까지 11개의 요양병원 간호사 128명을 대상으로 자가 보고식 설문지를 통해 시행되었다. 자료 분석은 기술적 통계, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Welch's test, Pearson correlation coefficients 및 다중 회귀분석을 사용하였다. 연구결과 요양병원 간호사들의 신체적 억제대에 대한 지식, 태도, 인식 및 간호실무 정도는 보통 정도로 나타났으며, 간호실무와 지식 사이에는 유의한 양의 상관관계가 있었다. 다중 회귀분석을 통해 신체적 억제대 사용과 관련된 간호실무에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 지식(${\beta}=0.27$, p=.002), 태도(${\beta}=-0.17$, p=.044)순으로, 이들 전체 변수의 설명력은 9%였다. 본 연구에서 신체적 억제대 사용에 대한 간호실무에 가장 중요한 예측 인자는 신체적 억제대 사용에 대한 지식임을 확인하였다. 따라서 요양병원에서 신체적 억제대 사용을 줄이기 위한 근거기반의 교육 프로그램의 개발과 적용이 필요하겠다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제20권9호
• /
• pp.167-174
• /
• 2019

본 논문은 요양병원에 재원 중인 만 65세 이상 노인들의 신체적 억제대 사용 실태와 관련된 요인을 확인하기 위해 시도된 서술적 조사연구이다. 자료수집은 2018년 3월 3일부터 3월 29일까지 4개의 요양병원에 재원 중인 만 65세 이상의 노인환자 전산 의무기록을 통해 시행되었다. 자료 분석은 기술적 통계, Pearson correlation coefficients 및 logistic regression을 사용하였다. 연구결과 요양병원 재원 노인의 신체적 억제대 사용률은 83.7%였으며, 가장 많이 사용된 신체적 억제대 유형은 침상난간으로 93.8%의 사용률을 확인하였다. 또한 신체적 억제대 사용에는 낙상 위험점수와 양의 상관관계를, MMSE와는 음의 상관관계가 있었다. 회귀분석 결과로는 낙상 위험점수, MMSE, 치료기구 개수가 신체적 억제대 사용 관련 요인으로 확인되었다. 따라서 낙상위험도가 높은 노인 환자의 경우, 인지장애가 심한 경우, 치료기구의 개수가 많아 유지하기 위해서 신체적 억제대를 사용하는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구결과의 신체적 억제대 사용과 관련된 요인을 통해 노인 환자들에게 신체적 억제대가 아닌 대안을 먼저 적용 할 수 있도록 임상간호실무는 변화되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.179-191
• /
• 2004

A series of experiments were conducted on dental denture base resins for their antibiosis. They were also compared in terms of physical and mechanical characteristics, which led to the following results: 1. As for bacterial deposition, the old products showed a wide range of distribution, while those products containing C. S. had restraints. 2. Among the products containing C. S., those ones of 7, 12 and 20% all had restraints of similar size to slop further bacterial growth. In the meanwhile, the old products had only small-size restraints for bacterial growth. 3. The following changes were observed in the aspect physical characteristics: There were no significance between the old products and the C. S. products. Thus, as for compressive force, the average${\pm}$standard deviation of the old products was $27.4083.{\pm}1.7397$, and those C. S. products of 20% showed the similar $27.5600{\pm}.1976$. In addition, there were no significance between the old products and those ones containing C. S. in terms of tensile force. The tensile force of the old products was $114.5600{\pm}.8916$ in average${\pm}$standard deviation, while there was no differences among the C. S. products of 7, 12, and 20% in that matter.