• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.92-102
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between spiritual wellbeing and hope, and perceived health status of teachers. Subjects for this study were 244 teachers sampled from middle schools in Kyungpuk. Data was collected from August 10, 1998 to August 30, 1998 using a self-reporting questionnaire managed by a trained interviewer. The measurement tool for spiritual wellbeing was a self-report questionnaire which consisted of 20 questions as 6 point Likert scale developed by Palautzian and Ellison(1982). The tool used do measure hope was developed based on a questionnaire consisting of 4 point Likert scale. Analysis of the data done by use of descriptive statistical methods, t-test, Pearson correlation. The result of this study are as follows : 1. The mean score for spiritual wellbeing was 82.32 and the range was 48-120. Among the components of spiritual wellbeing, the mean score for religious wellbeing was 39.23 and for existential wellbeing, 43.09. 2. The mean score for hope in the teacher group was 84.43, and in the school health teacher group, 88. 33, and this was statistically significant. 3. The response rate on good health for the perceived health status questions in the teacher group, 48.2%, and in the school health teacher group, 42.4%. 4. In testing the hypothesis concerning the relationship between spiritual wellbeing and hope, there was a strong positive correlation in both groups. In a comparison of coefficients of religious, existential wellbeing and hope, there was more stronger correlation in existential wellbeing than that in the other two. 5. In testing the hypothesis concerning the relationship between spiritual wellbeing and perceived health status, there was a weak positive correlation in both groups. 6. The mean score for spiritual wellbeing in the school health teacher group was higher than that in the teacher group and the difference was statistically significant. From the above results it can be conclude that : 1. There was strong positive correlation between spiritual wellbeing and hope. 2. There was correlation between spiritual wellbeing and perceived health status. 3. There was difference for spiritual wellbeing between the school health teacher group and the teacher group, and this was statistically significant.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.185-199
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• 2019

Korea's facility horticulture has developed remarkably in a short period of time. However, in order to secure international competitiveness in response to unfavorable surrounding conditions such as high operating costs and market opening, it is necessary to diagnose the problems of facility horticulture and prepare countermeasures through analysis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the case of leading farmers by introducing information and communication technology (ICT) in hydroponic cultivation agriculture and horticulture, and to examine how agricultural technology utilizing smart farm and big data of facility horticulture contribute to farm productivity. Crop growth information gathering and analysis solutions were developed to analyze the productivity change factors calculated from hydroponics tomato farms and strawberry farms. The results of this study are as follows. The application range of the leaf temperature was verified to be variously utilized such as house ventilation in the facility, opening and closing of the insulation curtain, and determination of the initial watering point and the ending time point. Second, it is necessary to utilize water content information of crop growth. It was confirmed that the crop growth rate information can confirm whether the present state of crops is nutrition or reproduction, and can control the water content artificially according to photosynthesis ability. Third, utilize EC and pH information of crops. Depending on the crop, EC values should be different according to climatic conditions. It was confirmed that the current state of the crops can be confirmed by comparing EC and pH, which are measured from the supplied EC, pH and draining. Based on the results of this study, it can be confirmed that the productivity of smart farm can be affected by how to use the information of measurement growth.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.363-377
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• 2019

This study reveals the aspects of subjectivity in the test results in a science-specific aspect when assessing science-related affective characteristic through self-report items. The science-specific response was defined as the response that appear due to student's recognition of nature or characteristics of science when his or her concepts or perceptions about science were attempted to measure. We have searched for cases where science-specific responses especially interfere with the measurement objective or accurate self-reports. The results of the error due to the science-specific factors were derived from the quantitative data of 649 students in the 1st and 2nd grade of high school and the qualitative data of 44 students interviewed. The perspective of science and the characteristics of science that students internalize from everyday life and science learning experiences interact with the items that form the test tool. As a result, it was found that there were obstacles to accurate self-report in three aspects: characteristics of science, personal science experience, and science in tool. In terms of the characteristic of science in relation to the essential aspect of science, students respond to items regardless of the measuring constructs, because of their views and perceived characteristics of science based on subjective recognition. The personal science experience factor representing the learner side consists of student's science motivation, interaction with science experience, and perception of science and life. Finally, from the instrumental point of view, science in tool leads to terminological confusion due to the uncertainty of science concepts and results in a distance from accurate self-report eventually. Implications from the results of the study are as follows: review of inclusion of science-specific factors, precaution to clarify the concept of measurement, check of science specificity factors at the development stage, and efforts to cross the boundaries between everyday science and school science.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.111-121
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• 1995

