• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.153-157
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• 2004

Bacteria isolated from nasal cavity of 50 Thoroughbred horses with respiratory tract infection were examined. There were isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa(33.5%), Escherichia coli(10.2%), Pseudomonas spp(7.6%), Klebsiella oxytoca(5.9%), Streptococcus equi subsp zooepidemious(6.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae(3.4%), Acinetobacter spp(5.5%) and coagulase negative staphylococcus(2.1%). The majority of isolates were highly susceptible to amikacin, amoxicillin, aztreonam, cefotaxime, cefepime, cefotetan, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, imipenem, tetracyclin and vancomycin. These results can provide basic information for the treatments of respiratory tract infections in Thoroughbred horses.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.210-219
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of emergency setting visitors' knowledge and behavior patterns in relation to prevention of respiratory tract infections. Methods: A descriptive survey was used. The participants were visitors to the emergency service in 'D' general hospital in 'D' city, and the data were collected from July 1 to September 1, 2016. The collected data were analyzed using frequency analysis, t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Factors influencing prevention of respiratory tract infections were visitors' education level, methods of dissemination of prevention information, and participants' knowledge with regard to preventive methods. The explanatory power was found to be 35% in the regression model. Conclusion: The findings indicate that visitors' education level, knowledge of infection prevention, and the dissemination of information regarding infection prevention by the hospital play an important role in the prevention of respiratory tract infections in emergency services in the hospital. These results highlight the need for a customized education program for prevention of respiratory tract infections in emergency settings. Programs should take into consideration the educational background of visitors, and provide them with appropriate information regarding infection prevention.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.82-95
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate recent clinical studies on effect of herbal medicine treatment for recurrent respiratory tract infection in children. Methods We searched some clinical studies about recurrent respiratory tract infection in children from the China Academic Journal (CAJ) of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) (January 2011 to December 2015). Results 50 papers were selected from 168 studies. The herbal decoction was main herbal medicine treatment for recurrent respiratory tract infection in children. Commonly used herbs were Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Astragali Radix, Saposhnikovia Radix and Pseudostellariae Radix. Yupingfeng keli was the most frequently used herbal compound. Total effective rate was 66.4-100%, experimental group was significantly higher than control group in 45 papers (P<0.05). Immune index (in 22 papers) and curative effect of TCM syndrome (in 7 papers) were significantly higher than those of control group after treatment (p<0.05). Conclusions Herbal medicine has been shown as an effective treatment on recurrent respiratory tract infection in children. These research results can be utilized in other clinical studies and in treatment of recurrent respiratory tract infection for children.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.129-139
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• 2019

사람의 호흡기계는 감염 질환을 일으키는 세균과 집락균이 복잡하게 공존하는 기관이다. 세균이 배양되지 않아도 분석이 가능한 16S 리보좀 RNA 유전자 서열분석 기법이 도입된 이래 사람의 미생물군 유전체에 대한 많은 연구 성과들이 보고되었다. 출생 후 영아기 호흡기 내의 미생물총 구조는 이후의 호흡기계 건강과 연관이 있음이 관찰되었다. 본 종설에서는 건강한 어린이의 호흡기 미생물총의 발달, 미생물 간 상호 작용, 숙주의 면역에 미치는 영향, 미생물군 유전체와 호흡기 건강의 연관성에 대하여 지금까지 알려진 내용들을 알아보고자 한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.907-916
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• 2012

Burkholderia cepacia is an important pathogen that often causes pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals. Here, it was demonstrated that the TLR5 agonist flagellin could locally activate innate immunity. This was characterized by rapid expressions of IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, and iNOS mRNA and a delay in the expression of IL-10 mRNA. A significant elevation in the IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, and nitric oxide levels was also noted. In the respiratory tract, flagellin induced neutrophil infiltration into the airways, which was observed by histopathological examination and confirmed by the neutrophil count and level of myeloperoxidase activity. This was concomitant with a high activity of alveolar macrophages that engulfed and killed B. cepacia in vitro. The flagellin mucosal treatment improved the B. cepacia clearance in the mouse lung. Thus, the present findings illustrate the profound stimulatory effect of flagellin on the lung mucosal innate immunity, a response that needs to be exploited therapeutically to prevent the development of respiratory tract infection by B. cepacia.

• Journal of Life Science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.17-20
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• 2000

Adenovirus which is an important infectious viral agent in respiratory and alimentary tract was investigated in Pusan, 1999. Fifteen cases of adenovirus were detected from stools and throat swabs of suspected patients. Two cases of enteric adenovirus were detected from a 5 years old boy and a 6-month-old boy. Thirteen cases of respiratory adenoviruses were detected from children aged under 10 years old and one adult. From respiratory specimens, 1 case of adenovirus type 2, 1 case of type 5, and 11 cases of type 3 were found. Enterotype 41 was detected from fecal preparations. Adenoviruses appeared mostly during winter months, January, February and December. Adenovirus showed a slowly progressive cytopathic effect on HEp-2 cells, Vero cells and BGM cells at 37$^{\circ}C$, in a 5-7% $CO_{2}$ incubation. An electron microscopic observation exhibited non-enveloped icosahedron with a diameter of 70nm. No significant differences on cytopathic effect and morphological features have been found from specimens of either alimentary tract or respiratory secretions.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.182-190
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• 2017

