• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.244-252
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• 2002

We must notice ground movement by excavation for reasonable tunnel designs. The convergence confinement method is an attempt to evaluate tunnel stability conditions by means of a mathematical model and a ground response curve. In this study, the convergence confinement method by numerical model was examined. This method don't need the basic assumptions for a mathematical model of circular tunnel shape, and hydrostatic in situ stress. Also modified ground response curve that is calculated after installing the support, is suggested, which informs us the ground movement mechanism. The ground response curve and the support reaction curve are mutually dependent. Especially the support reaction curve depends upon the ground response curve. The mechanism of tunnel must be analyzed by the interaction between support and ground. Consequently the stability of tunnel must be qualitatively investigated by a ground response curve and quantitatively adjudged by a numerical analysis for the reasonable design of tunnel.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.743-752
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• 2002

The estimation of the response curve is the important problem in the quantal bioassay. When we estimate the response curve, we determine the design points in advance of the experiment. Then naturally we have a question of which design would be optimal. As a response curve estimator, locally weighted quasi-likelihood estimator has several more appealing features than the traditional nonparametric estimators. The optimal design density for the locally weighted quasi-likelihood estimator is derived and its ability both in theoretical and in empirical point of view are investigated.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.253-260
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• 1991

The adequacy of anticoagulation with heparin during cardiopulmonary bypass, and precise neutralization with protamine at the conclusion of cardiopulmonary bypass, were important. In sixty children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass, ACT and heparin dose-response curve were studied. Total dose of heparin before bypass were 2.80$\pm$0.74 mg/kg and the amount of protamine administered after bypass were 3.0$\pm$1.23 mg/kg. So protamine: heparin ratio was 1.07: l.c After administration of protamine which dose is calculated with heparin dose-response curve, ACTs were returned to normal range[mean 114.8 $\pm$13 second]. The heparin sensitivity and its half-life do not have relationship with age, weight, height, surface area and urine amount during operation. And there are too much individual variations in heparin sensitivity and its half-life. So conventional heparin protocols can overestimate or underestimate the amount of heparin and protamine. Heparin dose-response curve makes it possible to maintain anticoagulation in a safe range during bypass with adequate amount of heparin individually. At the conclusion of bypass, this curve can be used to predict the precise amount of protamine amount of protamine needed for neutralization of the heparin. But heparin dose-response curve to be used clinically, further studies will be needed about relationship between ACT and heparin level in the high range, influence of hemodilution and hypothermia to ACT and discrepancy between true adequate amount of protamine and calculated amount by heparin dose-response curve.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.273-283
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• 2006

In bioassay, the response curve is usually assumed monotone increasing, but its exact form is unknown, so it is very difficult to select the proper functional form for the parametric model. Therefore, we should probably use the nonparametric regression model rather than the parametric model unless we have at least the partial information about the true response curve. However, it is well known that the nonparametric regression estimate is not necessarily monotone. Therefore the monotonizing transformation technique is of course required. In this paper, we compare the finite sample properties of the monotone transformation methods which can be applied to the local linear quasi-likelihood response curve estimate.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2015

국가 수준의 표준화된 학업 성취도 평가 결과를 분석하여 학생들의 성취 수준을 파악하고 이를 교육정책 수립이나 교수활동 개선에 반영하는 과정은 교육의 책무성으로 중요한 부분이다. 본 연구에서는 과학과 국가 수준 학업 성취도 평가 결과를 분석하고, 답지 반응률 분포 곡선을 활용하여 평가 문항의 특성을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2010년부터 2013년까지 시행된 과학과 성취도 평가 결과를 성취 수준에 따라 분석하였으며, 성취도 점수에 따른 특정 문항의 정오답 반응률을 토대로 최적 곡선을 추정한 그래프인 답지 반응률 분포 곡선을 활용하여 선다형 평가 문항 112개의 정답지와 오답지 반응률 곡선의 유형을 분류하고, 유형별 문항 특성을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 정답지는 5가지 유형(S자형, J자형, 직선형, F자형, 계단형)으로 분류하였고, 오답지는 4가지 유형(보통형, 평지형, 산지형, 상승형)으로 분류하였다. S자형의 정답지 반응 곡선과 보통형의 오답지 반응 곡선이 조합인 문항이 가장 많았으며, 성취 수준에 따라 학생들을 변별하는데 적절한 문항인 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 정답 반응률 분포와 오답 반응률 분포가 서로 연관되는 것으로 나타났다. 연구 결과를 토대로 교수 학습, 교실 평가 등에서 함의를 논의하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.572-581
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• 2006