In Extracting the dynamic parameters for estimating the load carrying capacity and integrity of bridges, both the instrumentation and the processing the data plays important role . When the fixed point can not be secured, it is difficult and expensive to measure dynamic displacements. Even if the displacement is obtained through the integration of the acceleration data, the results can be quite different from the real behavior, because the main frequency contents can be leaked during discretized data processing. The instrumentation is used for measurements, and every measurement involves error and uncertainty, such as systematic, conformance, environmental, observational, sampling, and ranmom error. Systematic and conformance error can be remedied through the proper sellection and installation of the instruments, but sampling and random errors could not have been corrected properly and it becomes the limitation for using acceleration data. In this paper, the errors which can be occurred in numerical processing of dynamic data are referred, and the method to sellect proper sampling rate for the structural frequency range are proposed. Using the proposed method, the displacement response of the structures can be economically obtained from the measured acceleration record, and this procedure can be used properly to estimate the integrity of the bridges and infrastructures subjected to dynamic loads.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.41-51
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• 2020

Purpose: Fast food franchise companies are trying a variety of innovative services to increase their competitiveness in response to changes in population composition in the fast food market and rapid changes in consumption trends due to technological development. From this point of view, franchise companies that have focused on offline store operations are providing O2O (offline to online) service as a core service for customer convenience. This new attempt is a strategy to increase loyalty by applying an interaction method based on understanding the characteristics of new generation consumers. However, existing studies are focused on the relationship between O2O service and acceptance, so very little is known about how O2O service affects customer loyalty. Therefore, this study examines the impacts of customer involvement and relative advantages of fast food O2O service on customer brand engagement (cognitive and affective engagement) and store loyalty for MZ(Millennials - Z) generations. Research design, data, and methodology: In order to achieve the purposes of this research, several hypotheses were developed. The data were collected from 247 questionnaires in their 16-30s and were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and SmartPLS 3.0 program. Measurement model analysis was carried out to assess convergent and discriminant validity. Also, common method bias was tested using the values of VIF (variance inflation factor). The hypotheses was tested using structural equation modeling. Result: First, involvement has a positive effect on cognitive and affective engagement. Second, relative advantages have has a positive effect on cognitive and affective engagement. Third, cognitive influences affective engagement. Finally, both cognitive and affective engagement affect store loyalty, but affective engagement has a stronger effect on store loyalty than cognitive engagement. Conclusions: In the process of consumer-brand interaction, it was confirmed that store loyalty was influenced by cognitive and affective engagement sequentially. However, the results show that affective engagement has a relatively stronger on store loyalty than cognitive engagement. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an O2O service strategy to maintain long-term loyal customers by inducing cognitive participation with high-involved consumer, as well as affective interaction, in order to obtain new customers and increase customer loyalty.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.240-247
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the professional identity levels and characteristics of occupational therapists through Rasch analysis and to use this as the basis for further assessment and research on the same subject. An online survey was conducted, and the response of 88 people working as occupational therapists between May and June 2020 was analyzed. The collected data included the frequency, analyzed by SPSS 22.0 and technical statistics, Winsteps 3.8.0 target and item suitability, item difficulty, level scale, and separation reliability. According to the analysis, 17 (16.3%) of the subjects and 5 (20%) out of 25 items were unsuitable. Item difficulty was the highest in the category "I systematically read professional publications on occupational therapy", and the lowest level of difficulty in "I make my own decisions about what to do." The three-point scale was suitable for the equilibrium scale, and the separation reliability was between .86 and .95. Thus, identity levels and characteristics of occupational therapists, the suitability of items and subjects, and difficulty levels can be identified through Rasch analysis. In the future, research should be conducted on various sample groups, to develop identity measurement tools specifically for occupational therapists, and to present items appropriate to the characteristics of their work.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.33-49
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• 2018

