• Molecules and Cells
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2009

Proteins interact with each other within a cell, and those interactions give rise to the biological function and dynamical behavior of cellular systems. Generally, the protein interactions are temporal, spatial, or condition dependent in a specific cell, where only a small part of interactions usually take place under certain conditions. Recently, although a large amount of protein interaction data have been collected by high-throughput technologies, the interactions are recorded or summarized under various or different conditions and therefore cannot be directly used to identify signaling pathways or active networks, which are believed to work in specific cells under specific conditions. However, protein interactions activated under specific conditions may give hints to the biological process underlying corresponding phenotypes. In particular, responsive functional modules consist of protein interactions activated under specific conditions can provide insight into the mechanism underlying biological systems, e.g. protein interaction subnetworks found for certain diseases rather than normal conditions may help to discover potential biomarkers. From computational viewpoint, identifying responsive functional modules can be formulated as an optimization problem. Therefore, efficient computational methods for extracting responsive functional modules are strongly demanded due to the NP-hard nature of such a combinatorial problem. In this review, we first report recent advances in development of computational methods for extracting responsive functional modules or active pathways from protein interaction network and microarray data. Then from computational aspect, we discuss remaining obstacles and perspectives for this attractive and challenging topic in the area of systems biology.

• 한국보육학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-28
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• 2017

본 연구는 보육교사들이 반응성 상호작용 전략을 적용을 한 후 영아의 중심축 행동의 발달이 어떠한지 살펴본 사례연구이다. 연구 참여자는 H재단에서 수탁 운영하는 직장어린이집 5곳의 만1세 영아 5명과 그들의 담임교사 5명이다. 이 연구에서는 교사-영아 상호작용을 녹화한 동영상, 일화기록, 교사의 반성적 저널, 교사와의 심층면담 자료를 통해 연구대상 영아의 중심축 행동 변화를 분석하였다. 연구결과를 살펴보면 보육교사의 반응성 상호작용 전략 적용은 영아의 중심축 행동(주의집중, 문제해결, 흥미, 협력, 주도성, 공동주의, 애정)을 긍정적으로 변화시켰다. 이러한 연구결과는 영아를 담당하고 있는 보육교사들이 영아의 중심축 행동 발달을 돕기 위해 반응성 상호작용의 중요성을 인식하고 실천해야 함을 시사한다.

• 음성과학
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.35-48
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• 2005

This study was to examine the relationship between maternal interactive behaviors and stuttering behaviors in preschool children who stutter. Participants were twenty-four children who stutter and their mothers. For the purpose of the current study, 5$\sim$10 minutes of 50 minutes videotaped scenes originally collected to develop fluency assessment instrument were re-videotaped. They included mother-child interactions during playing with toys and reading book situations. Mothers-children interactive behaviors were assessed with Maternal Behavior Rating Sroles(MBRS) and Child Behavior Rating Scales (CBRS). And children's stuttering were assessed with Paradise-Fluency Assessment(P-FA). The results were as follows: 1) the maternal interactive behavior did not significantly differ depending on situations, but scores of maternal responsive factor were higher in the play situation than in the reading situation. 2) Maternal responsiveness might influence on promoting the children's pivotal behavior with children who stutter. And 3) the level of maternal responsiveness was the predictor of children's stuttering behaviors. The therapeutic implication of the results were discussed.

• 한국고분자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국고분자학회 2006년도 IUPAC International Symposium on Advanced Polymers for Emerging Technologies
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• pp.3-4
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• 2006

Natural DNAs in dry state, i.e., A-DNAs, when intercalated with low levels of stable organic free radicals or complexed with low levels of Au(III), are attracted at room temperature to commercial magnets, whereas those containing high levels of intercalators or Au(III) are not. This surprising observation is explained by the EPR spectra and SQUID measurement of magnetization of the modified DNAs. It is conjectured that A-DNAs are morphologically heterogeneous containing ordered and disordered regions. The ordered regions appear to strongly mediate magnetic interactions between spins through their ${\pi}_z$-stacked structures. When the modified DNAs are wet or hydrated, they behave diamagnetically.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.341-363
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• 2017