This study is to investigate dynamic response of concrete buried pipelines with various end boundary conditions and develop a curve fitted equation to ensure practicality and convenience for the use at the actual field for the test of resistance of earthquake. Dynamic response under the various end boundary conditions is calculated with analysis on values and computing programs. However, such a method of analysis requires skillfulness in using computing programs for dynamic movement of buried pipelines with dynamic analysis formula and has lower efficiency and practicality because, in the nature of analysis program of values, it needs much time to conduct repeated calculations. Therefore, the study is intended to develop a curve fitted equation to ensure more efficient and practical analysis. This paper tests various degrees of equation with non-linear least square method and developments a curve fitted equation based on the transmission speed with the best results. In the use of curve fitted equation, degree of polynomial and determining coefficient are influenced by the speed of transmission.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집(II)
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• pp.1059-1064
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• 2002

The behavior of an opening and the performance of support system depend upon the load-deformation characteristics of ground and support as well as of the manner and of timing of support installation. The load-deformation characteristics of ground and support are derived by the interaction between ground and support. The interaction between ground and support is qualitatively illustrated by a ground response curve. The behavior of an opening and the performance of support system depend upon the load-deformation characteristics of ground and support as well as of the manner and of timing of support installation. The interaction between ground and support is qualitatively illustrated by a ground response curve. The convergence-confinement method don't need the basic assumptions for a mathematical model. Also This is applicable to general tunnel. Consequently the stability of tunnel must be qualitatively investigated by a ground response curve and quantitatively adjudged by a numerical analysis for the reasonable design of tunnel.

• Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2001

This paper describes a system that can used to recognize an unknown material regardless of the change of ambient tem-perature using temperature response curve fitting and fuzzy neural network(FNN). There are some problems to realize the recogni-tion system using temperature response. It requires too many memories to store the vast temperature response data and it has to be filtered to remove noise which occurs in experiment. And the temperature response is influenced by the change of ambient tempera-ture. So, this paper proposes a practical method using curve fitting the remove above problems of memories and nose. And FNN is propose to overcome the problem caused by the change of ambient temperature. Using the FNN which is learned by temperature responses on fixed ambient temperature and known thermal conductivity, the thermal conductivity of the material can be inferred on various ambient temperature. So the material can be recognized by the thermal conductivity.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.181-190
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• 2003

수렴-제한법은 수학적 모델 및 지반응답곡선을 통하여 터널안정조건을 평가하는 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 수치적 모델에 의하여 수렴-제한법을 검토하였다. 이 방법은 수학적 모델을 위한 기본가정이 필요 없고, 일반 형태의 터널에 적용할 수 있다. 본 연구결과에 따르면 2차원 수치해석에서 사용되는 숏크리트 강성변화 및 하중분담율은 중요한 요소가 아니며, 지반응답곡선과 지보반응곡선은 상호의존적인 것으로 나타났다. 터널구조는 지반과 지보의 상호작용에 의하여 분석되어야 한다. 그러므로 합리적인 터널설계를 위해서 터널의 안정성은 지반응답곡선에 의한 정성적 판단과 수치해석에 의한 정량적 검토가 필요하다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.780-785
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• 2004

The work presented here deals with controller design by graphical method based on proportional control ramp response. The design aims at the improvement of transient response, disturbance rejection capability, steady-state error reduction with stability preservation. The first step is to generate tracking-error curve with proportional control only and decide the added error signal shape on the error curve. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is confirmed through the simulation and experiment.