The impact of TV Drama success on TV Rating and the channel promotion effectiveness is very high. The cultural and business impact has been also demonstrated through the Korean Wave. Therefore, the early prediction of the blockbuster success of TV Drama is very important from the strategic perspective of the media industry. Previous studies have tried to predict the audience ratings and success of drama based on various methods. However, most of the studies have made simple predictions using intuitive methods such as the main actor and time zone. These studies have limitations in predicting. In this study, we propose a model for predicting the popularity of drama by analyzing the customer's viewing pattern based on various theories. This is not only a theoretical contribution but also has a contribution from the practical point of view that can be used in actual broadcasting companies. In this study, we collected data of 280 TV mini-series dramas, broadcasted over the terrestrial channels for 10 years from 2003 to 2012. From the data, we selected the most highly ranked and the least highly ranked 45 TV drama and analyzed the viewing patterns of them by 11-step. The various assumptions and conditions for modeling are based on existing studies, or by the opinions of actual broadcasters and by data mining techniques. Then, we developed a prediction model by measuring the viewing-time distance (difference) using Euclidean and Correlation method, which is termed in our study similarity (the sum of distance). Through the similarity measure, we predicted the success of dramas from the viewer's initial viewing-time pattern distribution using 1~5 episodes. In order to confirm that the model is shaken according to the measurement method, various distance measurement methods were applied and the model was checked for its dryness. And when the model was established, we could make a more predictive model using a grid search. Furthermore, we classified the viewers who had watched TV drama more than 70% of the total airtime as the "passionate viewer" when a new drama is broadcasted. Then we compared the drama's passionate viewer percentage the most highly ranked and the least highly ranked dramas. So that we can determine the possibility of blockbuster TV mini-series. We find that the initial viewing-time pattern is the key factor for the prediction of blockbuster dramas. From our model, block-buster dramas were correctly classified with the 75.47% accuracy with the initial viewing-time pattern analysis. This paper shows high prediction rate while suggesting audience rating method different from existing ones. Currently, broadcasters rely heavily on some famous actors called so-called star systems, so they are in more severe competition than ever due to rising production costs of broadcasting programs, long-term recession, aggressive investment in comprehensive programming channels and large corporations. Everyone is in a financially difficult situation. The basic revenue model of these broadcasters is advertising, and the execution of advertising is based on audience rating as a basic index. In the drama, there is uncertainty in the drama market that it is difficult to forecast the demand due to the nature of the commodity, while the drama market has a high financial contribution in the success of various contents of the broadcasting company. Therefore, to minimize the risk of failure. Thus, by analyzing the distribution of the first-time viewing time, it can be a practical help to establish a response strategy (organization/ marketing/story change, etc.) of the related company. Also, in this paper, we found that the behavior of the audience is crucial to the success of the program. In this paper, we define TV viewing as a measure of how enthusiastically watching TV is watched. We can predict the success of the program successfully by calculating the loyalty of the customer with the hot blood. This way of calculating loyalty can also be used to calculate loyalty to various platforms. It can also be used for marketing programs such as highlights, script previews, making movies, characters, games, and other marketing projects.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.224-233
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was conducted to provide basic data for developing an effective strategy for cancer pain management by comparing the levels of barriers to pain management of metastatic or advanced cancer patient and their nurses. Methods: The subject of this study were 155 patients who were treated for metastatic or advanced cancer at one of three hospitals in Seoul from January 2004 to January 2005, and 153 nurses who take care of those patients. The levels of barriers to pain management were measured using a tool developed by Gunnarsdottir et al. (2002), 27 questions on a six point scale. The levels of stresses were measured using a tool modified from a stress response measurement reported by Goh Gyung-bong et al. (2000), 27 questions on a five point scale. The levels of barriers in cancer patients were analyzed using t-test and ANOVA, while the data obtained from patients and nurses were compared by t-test. Results: Higher levels of barriers to pain management were found in three groups: 'less than middle school,' 'not treated with anti-cancer chemotherapy,' and 'ECOG of 2.' The level (2.55) of barriers to pain management in the patient group was higher than that (1.76) of the nurse group. Both of the two groups had high levels of barriers in two variables: 'There is a danger of becoming addicted to pain medicine.' and 'Using pain medicine blocks your ability to know if you have any new pain.' There was not a significant difference in the levels of stresses between the two groups. Conclusion: It was found that, for effective cancer pain management practices, it would be necessary to provide cancer patients and their nurses with education and training about pain management and related barriers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.77-87
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• 1996

