• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.551-560
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• 2003

Particle deposition in human lungs was investigated theoretically by using asymmetric five-lobe lung model. The volumes of each of the five lobes were different, thereby forming an asymmetric lung structure. The tidal volume and flow rate of each lobe were scaled according to lobar volume. The total and regional deposition with various breathing patterns were calculated by means of tracking volume segments and accounting for particle loss during inhalation and exhalation. The deposition fractions were obtained for each airway generation and lung lobe, and dominant deposition mechanisms were investigated for different size particles. Results show that the tidal volume and flow rate have a characteristic influence on particle deposition. The total deposition fraction increases with an increase in tidal volume for all particle sizes. However, flow rate has dichotomous effects: a higher flow rate results in a sharp increase in deposition for large size particles, but decreases deposition for small size particles. Deposition distribution within the lung shifts proximally with higher flow rate whereas deposition peak shifts to the deeper lung region with larger tidal volume. Deposition fraction in each lobe was proportional to its volume. Among the three main deposition mechanisms, diffusion was dominant for particles < 0.5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ whereas sedimentation and impaction were most influential for larger size particles. Impaction was particularly dominant for particles> 8 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. The results may prove to be useful for estimating deposition dose of inhaled pollutant particles at various breathing conditions.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.235-242
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• 1991

This research has reported that the selection and assessment of treatment in anxiety disorders depend to a large extend on patient reports of somatic symptomatology. However, the correspondence between such reports and actual physiological data Is unknown as the physiological measures used were taken in laboratory. The purpose of the ambulatory momboring device is, therefore, to present for analysis physiological data derived from the sub jects during their daily activities. The physiological parameters of interest are heart rate, respiratory rate, skin conductance level/response, skin temperature, and activity level. This device had an microcomputer based data acquisition unit, Interfaced to it for the purpose of data collection. The data is collected usually over a period of 12 hours. The data from the ambulatory monitoring device can be used to assess the psychophysiology of anxiety in the field. The data from the device will also reveal if patients who report different sets of symptoms differ physiologically too. Thls will help physicians for the right kind of treatment and also solve the many uncertainties that have existed thus far in quantizing anxiety.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1725-1731
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• 2015

The study surveyed the health risk factors and risk assessments status preventing accidents and incidents in beauty workplaces. In addition, the health safety awareness technicality was categorized. The research results were as follows. Beauty workers (about 60%) were exposed to health hazards regarding the skin, respiratory, muscle system during more than half of their working hours. On the other hand, they recognized the need for risk assessments in the workplace. The health safety awareness in the workplace differed according to the status of the risk assessment and the category of business. This provides the basic data that can be activated to manage health safety standards for workers and an unspecified number of people.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.372-377
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• 2020

Infection risks of handling specimens associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by public health laboratory services teams were assessed to scrutinize the potential hazards arising from the work procedures. Through risk assessments of all work sequences, laboratory equipment, and workplace environments, no aerosol-generating procedures could be identified except the procedures (mixing and transfer steps) inside biological safety cabinets. Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as surgical masks, protective gowns, face shields/safety goggles, and disposable gloves, together with pertinent safety training, was provided for laboratory work. Proper disinfection and good hand hygiene practices could minimize the probability of SARS-CoV-2 infection at work. All residual risk levels of the potential hazards identified were within the acceptable level. Contamination by gloved hands was considered as a major exposure route for SARS-CoV-2 when compared with eye protection equipment. Competence in proper donning and doffing of PPE accompanied by hand washing techniques was of utmost importance for infection control.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2013

As the construction industry develops, environmental pollution gets increasingly serious, giving damage including the increase of incidence of respiratory diseases and skin diseases among children with weakened immune systems, rather than adults. In daycare centers, infants and children spending much of their time, have high frequency of contact with the interior floor finish material. However, the majority of the child care centers don not use eco-friendly flooring but ordinary monorium flooring, because the initial investment cost of the eco-friendly flooring is higher than ordinary monorium flooring. Therefore, in this study, life cycle costs including the initial investment cost of the eco-friendly flooring and ordinary monorium flooring were calculated, demonstrating that the eco-friendly flooring is more economical than ordinary monorium flooring in terms of life-cycle cost. In addition, the analysis of the environmental performance also showed the excellence of the eco-friendly floor finishes. It is expected that the use of the eco-friendly floor finishes will increase due to their excellence in the aspect of life cycle cost and eco-friendly performance, through this study.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 2011

