• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 환자 고유의 호흡 패턴을 적용하여 호흡의 규칙성을 향상 시킬 수 있는 호흡 연습장치(respiratory training system)를 개발하여, 호흡에 의한 움직임이 고려된 4D-RT (4-dimension radiation therapy) 또는 4D-CT (4-dimension computed tomography) 수행 시 효율성과 정확성을 높이고자 했다. 개발한 호흡연습장치는 푸리에 급수(Fourier series)를 기반으로 환자 고유의 호흡패턴을 만들어 환자에게 편안한 호흡 유도를 제공한다. 호흡연습장치를 사용했을 때 호흡의 규칙성 향상 정도를 알아보기 위하여 5명의 지원자를 대상으로 실험을 진행하였다. 10개의 자유호흡신호를 획득하여 실험 대상자의 고유한 호흡패턴(guiding waveform)을 만들고, 자유호흡(free breathing)을 3분 동안 시행한 후, 고유한 호흡패턴을 이용하여 호흡을 유도하는 신호모니터-호흡(guide breathing)을 3분 동안 시행하여 데이터를 획득하였다. 획득된 자유호흡과 신호모니터-호흡의 데이터를 이용하여 호흡크기(displacement)와 호흡주기(period)의 변동성을 Root mean square error (RMSE)를 적용하여 정량적으로 비교 분석하였다. 호흡의 변동성을 분석한 결과 신호모니터-호흡은 자유호흡과 비교하여 호흡크기의 경우 최대 40%, 호흡주기의 경우 최대 76%까지 RMSE 값이 감소하였으며, 모든 지원자들의 데이터를 분석한 결과 평균적으로 호흡주기의 경우 RMSE 값이 55% 감소되었고, 호흡크기의 경우 33% 감소하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 호흡연습장치는 실험대상자의 고유한 호흡패턴을 이용하여 규칙적인 호흡을 유도했기 때문에 피실험자는 큰 노력 없이도 신호모니터-호흡을 따라 할 수 있었다. 따라서 규칙적인 호흡을 오랜 시간 지속시킬 수 있다는 측면에서 장점을 가질 수 있으며, 4D RT, 4D CT를 시행 할 경우 규칙적인 호흡을 통해 효율성과 정확성을 향상 시킬 수 있다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2013

Aging is related to anatomical and physiological changes in respiratory and phonation organs. These changes influence articulation which leads to inaccurate speech and slow articulatory diadochokinesis(DDK). DDK indicates the range, rate, regularity, accuracy, and agility of articulation that reflect motor speech function. The purpose of this study is to investigate the rates and regularities of DDK in healthy Korean elderly through passive acoustic analysis (Praat). Thirty subjects between the ages of 65 and 94 participated in this study. Rate was observed for 5 seconds, while regularity was calculated based on the standard deviation on the following: 1) syllable duration of each task; 2) gap duration between syllables. Then, simple regression analysis was conducted in order to examine the effect of age on performance. The result showed that the slow rate was not a significant factor in terms of advancing age. Furthermore, regularity indicated a significant difference in the following: 1) /pʌ/, /kʌ/ and /pʌtʌkʌ/ in syllable duration; 2) /kʌ/ duration in the gap between syllables. In conclusion, articulatory coordination is reduced with the onset of aging. In particular, /kʌ/ would be a sensitive task for articulatory coordination.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2022

Background: We developed a machine vision technology program that tracks patients' real-time breathing and automatically analyzes their breathing patterns. Materials and Methods: To evaluate its potential for clinical application, the image tracking performance and accuracy of the program were analyzed using a respiratory motion phantom. Changes in the stability and regularity of breathing were observed in healthy adult volunteers according to whether the breathing pattern mirrored the breathing guidance. Results and Discussion: Displacement within a few millimeters was observed in real-time with a clear resolution, and the image tracking ability was excellent. This result was consistent even in the sections where breathing patterns changed rapidly. In addition, the respiratory gating method that reflected the individual breathing patterns improved breathing stability and regularity in all volunteers. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that this technology can be used to set the appropriate window and the range of internal target volume by reflecting the patient's breathing pattern during radiotherapy planning. However, further studies in clinical populations are required to validate this technology.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2008

