• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.410-416
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• 2006

Purpose : Ciliary abnormalities of the respiratory system usually accompany recurrent or persistent respiratory diseases such as paranasal sinusitis, bronchiectasis, rhinitis, and/or otitis media, since they cause certain derangements in ciliary cleaning activities. This disease is usually inherited by autosomal recessive trait, but may also be found to be acquired or transient in rare cases after heavy exposure to pollutants, cigarette smoking or severe infection. We performed this study in children with frequently recurrent or persistent respiratory diseases to clarify if the ciliary abnormalities are preceding factors. Methods : We enrolled 17 children with suspected respiratory ciliary abnormalities. The indications for evaluation of ciliary ultrastructure were recurrent or persistent respiratory infections. Children with immunologic abnormalities were excluded. From August 2000 to July 2003, we performed a biopsy on nasal mucosa and examined the structure of ciliary status by using an electron microscope. Results : Of the subjects, there were seven males and 10 females, aged 2 to 10 years. Out of the 17 subjects, 12 cases of chronic paranasal sinusitis, nine chronic coughs, nine frequent upper respiratory infections, seven cases of recurrent otitis media, four cases of recurrent pneumonia, and four cases of bronchial asthma were found. Out of the 17 cases on which histologic examinations were conducted, four cases showed pathologic findings, including one case of inner dynein arm defect, one of microtubular transposition, one of supernumerous tubules, and one singlet, respectively. Conclusion : It is essential for differential diagnosis and effective treatment to identify the abnormalities of ultrastructure of nasal cilia in children with symptoms of frequently recurrent or persistent respiratory diseases, if immunodeficiency or respiratory allergy could be excluded.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.76 no.6
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• pp.295-298
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• 2014

Pulmonary systemic arterialization to normal basal lung without sequestration is a rare congenital anomaly. In this rare abnormality, arterialization of the left lower lobe is the most common type. In general, surgical treatments have been performed. Recently, for reducing the complications and risks of surgery, embolization is mainly attempted by using coils. We report a case of 22-year-old male patient with a 10 mm anomalous arterial supply to his normal lung, which is being successfully treated by transcatheter embolization when using the Amplatzer Vascular Plug that has been adapted for the treatment of high-flows and large artery occlusions.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.146-148
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• 2007

Studies of cry characteristics in the newborn infant were aimed to determine if cry analysis could be succesful in the early detection of the infant at risk for developmental difficulties. Crying presupposes functioning of the respiratory, laryngeal and supralaryngeal muscles. The nervous system controls the capacity, stability, and co-ordination of the movements in these muscles. Hence, the cry provides information about how the Nervous System is functioning. 3 patients(down syndrome, cornelia de lange syndrome, Patent ductus arteriosus) were assessed through a Computerized Speech Lab (CSL). Tests had been chosen to assess Fundamental frequency(mean, maximum, minimum values), Melody contour, NHR, Energy. We compared the data from patients and healthy volunteer. Variations in cry characteristics were documented in a number of medical abnormalities.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.87 no.2
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• pp.165-175
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• 2024

Background: The prevalence of small airway dysfunction (SAD) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) across different ethnicities is poorly understood. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of SAD in stable COPD patients. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 196 consecutive stable COPD patients. We measured pre- and post-bronchodilator (BD) lung function and respiratory impedance. The severity of COPD and lung function abnormalities was graded in accordance with the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines. SAD was defined as either difference in whole-breath resistance at 5 and 19 Hz > upper limit of normal or respiratory system reactance at 5 Hz < lower limit of normal. Results: The cohort consisted of 95.9% men, with an average age of 66.3 years. The mean forced expiratory volume 1 second (FEV₁) % predicted was 56.4%. The median COPD assessment test (CAT) scores were 14. The prevalence of post-BD SAD across the GOLD grades 1 to 4 was 14.3%, 51.1%, 91%, and 100%, respectively. The post-BD SAD and expiratory flow limitation at tidal breath (EFL_T) were present in 62.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 56.1 to 69.9) and 28.1% (95% CI, 21.9 to 34.2), respectively. COPD patients with SAD had higher CAT scores (15.5 vs. 12.8, p<0.01); poor lung function (FEV₁% predicted 46.6% vs. 72.8%, p<0.01); lower diffusion capacity for CO (4.8 mmol/min/kPa vs. 5.6 mmol/min/kPa, p<0.01); hyperinflation (ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity % predicted: 159.7% vs. 129%, p<0.01), and shorter 6-minute walk distance (367.5 m vs. 390 m, p=0.02). Conclusion: SAD is present across all severities of COPD. The prevalence of SAD increases with disease severity. SAD is associated with poor lung function and higher symptom burden. Severe SAD is indicated by the presence of EFL_T.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.68 no.3
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• pp.125-139
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• 2010