This case study contributes to the efforts on identifying the essential features of responsive teaching practice where students' mathematical thinking is central in instructional interactions. We firstly conceptualize responsive teaching as a type of teachers' instructional decisions based on noticing literature, and agree on the claim which teachers' responsive decisions should be accounted in classroom interactional contexts where teacher, students and content are actively interacting with each other. Building on this responsive teaching model, we analyze classroom observation data of a 7th grade teacher who implemented a lesson package specifically designed to respond to students' mathematical thinking, called Formative Assessment Lessons. Our findings suggest the characteristics of responsive teaching practice and identify the relationship between noticing and responsive teaching as: (a) noticing on students' current status of mathematical thinking by eliciting and anticipating, (b) noticing on students' potential conceptual development with follow-up questions, and (c) noticing for all students' conceptual development by orchestrating productive discussions. This study sheds light on the actual teachable moments in the practice of mathematics teachers and explains what, when and how to support teachers to improve their classroom practice focusing on supporting all students' mathematical conceptual development.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2006

Many of endocrine disrupting chemicals induce effects via interaction with hormone receptors and responsive elements in target cells. We investigated endocrine disrupting effects of some food additives and contaminants including BHA, BHT, ethoxyquin, propionic acid, sorbic acid, benzoic acid, CPM, aflatoxin B1, cadmium chloride, genistein, TCDD and PCBs in yeast transformants expressing human steroid hormone receptors along with steroid responsive elements. The response limit of genetically recombinant yeast to $17{\beta}$-estradiol, testosterone and progesterone was $1{\times}10^{-16},\;1{\times}10^{-12}\;and\;1{\times}10^{-13}M$, respectively. BHT induced weak transcriptional activity in estrogen sensitive yeast, while BHA and sorbic acid interacted weakly with androgen receptor/responsive element. CPM induced transcriptional activities in all types of yeasts sensitive to steroid hormones. Zearalenone and genistein induced high transcriptional activation in estrogen sensitive yeast with relative potencies almost $10^8$ folds lower than $17{\beta}$-estradiol. TCDD induced transcriptional activation weakly in estrogen- and progesterone- sensitive yeasts. This study elucidated that recombinant yeast is a sensitive and high-throughput system and can be used for the direct assessment on chemical interactions with steroid receptors and responsive elements. Also, the present study raises the requirement of evaluation on the endocrine disrupting effects of BHT, BHA, sorbic acid, CPM and TCDD for their transcription activity in yeast screening system though weak in intensity.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.137-149
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• 2001