목 적: 호흡을 고려한 사차원방사선치료의 효용성 증대를 위하여, 규칙적이고 안정된 호흡주기 및 호흡량을 갖도록 환자를 교육하고 호흡을 연습시키는 호흡연습장치 및 프로그램을 자체 제작하여 유용성을 평가하였다. 대상 및 방법: 호흡연습장치를 사용시 및 사용후의 호흡의 규칙도의 변화를 측정하기 위해 11명(자원자 9명, 환자 2명)을 대상으로 실험을 실시하였다. 자유롭게 호흡하는 '자유호흡(free-breathing)'법, 자유호흡 시 시뮬레이션 된 표준 호흡주기를 따라함으로써 일정한 호흡주기를 만드는 '신호모니터-호흡(guided-breathing)'법 및 호흡연습 후 시뮬레이션 신호 없이 호흡하는 '연습 후 호흡(postguided-breathing)'법 등 3가지 방법으로 호흡주기를 기록하여 호흡주기(PTP (Peak To Peak))와 호흡크기(Amplitude) 및 호흡패턴(Area, RMS (Root Mean Square))의 변화를 정량적으로 분석하였다. 결 과: 호흡주기를 보여주는 PTP 값은 '신호모니터-호흡'에서 표준편차 값(standard deviation)이 의미 있게 감소하여 호흡주기가 더 규칙적이었고(자유호흡 0.568 vs 신호모니터-호흡 0.344, p=0.0013), '연습 후 호흡'법에서는 '자유호흡' 시보다 표준변동치가 낮아 호흡주기가 보다 안정적이었으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(자유호흡 0.568 vs 연습 후 호흡 0.512, p=ns). 호흡량 측정 결과는 '자유호흡'보다 '신호모니터-호흡'의 경우 호흡량의 표준편차 값이 낮아 호흡량이 보다 일정하게 유지되었으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(자유호흡 1.317 vs 신호모니터-호흡 1.068, p=0.187). 호흡 패턴은 '자유호흡'과 '모니터 호흡' 사이에는 큰 차이가 발생하지 않았지만, '연습 후 호흡'에서는 호흡주기 내 호흡함수의 평균 면적이 7% 감소하였고 RMS 값은 5.9% 감소를 보였다. 결 론: '신호모니터-호흡'에서 호흡주기 및 호흡량이 가장 일정하게 유지되었다. 호흡연습의 효과는 시뮬레이션 신호 없이 호흡하는 '연습 후 호흡'의 경우 시간 경과에 따라 감소할 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구에서 제작한 호흡연습장치 및 프로그램은 호흡의 주기의 규칙성과 호흡량을 일정하게 유지시키는데 효과적으로 평가되었다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2014년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.833-835
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 호흡동조방사선치료(Respiratory Gating Radiation Therapy, RGRT)에서 매우 중요한 요소 중에 하나인 호흡의 안정성을 효과적으로 향상 시킬 수 있는 호흡연습장치(respiratory training system)를 개발하였다. 개발한 호흡연습장치는 개인고유의 호흡주기를 적용하여 환자에게 편안한 호흡유도를 제공한다. 충분한 연습시간을 부여하기 위해 언제 어디서나 쉽고 간편하게 연습 할 수 있도록 휴대형 기기에 모듈화 시켰으며, 이를 환자에게 제공함으로써 호흡동조방사선치료의 효율성과 정확성을 높이고자 했다. 호흡연습장치를 사용했을 때 호흡의 규칙성, 안정성, 지속성 향상 정도를 알아보기 위해 5명을 대상으로 실험을 진행 하고자 한다. 개인이 자유롭게 호흡하는 '자유호흡(free breathing)' 개인고유 호흡주기를 적용하여 시청각 프로그램을 통해 호흡을 유도하는 '모니터호흡(guide breathing)' 호흡연습 후 시청각 프로그램 없이 호흡하는 '예측호흡(predict breathing)' 3가지 호흡법의 데이터를 이용하여 호흡주기(period)와 호흡깊이(amplitude) 및 호흡패턴(Area)의 변화를 정량적으로 분석함으로써 휴대형 호흡연습장치의 유용성을 평가하고자 한다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.180-189
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• 2002

Purpose : This study focused on affirming of the effects of Dan-jun breathing exercise experienced by women in midlife. Method: The data were collected via direct interview from 20 participants, who participated in a Dan-Jun exercise program during three months. Collected data were analyzed by content analysis. Result : 1. As for the health problems of women in midlife before the Dan-jun exercise program, 93 items were extracted in the content analysis These items were categorized into 59 attributes and 15 higher attributes. 1) Of the 59 attributes of health problems, shoulder pain (30%) was the most dominant. 2) The 15 higher attributes consisted for the physical domain of, weakness, pain, joint stiffness, sexual problem, sleep disorder, gastro-intestinal disorder. menstrual irregularity. circulatory disorder, respiratory disorder. constipation, urinary incontinence, and for the psychological domain, anger, emptiness, depression, and anxiety. 2. As for the effects experienced by women in midlife after the Dan-jun exercise program, 169 items were extracted in the content analysis. These items were categorized into 85 attributes and 14 higher attributes. 