• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.272-278
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• 2005

Background : The immune responses mediated by CD8+T cells are known to be significant in controlling M. tuberculosis infections. In order to determine the role of cytotoxic CD8+T cells in the protective immune mechanism in latently infected subjects, this study examined whether or not the cytotoxic immune responses of CD8+T cells specific to the M. tuberculosis somatic antigens are induced in BCG vaccinated healthy subjects. Methods : Cytotoxicity and $IFN-{\gamma}$ elispot assays were used to investigate the activities of CD8+T cells specific for the $thyA_{30-38}$ peptide epitope in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from BCG-vaccinated HLA-A*0201 and A*0206 subjects. Results : The results indicate the cytotoxic and $IFN-{\gamma}$ immune responses of CD8+T cells specific for $thyA_{30-38}$ were induced in BCG vaccinated healthy subjects. Conclusion : The cytotoxic and $IFN-{\gamma}$ responses by CD8+T cells specific for the M. tuberculosis somatic antigens are induced in BCG-vaccinated subjects, and appear to be involved in the protective immune mechanism in latently infected people against a M. tuberculosis infection.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.170-178
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• 2020

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) continues to be one of the main causative agents of tuberculosis (TB); moreover, the incidence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections has been rising gradually in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Precise and rapid detection and identification of MTB and NTM in respiratory specimens are thus important for MTB infection control. Molecular diagnostic methods based on the nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) are known to be rapid, sensitive, and specific compared to the conventional acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear and mycobacterial culture methods. In the present study, the clinical performances of three commercial molecular diagnostic assays, namely TB/NTM PCR (Biocore), MolecuTech Real MTB-ID^® (YD Diagnostics), and REBA Myco-ID^® (YD Diagnostics), were evaluated with a total of 92 respiratory specimens (22 AFB smear positives and 67 AFB smear negatives). The sensitivity and specificity of TB/NTM PCR were 100% and 75.81%, respectively. The corresponding values of MolecuTech Real MTB-ID^® and REBA Myco-ID^® were 56.52% and 90.32%, and 56.52% and 82.26%, respectively. TB/NTM PCR showed the highest sensitivity; however, the concordant rate was 10% compared with sequence analysis. Although MolecuTech Real MTB-ID^® showed lower sensitivity, its specificity was the highest among the three methods. REBA Myco-ID^® allowed accurate classification of NTM species; therefore, it was the most specific diagnostic method. Of the three PCR-based methods, MolecuTech Real MTB-ID^® showed the best performance. This method is expected to enable rapid and accurate identification of MTB and NTM.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.300-309
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• 2001

Background : Sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by a systemic inflammatory and hemodynamic response to severe bacterial infections that involve various mediators. Endothelin (ET)-1, a potent vasoconstrictor is associated with mu1tiple organ failure, and interleukin (IL)-8, a proinflammtory cytokine, plays a major role in neurophil activation. Both have been reported to be useful parameters in the clinical assessment of sepsis. The levels of ET-1 and IL-8 in the blood were measured in patients with sepsis, and the correlation of both parameters and their relationship with the clinical data was assessed. Methods : 19 sepsis patients and 17 controls were studied. Blood samples of the sepsis patients were drawn in day 1, 3, 7, and 14. The APACHE III scores were calculated in concurrent days. The ET-1 and IL-8 levels were measured using immunoassay methods. Results : The ET-1 levels of patients with sepsis were significantly higher than in the controls. In patients with sepsis, non-survivors had higher ET-1 levels than survivors on day 1 and 7, and patients with shock also had higher ET-1 levels than normotensive patients on admission. The ET-1 levels were significantly correlated with the creatinine levels on day 1, 7, and 14. The IL-8 levels showed a significant correlation with the ET-1 levels on day 14. Conclusion : ET-1 was found to be closely related with the clinical outcome, shock, and renal failure, and showed a correlation with IL-8. These mediators can be considered not only to play pathophysiologic roles but also as useful parameters in the clinical assessment of sepsis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.139-147
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• 2019

This study examined the level of knowledge, perception, and attitude related to personal protective equipment (PPE) of acute respiratory infection, and their relationship on nursing students. The participants were 200 nursing students of the 3rd and 4th grade in hospital practice. Data were collected from September 1 to October 15, 2018. The knowledge, perception, and attitude related to PPE were measured by structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, independent t-test, and Pearson correlation. From the results, knowledge score related to PPE was 17.83 out of 20 points, and perception score related to PPE was 3.68 out of 5 points, and attitude score related to PPE was 4.14 out of 5 points. Therefore, knowledge and attitude level were higher than average. Perception level was moderate. And attitude related to PPE was positively correlated with knowledge and perception. These study findings can be used as basic data for developing an effective infection control educational program to enhance the correct knowledge, perception, and positive attitude related to use of PPE for nursing students. Also, it will be necessary to provide nursing students with the equipment and related resources to master the use of PPE.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.345-360
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• 2000

The effects on CTC (T1) and CTC, Sulfathiazole and Penicillin Combination (T2) medication in feed through one life cycle of pigs, namely, weaning, mating, farrowing, lactation, growing, finishing and slaughter, were tested under local condition. In sow phase, productivity and the number of microflora in urine before and after medication of CTC were studied and average daily gain and feed conversion rate were checked during growing and finishing period. All pigs reached at 155 days old were slaughtered for pathological examination. 1. Litter size, farrowing rate and survival rate at birth were improved by CTC medication from weaning to 21th day after mating and mortality of piglet at weaning, 25 days after farrowing, was reduced in the CTC medication group, but no siginificant. 2. The number of microflora in the sow urine was changed with the medication at 200ppm of CTC in feed. In particular, the number of E coli, Samonella and Staphylococci were reduced by CTC medication. 3. The average daily gain and feed conversion rate of grower and finisher pigs was improved significantly in both treated groups, most in the high level CTC (T1) medicated group and was lowest in the control group. 4. The number of infected lungs was reduced not significant by both treatments (as % pneumonic lesions Co 66.7%, T1 47.1%, T2 31.4%) and the severity of lung lesions was significantly reduced by both high level of CTC and CTC combination medication in feed. 5. Although there were no statistical differences in atrophic rhinitis based on turbinate scores among the 3 groups, the number of mild and moderate (Grade 2 and 3) infections was higher in the control group (9/36) than in the treated groups (T1 2/34 & T2 4/35).

