• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.523-537
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• 2008

In Korea, the global warming leads to more frequent high temperature region. increasing the need for research into physical damage caused by high temperature. We therefore analyzed the differences of mortality, caused by extreme heat, among gender and age. We also examined the trend of mortality from high temperature-sensitive diseases. Women are more affected by exposure to high temperature than are men; People over 65 years old have higher mortality rate (1.5 times) than under 65. As for high temperature-related diseases, cerebrovascular disease was the number one cause of death, and chronic lower respiratory disease and cardiovascular disease followed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.42-50
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• 2003

목 적 : 소아의 급성 호흡 곤란 증후군은 직접적 혹은 간접적 폐 손상 후 급성적으로 폐포-모세혈관의 손상이 심하게 진행하는 질환군으로 이에 대한 임상 및 연구 자료들이 아직은 부족한 실정이다. 연자들은 단일 기관에서 경험한 소아의 급성 호흡 곤란 증후군에 대한 발생 양상, 임상 경과, 예후 및 사망 원인들을 분석하여 향후 이 질환에 대한 진단과 치료에 도움이 되고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1992년 1월부터 2001년 12월까지 10년간 신촌세브란스병원 소아과에 내원하여 급성 호흡 곤란 증후군으로 진단되었거나 의심되었던 환아 45명 중 1994년 American-European Consensus Conference에서 제안한 진단 기준에 부합하는 33례를 대상으로 임상 양상과 치료에 대한 후향적 자료 분석을 하였다. 결 과 : 대상 환아 33명의 연령별 발병 빈도는 1세 미만에서 가장 많았으며(7례, 21.2%) 4세 미만의 환아의 수는 20례로 전체의 60.6%를 차지하였다. 반면 연령별 사망률은 1세 미만에서 57.1%로 가장 낮아 전체 사망률 78.8%(26례)에 비해 상대적으로 치료성적이 좋았으나 통계적 의미는 없었다. 남아가 20명이고 여아가 13명으로 남녀비는 약 6 : 4였고 각각의 사망률의 차이는 없었다. 계절별 발병 빈도는 봄철(3-5월)에 12례(36.4%)로 비교적 높았으며 특히 5월에 7례로(21.2%) 가장 높았다. 유발요인으로는 폐렴, 패혈증, 흡인성 사고 등의 순이었으며, 골수 이식 수혜자 1례를 포함하여 면역 결핍 상태의 환아들이 전체의 18.2%(6례)를 차지하였는데 이들 모두가 사망하였다. 내원 당시 흉부 방사선 검사에서 grade 4 이상의 소견을 보인 환아들 중 88.9%(8/9)가 사망하였으나 흉부 방사선 소견에 따른 사망률의 통계학적 차이는 없었다. 진단 시 호흡 부전만 보인 군의 사망률 33.3%(1/3)에 비해 타 장기의 기능 부전이 동반된 군의 사망률이 83.3%(25/30)로 증가되었지만 두 군 사이의 사망률의 통계학적 차이는 보이지 않았다. 생존군과 사망군의 비교에서는 진단후 7일째 헤마토크리트, 동맥혈 산소 분압, 동맥혈 이산화탄소 분압, $PaO_2/FiO_2$, 그리고 호기말 양압 등에서 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 결 론 : 급성 호흡 곤란 증후군의 사망률에는 호흡 부전이 중요한 영향을 미치며 생존을 위한 보다 적극적인 치료가 연구되고 도입되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제79권2호
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• pp.58-69
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• 2016

Lung cancer causes the most cancer deaths in Korea. Although the smoking rate has begun to decrease, the prevalence of lung cancer is still increasing. We reviewed the national lung cancer registry data and the data published about lung cancer in Korea. In 2012, the crude incidence rate of lung cancer was 43.9 per 100,000. The age-standardized mortality rate of lung cancer was 19.8 per 100,000. The 5-year relative survival rate for lung cancer was 11.3% from 1993 to 1995 and increased to 21.9% in the period from 2008 to 2012. Lung cancer occurring in never-smokers was estimated to increase in Korea. Adenocarcinoma is steadily increasing in both women and men and has replaced squamous cell carcinoma as the most common type of lung cancer in Korea. In patients with adenocarcinoma, the frequency of EGFR mutations was 43% (range, 20%-56%), while that of the EMK4-ALK gene was less than 5%.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.38-52
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• 1994