1) Of 85 attributes, lightening of physical condition (55%) was the most dominant. 2) The higher attributes consisted in physical domain of, recovery of vigor, pain relief, menstrual regularity and improvements in flexibility. sexual problem, sleep disorder, gastro-intestinal disorder, circulatory disorder constipation, respiratory disorder and urinary incontinence, and for the psychological domain, relaxation, cultured mind and self-confidence. Conclusions : Dan-jun breathing exercise program for three months showed positive effects on physical and psychological health in women in midlife. In this context, it can be also considered as a significant nursing intervention for maintenance and promotion of the health of these women.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.401-412
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of Ryodoraku and association of Ryodoraku with gastric dysmotility in functional dyspepsia(FD). Methods : Subjects were 154 patients with FD and 18 patients with asthma. We calculated the average Ryodoraku score(RS, ${\mu}A$) and each variation from physiologic range of 12 Ryodoraku points, and investigated the incidence when left and right points were simultaneously below(bilateral deficiency) or above(bilateral excess) physiologic range. Postprandial regularity of normal slow waves, power ratio, and postprandial % of bowel sound were obtained by electrogastrography and enterotachography, and were used as gastric dysmotility index. Results : 1. Bilateral excess of H4, H5, F1, and F4 and bilateral deficiency of H4, H5, and H6 were characteristic in FD compared with asthma patients. 2. Incidence of gastric dysmotility in bilateral deficiency of H4, H5, and H6 was 100%, and was higher than in total FD patients(88.3%). 3. There was a positive correlation between the variation of H6 and % postprandial bowel sound. 4. Deficient tendency of H4, H5, and H6 was more evident when RS was above $40{\mu}A$ in FD. Conclusions : These findings suggest that gastric dysmotility in FD can be diagnosed when a pattern of H4, H5, H6 bilateral deficiency and F1, F4 bilateral excess is shown at the same time. We think this phenomenon is related to low activity of the vagus nerve rather than meridian pathway with result based on positive correlation between variation of H6 and postprandial % of bowel sound.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.225-242
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to review the relationship between middle-school students' food-behavior and their health conditions/school performances. For this purpose, 495 male and female middle-school students were sampled form seven middle schools located in Seoul for a questionnaire survey. The surveyed data were analysed with simple frequency, percentage, t-test, chi-square test, dispersion analysis, Pearson's correlation and hierarchical multiple-regression analysis which make use of the SPSS/PC+ package system. The results of survey can be summarized as follows; Most of students had three meals a day regularly, but some female students used to skip breakfast or supper. The amount of a mael was adequate. Their main night-smacks were fruits. The problem perceived by students was unbalanced meal ; Female students took more snack than that of male students. They usually took a snack a day. All students tended to take delicious snacks. The most favorate smack of students was fruits. Most students did not suffer any serious diseases, but some had one