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.730-735
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• 1993

BOOP is a clinopathologic entity consisting of a flu-like illness, late inspiratory crackles, and pathologically granulation tissue plugs within lumens of small airways sometimes with complete obstruction of small airways and granulation tissue extending into alveolar ducts and alveoli with a variable degree of interstitial infiltration of mononuclear cells and accumulation of foamy macrophages in alveolar spaces in a patch distribution, and preservation of background architecture of the lung. It has patch infiltrates roentgenographically, and restrictive ventilatory defect pysiologically such as decreased vital capacity. and diffusing capacity. The BOOP has been observed in the context of collagen vascular disease, and other autoimmune disease secondary to treatment with penicillamine, bleomycin, acebutolol and amiodarone, following the inhalation of toxic fumes, after several infections including measles, pertussis and influenza and idiopathic. Clinically, response to coricosteroid therapy is good and relapse dose not occur if sufficient theraphy is good. A flu-like illness occurs in one third, cough in one third, cough with dyspnea in the remaining patients. Hemoptysis are rare. The physical examination reveales dry crackles in the majority of the patients with BOOP but rarely associated with wheezing. The duration of illness is less than 2 months in 75% of patients. With a brief review of literature, we report a case of the BOOP which is good response to steroid, but frequent relapse and assoicated with wheezing.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.536-541
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• 1992

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) is a type of diffuse interstitial lung disease that primarily affects the small conducting airways and characterized by the presence of granulation tissue plugs within the lumen of small airways often extending into alveolar ducts. It is associated with a number of different causes, including a variety of infections, fume exposures, drugs, collagen diseases and idiopathic. Recently we have experienced one patient with idiopathic BOOP. The patient was a 58 year old man presented with 2 months' history of dry cough and exertional dyspnea. The phyical examination showed inspiratory crackles at both lower lung field. Chest X-ray showed bilateral multiple patchy alveolar density. Pulmonary function studies showed a moderate degree of restrictive lung disease. Open lung biopsy carried out and revealed findings characteristic of BOOP. There was a dramatic response clinically and radiologically to high dose predinisolone therapy. Chest X-ray and pulmonary function test under-taken one year later showed marked improvement. New lesion on chest PA was developed during the period of tapering of prednisolone dose, but it was soon disappeared after increasing of prednisolone dose. One year later, he is well without steroid therapy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.86-91
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• 2002

A bronchial artery aneurysm(BAA) is rare, and has an unclear etiology. However, it may be caused by congenital abnormalities and acquired diseases like as bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, and other infections. The pathogenesis of a bronchial artery dilatation and the formation of an aneurysm results in an increase in the systemic blood flow to the chronic inflammatory pathologic lungs such as bronchiectasis or tuberculosis. It can be divided into the mediastinal and intrapulmonary BAA according to their location. The most common symptom is hemoptysis. Chest computed tomography and bronchial artery angiography may be used for a diagnosis. Treatment is mainly by a surgical resection of the aneurysmal artery. However, when patient is unstable due to massive hemoptysis or recurrent hemoptysis, bronchial artery embolization is useful. Here, we experienced a case of a bronchial artery aneurysm presenting as a massive hemoptysis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.628-634
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• 2003

Bronchiectasis is defined as an abnormal, irreversible dilatation of the bronchi, which may result from a number of possible causes, and the recognition of these causes may lead to a specific management strategy. Immunodeficiency is known as one of the conditions associated with bronchiectasis. X-linked agammaglobulinemia is a rare inheritable immunodeficiency disorder, caused by a differentiation block, leading almost to the complete absence of B lymphocytes and plasma cells. The affected protein is a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase, Bruton's tyrosine kinase. The early detection and treatment with immunoglobulin replacement are most important for the management of recurrent infections and for reducing severe complications. We report a 20-year-old male patient, with X-linked agammaglobulinemia associated with bilateral bronchiectasis, carrying a missense mutation(R520P) in the BTK gene.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.329-333
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• 2003

Influenzavirus were isolated from patients with acute respiratory infections in Busan during 2000-2002 and characterized their antigenic properties. In 2000, 39 viruses were isolated and they were identified as Influenzavirus. Among the isolated influenzavirus, 23 were A type influenzavirus and 16 were B type influenzavirus. As a result of antigenic characterization, the influenzavirus were determined to A/Sydney/05/97 (H3N2)-like, A/Beijing/262/95 (H1N1)-like, and B/Harbin/07/94-like virus. In 2001, 56 viruses were isolated and all of the viruses were identified as influenzavirus. They were A/Panama/2007/99 (H3N2)-like and A/Newcaledonia/20/99 (H1N1)-like virus In 2002, 114 Influenzaviruses were isolated. Among the isolated influenzavirus, 83 were A type influenzaviruses, and 31 were B type influenzaviruses. They were A/Panama/2007/99 (H3N2)-like, A/Newcaledonia/20/99 (H1N1)-like and B/Beijing/243/97, B/Honkong/22/2001, B/Sichuam/379/99-like virus when determined their antigenic properties. These results may be useful for the establishment of reliable epidemic data.