• 응용통계연구
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.485-499
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• 2022

표본오차와 비표본오차를 포함하는 총오차(total survey error)를 관리하는 것은 표본설계에서 매우 중요하다. 무응답으로 인해 발생한 비표본오차는 총오차에서 차지하는 비중이 매우 크며 이를 해결하는 방법인 무응답 대체에 관한 다수의 연구가 수행되었다. 최근 전통적 통계학 관련 기법에 추가하여 기계학습 관련 기법을 이용한 무응답 대체법이 다수 연구되고 실질적으로 사용되고 있다. 기존에 발표된 다수의 방법은 MCAR(missing completely at random) 또는 MAR(missing at random) 가정을 사용하고 있다. 그러나 관심변수에 영향을 받는 MNAR(missing not at random) 또는 무시할 수 없는 무응답(non-ignorable non-response; NN)은 편향을 발생시켜 대체 결과의 정확성을 크게 떨어뜨리지만 이에 관한 연구는 상대적으로 미미하다. 본 연구에서는 무시할 수 없는 무응답이 발생한 경우에 적용 가능한 무응답 대체법을 제안하였다. 특히 편향을 추정한 후 이를 제거하는 방법을 이용하여 무응답 대체 결과의 정확성을 향상하는 방법을 제안하였다. 또한, 모의실험을 이용하여 제안된 방법의 타당성을 확인하였다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2020

표본조사는 비용과 시간을 절약하면서도 주어진 정확성을 만족하는 통계를 얻을 수 있다. 그러나 최근에는 다수의 무응답 발생으로 인해 조사의 정확성이 크게 떨어지고 있다. 무응답은 다양한 이유로 발생하고 있으나 무응답이 관심변수와 함수 관계가 있는 경우에는 이 정보를 이용하여 무응답을 적절히 처리해야 추정의 정확성이 유지될 수 있다. 최근 Chung과 Shin (2017, 2019), Min과 Shin (2018)은 응답률이 관심변수의 지수 또는 선형함수이고 초모집단모형의 오차가 정규분포를 따를 때 무응답으로 인해 발생한 편향을 제거함으로써 추정의 정확성이 향상되는 것을 확인하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 사업체조사에서 초모집단모형의 오차가 감마분포 또는 로그-정규분포를 따르는 경우에서의 무응답 편향보정 추정량을 제안하였다. 또한 모의실험을 통하여 제안된 추정량의 우수성을 확인하였다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.400-407
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• 2011

The suggested method of previous Son's study dichotomized subjective response data to modeling noise exposure-response. The method used maximum liklihood estimation instead of least square estimation and the noise exposure-response curve of the study was logistic regression analysis result. The method was originated to modeling community response rate such as %HA or %A. It can be useful when the subjective response was investigated based on predicted noise level. It is difficult to measure the single source emitting noise such as railway because various traffic noise sources combined in our life. The suggested method was adopted to model in this study and railway noise-exposure response curves were modeled because the noise level of this area was predicted data. The data of this study was used by previous Ko's paper but he dealt the area as combined noise area and divided the data by dominant noise source. But this study used all data of this area because the annoyance response to railway noise was higher than other noise according to the result of correlation analysis. The trend of the %HA and %A prediction model to train noise of this study is almost same as the model based on measured noise of previous Lim's study although the investigated areas and methods were different.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.29-41
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• 1994

The purposes of this study are (a)to investigate the effect of follow-up on the increase of response rate;(b)to analyze the effect of follow-up on the statistics by predetermined response rates ; therefore, (c)to describe the importance of high response rate and to suggest methods in order to increase response rate in mail survey. Telephone directory of Seoul was utilized as a sampling frame, and modified Total Design Method(TDM) was applied to collect the data. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Final response rate was 76.5% by 2 follow-ups. 2. The first follow-up with telephone call had a significant effect on increase of response rate. As a result, follow-up by postcard in TDM could be omitted in this method. 3. The second follow-up by registered mail did not have a significant effect. Therefore, use of this procedure is depending upon such research situtations as importance of high response rate and cost available. 4. Follow-ups helped to make collected sample highly representative. 5. Most questionnaires were arrived on the first half of data collection period in each follow-up. 6. Most of questionnaires were collected for 10 weeks. Accumulated responses could be fitted by exponential and logistic curve, simultaneously. The fitted curve suggested that eventually limited number of questionnaires by arrived. So, if researchers want higher response rate, they have to conduct more follow-ups. 7. Statistics in the predetermined response rate were not changed significantly. But replications are needed to generalize this result.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2013