This study examines three different relation effects of air pollution on health in Seoul city during 1988-90 : an effect on respiratory disease mortality, the frequency of hospital in- patients for asthma, and jogging in the morning. The results seemed likely to show positive association between respiratory mortality and asthma in- patients and ozone concentration. It also suggested that jogging as morning exercise was not recommended in the morning because of the highest concentration of major pollutants in the morning 7 : 00-8'00 a.m ). The epidemiological and statistical investigation of air pollution on health effects to be studied in further detail since these findings have provided some limited conclusions.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.579-589
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• 2002

Since the inception of the National Tuberculosis Control Program in 1962, the incidence of tuberculosis and its associated mortality has declined dramatically due to effective anti-tuberculosis drugs and a systematic control program. The prevalence of radiographically active tuberculosis has fallen from 5.1% in 1965 to 1.0% in 1995. However, tuberculosis is still a major problem, as the mortality rate is still higher compared to other developed countries. Furthermore, tuberculosis is currently re-emerging in HIV/AIDS epidemic countries. In order to lower the tuberculosis death rate to the levels of developed countries, the tuberculosis control efforts in private healthcare institutions and the national tuberculosis control program in the public sector, need to work together more effectively and efficiently. In this paper, the quthor reviewed the current situation regarding tuberculosis management in private healthcare institutions of Korea based on the literature and the National Health Insurance Claim data, and the future tasks of tuberculosis management are suggested.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to identify the significant acute physiological predictors of mortality and of functional and cognitive recovery in hemorrhagic stroke patients. Methods: The subjects were 108 hemorrhagic stroke patients admitted to Neurological Intensive Care Unit of a university hospital. Results: The significant physiological predictors of mortality and of functional and cognitive recovery were quite different upon admission Glasgow Coma Scale scores: respiratory rate, hematocrit, serum pH, osmolality, and $PaCO_2$ were the predictors in the subjects with a high Glasgow Coma Scale scores while blood pressure, $PaO_2$, respiratory rate, and hematocrit in the subjects with a low Glasgow coma scale scores. Conclusion: The physiological derangements induced by acute stroke are undoubtedly influence clinical outcome. More study is required to determine their diverse impacts on clinical outcomes.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제77권2호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2014

The US National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) demonstrated a 20% reduction in lung cancer mortality and a 6.7% decrease in all-cause mortality. The NLST is the only trial showing positive results in a high-risk population, such as in patients with old age and heavy ever smokers. Lung cancer screening using a low-dose chest computed tomography might be beneficial for the high-risk group. However, there may also be potential adverse outcomes in terms of over diagnosis, bias and cost-effectiveness. Until now, lung cancer screening remains controversial. In this review, we wish to discuss the evolution of lung cancer screening and summarize existing evidences and recommendations.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제51권9호
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• pp.494-500
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• 2013

Recently, several researches indicated the relationship between oral condition and respiratory disease such as pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Respiratory disease is known as common chronic disease in the elderly increasing mortality and morbidity. In this study, we have reviewed the association between oral disease and respiratory disease in the elderly. The related data were searched and collected from abroad and domestic studies. The studies included the randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs), longitudinal, cohort, case-control, and systematic review studies. With the data from the studies, we concluded that poor oral hygiene or periodontal disease can influence the pneumonia in the elderly. Further studies will be needed to investigate the association between oral disease and COPD.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제79권1호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2016

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic and progressive inflammatory disease of the airways and lungs that results in limitations of continuous airflow and is caused by exposure to noxious gasses and particles. A major cause of morbidity and mortality in adults, COPD is a complex disease pathologically mediated by many inflammatory pathways. Macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and CD8+ T-lymphocytes are the key inflammatory cells involved in COPD. Recently, the non-coding small RNA, micro-RNA, have also been intensively investigated and evidence suggest that it plays a role in the pathogenesis of COPD. Here, we discuss the accumulated evidence that has since revealed the role of each inflammatory cell and their involvement in the immunopathogenesis of COPD. Mechanisms of steroid resistance in COPD will also be briefly discussed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제75권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

Several papers on respiratory and critical care published from March 2012 to February 2013 were reviewed. From these, this study selected and summarized ten articles, in which the findings were notable, new, and interesting: effects of high-frequency oscillation ventilation on acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); safety and efficacy of hydroxyethyl starch as a resuscitation fluid; long-term psychological impairments after ARDS; safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine for sedation; B-type natriuretic peptide-guided fluid management during weaning from mechanical ventilation; adding of daily sedation interruptions to protocolized sedations for mechanical ventilation; unassisted tracheostomy collar of weaning from prolonged mechanical ventilations; and effects of nighttime intensivist staffing on the hospital mortality rates.