Background: Respiratory viruses play a significant role in the etiology of acute respiratory infections and exacerbation of chronic respiratory illnesses. This study was conducted to identify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children with acute viral lower respiratory infections. Methods: This study investigated 1,168 children diagnosed with acute viral lower respiratory tract infections (RTIs) between January 2012 and December 2014. Specimens of respiratory viruses were collected using a nasopharyngeal swab and analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and analyzed the clinical features of children hospitalized for acute lower respiratory infections. Results: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the main cause of infection in children aged <5 years, was the most commonly detected pathogen in children with bronchiolitis and pneumonia, and resulted in high proportions of children requiring oxygen treatment and intensive care unit admission. Rhinovirus was preceded by RSV as the second most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia, and was detected most frequently in the children aged ${\geq}6$ years. In addition, asthma was predominantly caused by rhinovirus in children aged ${\geq}6$ years, whereas croup was mostly caused by parainfluenza virus in those aged <5 years. Rhinovirus infection (p<0.001) and history of asthma (p=0.049) were identified as significant risk factors for readmission within a month. Conclusion: We identified the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of respiratory viruses in children with acute lower respiratory infections during the last 3 years. Our findings may provide useful clinical insight to comprehend the acute viral lower RTIs in children.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2013

Background: This study was performed to investigate the epidemiologic and clinical features of acute respiratory viral infection in hospitalized children. Methods: From 2010 to 2012, we tested nasopharyngeal swab specimen in 1,584 hospitalized children with multiple real-time polymerase chain reactions to identify 10 kinds of respiratory viruses (including influenza virus A, B (FluA, FluB), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (MPV), adenovirus (AdV), human coronavirus (CoronaV), human enterovirus (HEV), human bocavirus (HBoV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), and human rhinovirus (Rhinovirus)). We analyzed the positive rate, annual and seasonal variations, and clinical features (respiratory tract and non-respiratory tract) according to the retrospective review of medical records. Results: Respiratory viruses were detected from 678 (42.8%) of 1,584 patients. The most common detected virus was RSV (35.0%), and then AdV (19.0%), HEV (18.1%). The critical period of the respiratory viral infection was during the first 12 months of a child's life. PIV increased by 8.4%, 12.1%, and 21.1% annually. Bronchiolitis was most frequently caused by RSV, and croup was frequently caused by PIV. The most common cause of meningitis was HEV. Hepatitis-associated respiratory virus was developed 111 in 678 cases. Conclusion: Although this study was confined to a single medical center for three years, we identified the epidemiology and clinical feature of respiratory viruses in Daegu from 2010 to 2012. Future surveillance will be necessary for annual and seasonal variations.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2019

화재 시 발생하는 연기는 가스상 물질과 이들을 흡착한 미연탄소 등의 입자상 물질로 이루어져 있다. 연기 중 가스상 물질의 흡입에 의한 인체피해는 대부분 단기적으로 이루어지는 데 비하여 입자상 물질의 흡입에 의한 피해는 가스상의 흡착상태에 따라서 상대적으로 장기적으로 이루어진다. 입자상 물질이 호흡기벽에 침착하여 호흡기 및 순환기 계통에 영향을 미치는 것과 관련하여, 침착되는 연기입자의 양과 호흡기 내 침착위치는 인체피해 산정의 중요한 요소인데, 이들은 연소조건에 영향을 받는 크기 및 농도 등 입자상태와 함께 호흡조건에 영향을 받는다. 이 연구에서는 화재 시 발생하는 연기의 흡입에 의한 인체피해 연구와 관련된 호흡기 내 연기입자 침착특성 파악을 위하여 연료종류, 연소조건 및 호흡조건에 따라 호흡기 내 영역별로 침착되는 연기입자의 입경에 따른 개수 및 질량 농도를 구하였다. 또한 각 조건별로 흡입연기의 일정기간 동안 호흡기 내 질량 침착량을 대기환경 미세먼지 기준치와 비교 분석하였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.269-276
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• 2009

Viruses are the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in infants and young children and are a major public health problem in this age group. Viruses were identified in 54.9-70.4% of hospitalized infants and children with LRTIs in Korea. The viral pathogens identified included respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) A and RSV B, influenza (Inf) A, Inf B, parainfluenza (PIV)1, PIV2, human bocavirus (hBoV), human rhinovirus (hRV), adenovirus (ADV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), human coronavirus (hCoV)-OC 43, hCoV-229E, hCoV-NL63, hCoV-HKU1, and human enterovirus (hEV). Coinfections with ${\geq}$2 viruses were observed in 11.5-22.8% of children. The occurrence of LRTIs was the highest in the first year of life. The specific viruses are frequently associated with specific clinical syndromes of LRTIs. LRTIs caused by RSV were predominant among younger infants. hRV accounted for a larger proportion of LRTIs in young infants than ADV and hBoV. hMPV was frequently detected in children >24 months old. The number of hMPV infections peaked between February and May, whereas hRV was detected throughout the year. Thus far, hCoV is a less common respiratory pathogen in cases of ALRI and URI in Korean children.