Matemal behaviors of Korean mothers of one-year-old infants (26 boys and 21 girls) were observed at home. Mothers were from middle to upper-middle class families in Seoul. Trained observers visited the infant's home for 3 to 4 hours and observed infant-mother interactions in natural situation. After the home visit, observers sorted the Maternal Behavior Q-set into 9 piles, from most characteristics to least characteristics of the mothers. In general, Korean mothers were quite sensitive and responsive in their interactions with one-year-old babies. Mothers interpreted baby's cues correctly, noticed when baby was distressed, and slowed pace down to wait for baby's response. Maternal behaviors were somewhat different according to whether they interacted with boys or girls. Mothers of boys were observed to be less sensitive in their interactions than mothers of girls. Mothers of boys were more unaware of or insensitive to baby's signs of distress, their responses were more delayed, and provided baby to constant and unphased barrage of stimulation thus made baby overwhelmed. In contrast, mothers of girls enjoyed face-to-face interactions, slowed pace down, and their interactions revolved around baby's tempo and state.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.69-85
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 논변 중심 과학 수업에서 교사의 반응적 발화가 학생들의 논변 활동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 수업 사례를 탐색함으로써 반응적 교수 실행 전략을 제안하는 것이다. 논변 수업의 경험이 없는 중학교 교사 2명과 학생 57명이 연구에 참여하였으며 '자극과 반응' 단원을 중심으로 논변 활동 중심의 과학 수업이 이루어졌다. 모든 수업과 인터뷰는 녹화, 녹음 후 전사하여 주요 분석 자료로 활용하였다. 근거 이론에 따라 두 교사의 반응적 발화를 유형화하여 논변의 구조적 대화적 측면으로 범주화하였으며, 이를 토대로 교사의 반응적 교수 실행이 드러난 수업 사례를 중심으로 질적 분석을 수행하였다. 연구 결과 두 교사는 논변의 대화적 측면 보다는 구조적 측면에 주로 반응하였는데, 특히 전체 논의 보다는 소집단 활동에서 이러한 양상이 두드러졌다. 이는 한 명의 교사가 짧은 시간 내에 여러 소집단에 개입해야 하는 교실의 상황과 논변 활동의 구조적 측면에 주된 목표를 둔 교사의 인식이 주요 요인이었다. 논변의 구조적 측면에 대한 교사의 반응적 발화 중 학생의 사고를 탐색하거나 추론을 촉진하는 발화는 학생들이 자신의 사고를 드러내고 수업의 목표를 인식하며 추론의 책임을 갖고 스스로 사고해 나가도록 지원하였다. 논변의 대화적 측면에 대한 교사의 반응적 발화는 주로 5차시 수업의 전체 논의에서 다수 나타났는데 소집단 간 논변의 차이를 명확히 보여준 수업 과제가 대화적 상호작용 촉진의 기회를 제공하였다. 이때 교사의 논변 간 공통점과 차이점을 부각시키는 발화, 소집단의 논변을 학급 전체에 발표하게 하는 발화, 특정한 학생을 지목하여 논변을 검증하고 평가하게 한 발화들은 소집단 간 논변의 차이를 명확히 드러내게 하여 소집단 간 검증과 반박을 이끌었고, 서로 다른 주장을 담은 논변 간의 연결을 지속적으로 지원하며 대화적 상호작용을 촉진하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 논변 활동에서 교사의 반응적 교수 실행을 위한 교수 전략을 제언하였다.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.85-100
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• 2020

Distributed energy resources (DERs) are essential for coping with growing multiple energy demands. A microgrid (MG) is a small-scale version of the power system which makes possible the integration of DERs as well as achieving maximum demand-side management utilization. Hence, this study focuses on the analysis of optimal power dispatch considering economic aspects in a multi-carrier microgrid (MCMG) with price-responsive loads. This paper proposes a novel time-based demand-side management in order to reshape the load curve, as well as preventing the excessive use of energy in peak hours. In conventional studies, energy consumption is optimized from the perspective of each infrastructure user without considering the interactions. Here, the interaction of energy system infrastructures is considered in the presence of energy storage systems (ESSs), small-scale energy resources (SSERs), and responsive loads. Simulations are performed using GAMS (General Algebraic modeling system) to model MCMG, which are connected to the electricity, natural gas, and district heat networks for supplying multiple energy demands. Results show that the simultaneous operation of various energy carriers, as well as utilization of price-responsive loads, lead to better MCMG performance and decrease operating costs for smart distribution grids. This model is examined on a typical MCMG, and the effectiveness of the proposed model is proven.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.94-97
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• 2002

Light is one of the most important environmental factors that influence plant growth and development. It does not function independently but exerts its role through coordinated interactions with intrinsic developmental programs, such as hormonal regulation. One typical example is hypocotyl growth in which light signals are modulated through growth hormones. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. We demonstrated that brassinosteroids play an important role in the light signal transduction in etiolated hypocotyl growth. A light-responsive Ras-like G-protein, Pra2 from pea, physically and functionally interacts with a cytochrome P450 that specifically catalyzes C-2 hydroxylation in brassinosteroid biosynthesis. The cytochrome P450 expression, along with Pra2, is induced in the dark and predominantly localized in the rapidly elongating zone of etiolated pea epicotyls. Transgenic plants with a reduced level of Pra2 exhibit a dark-specific dwarfism, which is completely rescued by brassinosteroid application. On the contrary, overexpression of the cytochrome P450 results in enhanced hypocotyl growth even in the light, which phenocopies the etiolated hypocotyl growth. It is therefore envisioned that Pra2 is a molecular switch that mediates the crosstalk between light and brassinosteroids in the etiolation process.