In order to compare the difference of the measurement of delta aminolevulinic acid(${\delta}$-ALA) in urine between HPLC method(HALA) and colorimetric method(CALA), and also to provide useful information for the new diagnostic criteria of ${\delta}$-ALA in urine in lead poisoning, if at all possible in the future, authors studied 234 male lead workers who were selected from 7 storage battery factories, 3 secondary smelting industries, and 2 litharge making industries. Study subjects were selected on the basis of blood Zinc protoporphyrin(ZPP) level from low to high concentration to cover wide range of lead exposure. Study variables for this study were ${\delta}$-ALA measured by two different methods, blood lead(PbB), and blood ZPP. The results were as follows: 1. There was very high correlation between ${\delta}$-ALA measured by two method(r = 0.989 : HALA = -0.8194 + 0.8110 ${\times}$ CALA), but the value of CALA was measured about 2mg/L greater than HALA. 2. While the correlations of ${\delta}$-ALA by two method with blood lead and blood ZPP were 0.46 and 0.37 respectively, they were increased to 0.63 and 0.57 if ${\delta}$-ALA values were log-transformed. 3. Simple linear regression of ${\delta}$-ALA measured by two method on ZPP were as follows: CALA = 2.0421 + 0.0341 ${\times}$ ZPP ($R^2=0.1385$ p = 0.0001) HALA = 0.8006 + 0.0280 ${\times}$ ZPP ($R^2=0.1389$ p = 0.0001) 4. Simple linear regression of ${\delta}$-ALA measured by two method on PbB were as follows: CALA = - 0.4134 + 0.1545 ${\times}$ PbB ($R^2=0.2085$ p = 0.0001) HALA = -1.2893 + 0.1287 PbB ($R^2=0.2154$ p = 0.0001), 5. Simple linear regression of log-transformed ${\delta}$-ALA by two method on ZPP and PbB were as follows: logHALA = 0.3078 + 0.0060 ZPP ($R^2=0.3329$ p = 0.0001) logCALA = 1.0189 + 0.0044 ZPP ($R^2=0.3290$ p = 0.0001) logHALA = -0.0221 + 0.0246 PbB ($R^2=0.4046$ p = 0.0001) logCALA = 0.7662 + 0.0184 PbB ($R^2=0.4108$ p = 0.0001) 6. The cumulative percent of colorimetric method to detect lead workers whose value of PbS and ZPP were over screening level such as $40{\mu}/dl$ and $100{\mu}/dl$ respectively was higher than HPLC method if cut-off level of ${\delta}$-ALA for screening of lead poisoning was 5 mg/L. But if cut-off level of ${\delta}$-ALA measured by HPLC was reduced to 3 mg/L which is compatible to 5 mg/L of ${\delta}$-ALA measured by colorimetric method, there were good agreement between two methods and showed dose-response relationship with other lead exposure indices such as PbB and ZPP.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.20-31
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• 2022

Purpose Broad Quantification Calibration(B.Q.C) is the procedure for Quantitative Analysis to measure Standard Uptake Value(SUV) in SPECT/CT scanner. B.Q.C was performed with Tc-99m, I-123, I-131, Lu-177 respectively and then we acquired the phantom images whether the SUVs were measured accurately. Because there is no standard for SUV test in SPECT, we used ACR Esser PET phantom alternatively. The purpose of this study was to lay the groundwork for Quantitative Analysis with various isotopes in SPECT/CT scanner. Materials and Methods Siemens SPECT/CT Symbia Intevo 16 and Intevo Bold were used for this study. The procedure of B.Q.C has two steps; first is point source Sensitivity Cal. and second is Volume Sensitivity Cal. to calculate Volume Sensitivity Factor(VSF) using cylinder phantom. To verify SUV, we acquired the images with ACR Esser PET phantom and then we measured SUV_mean on background and SUV_max on hot vials(25, 16, 12, 8 mm). SPSS was used to analyze the difference in the SUV between Intevo 16 and Intevo Bold by Mann-Whitney test. Results The results of Sensitivity(CPS/MBq) and VSF were in Detector 1, 2 of four isotopes (Intevo 16 D1 sensitivity/D2 sensitivity/VSF and Intevo Bold) 87.7/88.6/1.08, 91.9/91.2/1.07 on Tc-99m, 79.9/81.9/0.98, 89.4/89.4/0.98 on I-123, 124.8/128.9/0.69, 130.9, 126.8/0.71, on I-131, 8.7/8.9/1.02, 9.1/8.9/1.00 on Lu-177 respectively. The results of SUV test with ACR Esser PET phantom were (Intevo 16 BKG SUV_mean/25mm SUV_max/16mm/12mm/8mm and Intevo Bold) 1.03/2.95/2.41/1.96/1.84, 1.03/2.91/2.38/1.87/1.82 on Tc-99m, 0.97/2.91/2.33/1.68/1.45, 1.00/2.80/2.23/1.57/1.32 on I-123, 0.96/1.61/1.13/1.02/0.69, 0.94/1.54/1.08/0.98/ 0.66 on I-131, 1.00/6.34/4.67/2.96/2.28, 1.01/6.21/4.49/2.86/2.21 on Lu-177. And there was no statistically significant difference of SUV between Intevo 16 and Intevo Bold(p>0.05). Conclusion Only Qualitative Analysis was possible with gamma camera in the past. On the other hand, it's possible to acquire not only anatomic localization, 3D tomography but also Quantitative Analysis with SUV measurements in SPECT/CT scanner. We could lay the groundwork for Quantitative Analysis with various isotopes; Tc-99m, I-123, I-131, Lu-177 by carrying out B.Q.C and could verify the SUV measurement with ACR phantom. It needs periodic calibration to maintain for precision of Quantitative evaluation. As a result, we can provide Quantitative Analysis on follow up scan with the SPECT/CT exams and evaluate the therapeutic response in theranosis.