• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.755-771
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• 2014

Environmental changes, especially global climate change, are creating new challenges to the development of the Arctic regions, which have substantial energy resources. And attention to offshore structures has increased with oil and gas development. The structural impact response of an explosion-resistant profiled blast walls normally changes when it operates in low temperatures. The main objectives of this study are to investigate the structural response of blast walls in low temperature and suggest useful guidelines for understanding the characteristics of the structural impact response of blast walls subjected to hydrocarbon explosions in Arctic conditions. The target temperatures were based on the average summer temperature ($-20^{\circ}C$), the average winter temperature ($-40^{\circ}C$) and the coldest temperature recorded (approximately $-68^{\circ}C$) in the Arctic. The nonlinear finite element analysis was performed to design an explosion-resistant profiled blast wall for use in Arctic conditions based on the behaviour of material properties at low temperatures established by performing a tensile test. The conclusions and implications of the findings are discussed.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.53-83
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• 2015

Recently, climate change risk assessment has been discussed as a medium process for making climate change adaptation policies in the research field of climate change adaptation. Climate change risk assessment has been understood to have an intermediary role among impact assessment, vulnerable assessment and policy, and is used in the process of devising adaptation policies in the United Kingdom (UK). This paper quantitatively assessed the risks of climate change in Korea, applied the methods used in the UK, underwent the classification process and suggested implications of Korean adaptation policies. A survey of experts, based on Delphi's method and the classification criterion developed by Klinke and Renn(2002), was also carried out. A list of climate risks was created from the climate change impact and vulnerability assessment report of Korea, first national adaptation policy of Korea, and general climate risks of the UK. From the results, 42 risks out of total 125 risks were selected based on their importance. The assessed risks with factors, such as high impact and urgency, are related to repeated and large scale damage from storms and floods caused by abnormal or extreme weather events. Ecological changes and social infrastructure risks were engaged as required as a policy response for medium to longer term. As for making the classification, types of climate risks were suggested to manage the basic capacity in relation to social trust, triggering mechanism and responsibility. Following suggestions are put forward as the base of autonomous adaptation: increasing the capacity of civil society, mutual trust and civil participation in adaptation policy process.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.89-94
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• 2012

The international community is paying close attention to the climatic changes caused by the meteorological anomalies. In response to such phenomena, after the adoption of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992, efforts to actively respond to the meteorological changes are proliferating all over the world; even in the Republic of Korea, the issue to tackle the meteorological changes has emerged as a top-priority national agenda. In the year of 2008, after the declaration of the low-carbon, green-growth paradigm by the government, the UNFCCC COP15 has announced a 30% reduction target of the emission of the greenhouse gases by 2020 as compared to the "Business As Usual, BAU" and has also confirmed, as a commitment plan to achieve reduction in the emission of greenhouse gases, the reduction target of greenhouse gases for all sectors, industries and years. (26.9% for buildings) Since the construction of the new apartment houses in the year of 2001, the "Building Energy Efficiency Rating", has been applied to newly constructed building complexes, built in 2010; the accumulated emission reduction has been evaluated at around 450,000toe and the accumulated carbon dioxide emission reduction is at $826,000tCO_2$ And through the prediction of these values under various scenarios (New construction, new construction / expansion of existing uses, when transferred to 1stgrade), the effects on the degree of reduction of greenhouse gases by the increased certification of the Building Energy Efficiency Rating are an alyzed and it is our aim to express the importance of the certification system capable of carrying out a quantitative evaluation of the building energy in order to establish the strategy to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide.