or more respiratory diseases. Female students had some or other physical troubles in their eyes, mouth, digesting organs, muscle/bone, skin and had fatigue. Female students had mental problems of depression, uneasiness and hostility. The average I.Q. of students was 117.4, and those who had higher I.Q. got much higher scores. The regularity and amount of meal and intake of animal food were all positively related with the growth of height and weight. And the taller, the higher I.Q. they had. Those students who took meals three times regularly and adequately, who had no coffee and snack and who took balanced meals were healthier in both physical and mental terms. In particular, those who had adequate amount of breakfast regularly were not only healthier but also had higher I.Q. and school performance.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.223-237
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• 1992

This study was to examine the association of the health-related behaviors and subjective symptoms with smoking. Data were collected by questionnaire survey during regular health examination from Mar. 23 to Mar. 31, 1992 for 1,615 male freshmen of a university in Kwangju City. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Among the freshmen, 26.9% reported that they were smokers. 69.4% for smokers started smoking for the recent 4 years, and 63.4% for smokers smoked 10 cigarettes or more a day. 2. Meal regularity, meat eating, use of coffee or tea and alcohol drinking were positively associated with the status, the duration and the amount of smoking while the vegetable preference was negatively associated with the status and the duration of smoking. 3. There was no evidence of familial aggregation in smoking status except that of siblings. 4. Respiratory symptoms like cough or phlegm, dyspnea were positively associated with the status, the duration, and the amount of smoking. General symptoms like chest pain, fatigue, back pain, facial edema, and weight loss were positively associated with the duration and the amount of smoking. Other symptoms like headache, dizziness, and myalgia were not associated with smoking. 5. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, cough or phlegm, dyspnea, chest pain, facial edema, and back pain were related to smoking status.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2011

호흡동조 방사선치료 및 체부정위방사선치료시 치료계획과 치료시 치료대상장기가 동일하게 움직이는 것을 확인하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 호흡의 상태를 모니터하는 RPM 자료와, OBI 영상을 이용하여, 치료 중 치료장기의 움직임을 유추하고 분석하는 프로그램을 개발하였다. 기개발된 호흡연습/유도장치를 사용하여 환자호흡의 규칙성을 확보하였다. 호흡의 상태는 RPM 자료를 실시간 모니터하고 또 치료 후에 저장된 RPM 자료를 이용하였고, 호흡 변위를 내부장기의 움직임으로 환산하기 위하여 호흡의 0%, 50% 호흡동조 OBI 영상을 촬영하였다. OBI 영상촬영 시각을 기록하여, 해당시각의 RPM 자료를 읽고, RPM의 변위와 OBI에서 관찰한 종양의 움직임의 상호비례계수를 구하였다. 치료 후 RPM 자료를 읽어 RPM 자료의 최대값, 최소값, 평균값과 표준편차를 자동으로 계산하는 프로그램을 Labview로 제작하였고, 계산된 결과는 excel 파일로 출력되도록 고안하였다. 분석된 RPM 자료에 비례계수를 적용하여 치료시행중 대상장기의 움직임을 유추하도록 하였다. 이와 같이 개발한 방법은 구동팬텀을 이용하여 정확성을 시험하였고, 간의 체부정위방사선치료를 받는 10명의 환자에 대하여 개발한 방법을 적용하여 유용성을 평가하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 호흡분석 방법은 구동팬텀을 이용하여 정확성을 확인하였다. 4 sec 주기의 2 cm의 sine 함수형태의 규칙적인 움직임에서 주기는 0.052 sec (1.3%) 크게, 움직임의 크기는 1.952 cm로 0.048 cm 작게 측정되었다. 환자에게 시험적용에서는 1명의 환자는 치료 전 연습을 위한 가치료시간의 자료분석에서 체부정위방사선치료에 적합하지 않은 것으로 판명되었고, 1명의 환자는 치료계획시보다 장기의 움직임이 크게 분석되어 호흡동조 방사선치료로 전환하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 호흡분석프로그램은 복부부위의 방사선을 받는 모든 환자들의 내부장기의 움직임을 유추하는 데 유용한 것으로 평가되며, 체부정위방사선치료 대상환자들에 대하여, 치료계획시와 동일하게 움직임이 유지되는지 모니터하는 데 유용하였다.