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) frequently complain of dyspnea on exertion and reduced exercise capacity, which has been attributed to an increase in the work of breathing and in impaired of gas exchange. Although COPD primarily affects the pulmonary system, patients with COPD exhibit significant systemic manifestations of disease progression. These manifestations include weight loss, nutritional abnormalities, skeletal muscle dysfunction (SMD), cardiovascular problems, and psychosocial complications. It has been documented that SMD significantly contributes to a reduced exercise capacity in patients with COPD. Ventilatory and limb muscle in these patients show structural and functional alteration, which are influenced by several factors, including physical inactivity, hypoxia, smoking, aging, corticosteroid, malnutrition, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and ubiquitin-proteasome pathway activation. This article summarizes briefly the evidence and the clinical consequences of SMD in patients with COPD. In addition, it reviews contributing factors and therapeutic strategies.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.345-352
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• 1993

The role of magnetic resonance(MR) imaging in the evaluation of thoracic disease has been limited Nontheless, MR has inherent properties of better contrast resolution than CT allowing tissue-specific diagnosis. MR has capability of direct imaging in sagittal, coronal, and oblique planes which provide better anatomic information than axial images of CT such as lesions in the pulmonary apex, aorticopulmonary window, peridiaphragmatic region, and subcarinal region. MR is sensitive to blood flow making it an ideal imaging modality for the evaluation of cardiovascular system of the thorax without the need for intravenous contrast media. Technical developments and better control of motion artifacts have resulted in improved image quality, and clinical applications of MR imaging in thoracic diseases have been expanded. Although MR imaging is considered as a problem-solving tool in patients with equivocal CT findings, MR should be used as the primary imaging modality in the following situations: 1) Evaluation of the cardiovascular abnormalities of the thorax 2) Evaluation of the superior sulcus tumors 3) Evaluation of the chest wall invasion or mediastinal invasion by tumor 4) Evaluation of the posterior mediastinal mass, especially neurogenic tumor 5) Differentiation of fibrosis and residual or recurrent tumor, especially in lymphoma 6) Evaluation of brachial plexopathy With technical developments and fast scan capabilities, clinical indications for MR imaging in thorax will increase in the area of pulmonary parenchymal and pulmonary vascular imaging.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 1994

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome(OSAS), that is a complex disease of neuromuscular, respiratory and cardiovascular system, can be cured by various treatment such as weight control, medical and surgical intervention. As most of OSAS may be caused by various anatomical abnormalities, preoperative evaluation for exact anatomical site of obstruction must be needed. And various diagnostic procedures such as fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy, Mueller test, cinefluoroscopy, cephalometry, computerized tomography, polysomnography would be used for this purpose. Uvulopalotopharyngplasty is currently the most popular method for the patient with OSAS among various surgical maneuvers and is very effective for the relieving the symptoms as like snoring, daytime somnolence, and nocturnal restlessness etc. Although subjective improvement is not compatible with it's objective assessment in postoperative evaluation for it's results, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty could be a recommandable surgical procedure because of it's ample effectiveness in promoting symptom improvement without any risk of serious complications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-46
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• 1998

Background and Objectives : Singers, the vocal equivalents of Olympic athletes, may present with vocal dysfunction in the singing voice before adverse effects are noted in the speech mode. For the classically trained singers, any imbalance in the respiratory, laryngeal or resonatory subsystems may manifest first in technical compensations. Therefore it is necessary that baseline values be available in order to differentiate technique related dysfunction from abnormalities within the phonatory system. Materials and Methods : Vocal efficiency measures were collected from 55 classically trained singers and 20 untrained adults. All singers was divided into 3 groups : (1) Singers who have normal larynx with out voice symptoms. (2) Singers who have vocal nodule without voice symptoms. (3) Singers who have vocal nodule with voice complaints. Results and Conclusion : Results were compared with each other. Differences in each group wert found, suggesting the need for separate normative data to be used for the evaluation of the classically trained singers.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.68 no.6
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• pp.358-362
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• 2010

Intralobar pulmonary sequestration is a rare congenital lung anomaly. It is defined as a portion of nonfunctioning lung parenchyma that receives its blood supply from an anomalous systemic artery. Patients often present with chronic or recurrent pneumonia. A chest radiograph may show a cystic lesion with air-fluid levels in the lung base. A high index of suspicion is needed for a diagnosis. Surgical removal of a symptomatic intralobar pulmonary sequestration is generally the treatment of choice. Identifying the aberrant artery is a difficult problem when resecting a pulmonary sequestration. The thoracic and abdominal aortas are the most common origins for the abnormal blood supply. However, arterial supply from the celiac artery is quite rare. We present a case of intralobar pulmonary sequestration with the blood supply originating from the celiac artery.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.533-537
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• 1999

Pulmonary lymphangiomatosis is a very rare pulmonary lesion with an aggressive potential that occurs mainly in newborns, infants and young children of both sexes. It is characterized by pulmonary abnormalities of lymphatic system, showing an increased number of complex anastomosing lymphatic channels in the pleura, in the subpleural interlobular septa, and along the bronchovascular lymphatic route and uniformly fatal. We report a case of lymphangiomatosis behaving like lymphangioleiomyomatosis in a 26-year-old woman.