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of the Second Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS), focusing on its validity and reliability. Methods: The external validity was evaluated by the assessment of sampling procedures and the response rate, in order to investigate the representativeness of the sample. The content validity was evaluated by the assessment of the development of the questionnaire, and the consistency of questions for the selected construct. The test-retest method was used to evaluate the reliability by means of a phone call survey of 30% of the respondents, who were randomly selected. The respondents' satisfaction regarding the survey procedures and interview time were analyzed to evaluate the quality of survey data. Results: The external validity was assured by an acceptable sampling procedure, rigid multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling. The content validity was also guaranteed by a reasonable procedure for the development of the questionnaire with a pretest. The internal consistency of the questions for work autonomy was maintained, with 0.738 of Cronbach's alpha. The response rate of 36% was lower than that of the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS), with a contact rate of 66%, compared to 76% for the EWCS. The matching rates of the five retested questions were more than 98% reliable. Conclusion: The quality of the second KWCS was assured by the high external and content validity and reliability. The rigid sampling procedure and development of the questionnaire contributed to quality assurance. The high level of reliability may be guaranteed by the sophisticated field survey procedures and the development of a technical manual for interviewers. The technical strategies for a high response rate should be developed for future surveys.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제16호
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• pp.161-167
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• 1998

The Study to verify the relations between the store choice behavior and the interior environmental image. the point of view is that the image of store affects the behavior of customers when they choose the store for shopping. The method used for this study is library survey for constructing the store choice model and the field survey for veryfying the model. The store choice behavior of customers occurs according to the procedure : environment exposure-development of cognitive structure-image developing by the emotional response-attitude decision- purchasing. The image of a store is one of the very important elements in marketing stragy. The group which showed the affirmative response to the emvironmental design aspects also showed the high affirmative response to the store image. The group which showed consistent response to the image of store and the image of him/herself showed more affirmative response to the environmental design aspects. Good image to a store affects affirmative attitude of customers and it consequently the store choice behavior

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.465-471
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• 2001

Randomized response technique is a survey technique for eliminating evasive answer bias. But this technique has a problem. This procedure suffers from linguistic expression in randomizing device. Thus for solving the problem, in this paper, we suggested the randomized response technique using fuzzy logic.

• 한국조사연구학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조사연구학회 2010년도 추계학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.103-122
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• 2010

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 학술발표 논문집 제16권 제2호
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• pp.408-411
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• 2006

Currently, the nano economy threatens the mass economy. This is based on the internet business models. In the nano business models based on internet, the diversely personalized services are needed. Many researches of the personalization on the web have been studied. The web usage mining using click stream data is a tool for personalization model. In this paper, we propose an internet business model using evolutionary support vector machine and web response survey as a web usage mining. After analyzing click stream data for web usage mining, a personalized service model is constructed in our work. Also, using an approach of web response survey, we improve the performance of the customers' satisfaction. From the experimental results, we verify the performance of proposed model using two data sets from KDD Cup 2000 and our web server.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.275-290
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• 2014

이 연구는 중등학교의 서술형 논술형 평가에 대해 교사들이 갖고 있는 인식과 실제 서술형 논술형 평가를 학교에 어떻게 적용하고 있는지 현황을 파악하기 위한 것이다. 이에 따라 서울특별시와 경기도, 인천에 위치한 중학교의 수학 교사들을(189명) 대상으로 설문을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 첫째, 중등 수학 교사들은 서술형 논술형 평가의 주된 목표를 학습 목표에 따른 성취도 측정, 학생의 창의성과 사고력 신장 등으로 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 교사들은 서술형 논술형 평가의 효과에 대하여 학생들의 수학적 사고력과 문제해결력이 향상될 것으로 인식하고 있었다. 셋째, 서술형 논술형 평가의 실시 현황은 서술형 논술형 문항의 비율이 수행평가에서는 20%미만, 지필평가에서는 20~40%가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 수학과 서술형 논술형 평가를 학교의 정기고사에서 실시하는 경우가 가장 높은 비율로 나타났다.