• Atmosphere
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.665-672
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• 2016

In this study, we examine future changes in the Hadley cell (HC) strength using CMIP5 climate change simulations. The current study is an extension of a previous study by Seo et al. that used all 30 available models. Here, we select 18-23 well-performing models based on their significant internal sensitivity of the interannual HC strength variation to the latitudinal temperature gradient variation. The model projections along with simple scaling analysis show that the inter-model variability in the HC strength change is a result of the inter-model spread in the meridional temperature gradient across the subtropics for both DJF and JJA, not by the tropopause height or gross static stability change. The HC strength is expected to weaken significantly during DJF, while little change is expected in the JJA HC strength. Compared to the calculations with all model members, selected model statistics increase the linear correlation between the changes in HC strength and meridional temperature gradient by 13~23%, confirming the robust sensitivity of the HC strength to the meridional temperature gradient. Two scaling equations for the selected models predict changes in HC strength better than all-member predictions. In particular, the prediction improvement in DJF is as high as 30%. The simple scaling relations successfully predict both the ensemble-mean changes and model-to-model variations in the HC strength for both seasons.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.139-151
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• 2024

In recent years, consumer clothing behaviors have undergone significant changes due to global phenomena such as climate change, pandemics, and advances in IT technology. Laundry behaviors closely connected to how consumers handle clothes and their clothing lifecycle have also experienced considerable transformations. However, research on laundry behavior has been limited despite its importance in understanding consumer clothing habits. This study employed text mining analysis of social data spanning the past decade to explore overall trends in consumer laundry behavior, aiming to understand key topics of interest and changes over time. Through LDA topic modeling analysis, nine topics were identified. They were grouped into subjects, targets, methods, and reasons related to laundry. Analyzing relative frequencies of keywords for each topic group revealed evolving consumer laundry behavior in response to societal changes. Over time, laundry behavior showed a dispersal of agents and locations, increased diversification of laundry targets, and a growing interest in various methods and reasons for doing laundry. This research sheds light on the broader context of laundry behavior, offering a more comprehensive understanding of consumer attitudes and perceptions than previous studies. It underscores the significance of laundry as a daily, socio-cultural aspect of our lives. Additionally, this study identifies changing customer values and suggests improvements and strategic branding for laundry services, providing practical implications.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.12
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• pp.993-1003
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• 2023

Due to the increasing greenhouse gas emissions, the global mean temperature has risen by 1.1℃ compared to pre-industrial levels, and significant changes are expected in functioning of water supply systems. In this study, we assessed impacts of climate change and instreamflow management on water supply reliability in the Geum River basin, Korea. We proposed univariate climate response functions, where mean precipitation and potential evaporation were coupled as an explanatory variable, to assess impacts of climate stress on multiple water supply reliabilities. To this end, natural streamflows were generated in the 19 sub-basins with the conceptual GR6J model. Then, the simulated streamflows were input into the Water Evaluation And Planning (WEAP) model. The dynamic optimization by WEAP allowed us to assess water supply reliability against the 2020 water demand projections. Results showed that when minimizing the water shortage of the entire river basin under the 1991-2020 climate, water supply reliability was lowest in the Bocheongcheon among the sub-basins. In a scenario where the priority of instreamflow maintenance is adjusted to be the same as municipal and industrial water use, water supply reliability in the Bocheongcheon, Chogang, and Nonsancheon sub-basins significantly decreased. The stress tests with 325 sets of climate perturbations showed that water supply reliability in the three sub-basins considerably decreased under all the climate stresses, while the sub-basins connected to large infrastructures did not change significantly. When using the 2021-2050 climate projections with the stress test results, water supply reliability in the Geum River basin was expected to generally improve, but if the priority of instreamflow maintenance is increased, water shortage is expected to worsen in geographically isolated sub-basins. Here, we suggest that the climate response function can be established by a single explanatory variable to assess climate change impacts of many sub-basin's performance simultaneously.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.221-233
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• 2018

This study was carried out to predict the current and future potential distribution and to identify the factors affecting potential distribution of 7 plants(Lamium amplexicaule L., Trigonotis peduncularis(Trevir.) Benth. ex Hemsl, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) L. W. Medicus, Taraxacum officinale Weber, Veronica persica Poir., Conyza sumatrensis E. Walker, Hypochaeris radicata L.) selected as indicators for climate change in agricultural ecosystem. We collected presence/absence data of 7 indicator plants at 108 sites in South Korea and applied the Maxent model. According to future climate scenario, the distribution area of C. bursa-pastoris(L.) L. W. Medicus, T. officinale Weber, and V. persica Poir. was expected to be reduced, but the distribution range was to be maintained. The distribution areas and range of the C. sumatrensis E. Walker and H. radicata L. were expected to be increased. The distribution area and range of T. peduncularis (Trevir.) Benth. Ex Hemsl. and L. amplexicalue L. were rapidly decreased. Non-climatic factors such as land cover and altitude were the most important environmental variable for T. officinale Weber, C. bursa-pastoris(L.) L.W.Medicus, V. persica Poir., T. peduncularis (Trevir.) Benth. Ex Hemsl., and L. amplexicalue L.. Climatic factors were the most important environmental variable for C. sumatrensis E. Walker and H. radicata L.. It is expected that the future potential distribution of 7 indicator plants response to climate change will be used to monitor and to establish the management plan.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.660-670
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• 2009

This study examines the changes of an interdecadal circulation over the Asian continent to find cause of the surface warming in Siberia from 1958 to 2004. According to our study, there is a coherency between a long-term change of sea surface temperature in the Indian Ocean and the rapid increase of air temperature in Siberia since 1976/1977. In this study, we suggest that mean wind field changes induced by the positive sea surface temperature anomalies of the Indian Ocean since 1976/1977 are caused of inter-decadal variations in a large-scale circulation over the Asian continent. It also indicates that the inter-decadal circulation over the Asian continent is accompanied with warm southerly winds near surface, which have significantly contributed to the increase of surface temperature in Siberia. These southerly winds have been one of the most dominant interdecadal variations over the Asian continent since 1976/1977. In addition, we investigated the long-term trend mode of 850 hPa geopotential height data over the Asian continent from the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis for 1958-2004. In result, we found that there was an anomalously high pressure pattern over the Asian continent, it is called 'the Asian High mode'. It is thus suggested that the Asian High mode is another response of interdecadal changes of large-scale circulations over the Asian continent.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2023

In the past, rice bakanae was considered an endemic disease that did not cause significant losses in Korea; however, the disease has recently become a serious threat due to climate change, changes in farming practices, and the emergence of fungicide-resistant strains. Since the bakanae outbreak in 2006, its incidence has gradually decreased due to the application of effective control measures such as hot water immersion methods and seed disinfectants. However, in 2013, a marked increase in bakanae incidence was observed, causing problems for rice farmers. Therefore, in this review, we present the potential risks from climate change based on an epidemiological understanding of the pathogen, host plant, and environment, which are the key elements influencing the incidence of bakanae. In addition, disease management options to reduce the disease pressure of bakanae below the economic threshold level are investigated, with a specific focus on resistant varieties, as well as chemical, biological, cultural, and physical control methods. Lastly, as more effective countermeasures to bakanae, we propose an integrated disease management option that combines different control methods, including advanced imaging technologies such as remote sensing. In this review, we revisit and examine bakanae, a traditional seed-borne fungal disease that has not gained considerable attention in the agricultural history of Korea. Based on the understanding of the present significance and anticipated risks of the disease, the findings of this study are expected to provide useful information for the establishment of an effective response strategy to bakanae in the era of climate change.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.155-165
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• 2014

In this study, using a complex of physical, chemical, and biological evaluation factors, the ecological vulnerability to climate change were evaluated at each river in the Nakdong river basin. First, runoff, sediment rate, and low flow discharge changes according to AIB climate change scenario using the SWAT model were simulated. Also, for the assessment of chemical and biological factors, 48 points that water quality monitoring sites and ecological health measurement points are matched with each other was selected. The water quality data of BOD and T-P and the biological data of IBI and KSI in each point were reflected in the assessment. Also, the future rise in water temperature of the rivers in Nakdong river basin was predicted, and the impact of water temperature rise on the fish habitat was evaluated. The top 10 most vulnerable points was presented through a summary of each evaluation factor. This study has a contribution to river restoration or management plan according to the characteristics of each river.