Although pesticides have increased crop production and controlled disease, they have produced a number of adverse health effects. Pesticides have potential human toxicity and a variety of groups, such as farmers or industrial workers, as well as the general population, are exposed to pesticides. The purpose of this article, therefore, is to provide an overview of pesticide exposure and health through a literature review, focusing on exposure assessment, acute poisoning, chronic health effects, and future research needs. The exposure types and levels of pesticides vary by study subjects and need to be assessed by integrating several methods focused on the epidemiological purpose. Acute pesticide poisoning is a major public health problem in the world. Paraquat is the main causative pesticide for acute poisoning in Korea and should be banned in order to save several thousands of lives every year. Occupational pesticide exposure also causes numerous chronic diseases among farmers and industrial workers, including cancers, respiratory diseases, depression, retinal degeneration, diabetes, and abnormal menstrual cycle. However, controversy exists regarding the long-term effects of low-dose environmental pesticide exposure. The area of pesticide study is relatively new with broad study populations and it has received little academic and policy attention, particularly in Korea. More detailed studies investigating the risk of pesticide-related health effects and intervention efforts to reduce the problems are needed in Korea.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a model for handoff education for nursing students based on simulation using video and to identify educational effects of a simulated situation in pediatric care units. Methods: Data were collected from May 1 to 30, 2016. Participants were 84 senior nursing students in Seoul (video group: 43, simulation group: 41). Both groups were given a lecture and pre-briefing on handoff education. The simulation group had nursing practice on resolving health issues for respiratory distress using a high-fidelity baby simulator. The video group watched a video recording of a scenario based simulation, and used a summarized handoff situation to practice patient handoff to another student. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups for handoff self-confidence, problem solving ability, handoff competence (self-assessment of students), or learning satisfaction. Self-confidence increased significantly in both groups. Handoff competency evaluated by the instructor was higher in the video group compared to the simulation group (t=2.33, p=.022). Conclusion: Nursing student education for handoff practice utilizing a video in the pediatric unit was more cost effective. Therefore, it could be a useful educational method for students in learning patient handoff practices and helpful for related research.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2016

Background: Azithromycin has broad spectrum and is effective to treat several bacterial respiratory tract infection. It is also relatively safe and tolerable to pediatric patient. Careful use of azithromycin is also required for the prescribers because it could cause cardiovascular toxicity (QTc prolongation) and ototoxicity. There has been no study on duration of azithromycin use in pediatric patients in Korea. Methods: The outpatient sample data on the azithromycin prescription was obtained from Korean health insurance review and assessment service. The characteristics of azithromycin prescription were analyzed with two different years (2011 and 2014). Results: Total 4,215 cases were analyzed. The azithromycin was prescribed the most frequently in the children (73.2% in 2011 and 62.5% in 2014) and for the condition of bronchopneumonia (28.7% in 2011 and 21.7% in 2014) in both years. The duration of prescribed for azithromycin has significantly different between 2011 and 2014. In 2014, 94.3% of prescription were indicated less than 5 days, but 86.6% were in 2011. Acute bronchiolitis and bronchopneumonia prescriptions more longer duration of treatment compared with acute bronchitis and others. Conclusion: The pattern of prescribing azithromycin has been changed for the treatment of several infectious diseases in pediatric patients. The rate of appropriate duration of azithromycin treatment has increased.

• Atmosphere
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.337-355
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• 2018

Ultrafine particles (< 100 nm in diameter, UFP) are known to be more toxic per unit mass than larger particles and contribute to more than 90% in particle number concentrations in urbanized cities but much less in mass. The major sources of UFP are vehicle emissions in urban areas. Due to their tiny size (the sizes of UFP from vehicle emissions range from 10 to 60 nm depending on engine and fuel types), inhaled UFP can reach the deepest area of respiratory track (e.g., pulmonary alveoli) as well as all of the body via lymph and blood circulation causing various adverse health effects. This article reviews the sources and emission factors of UFP, temporal and spatial distributions in urban areas and their health effects reported by toxicological and epidemiological studies. We also compared the levels of UFP concentrations measured in other countries with those in Korean cities to evaluate the public exposure to UFP in Korea. Ultimately, we expect this study can contribute to developing the risk assessment techniques for public exposure to UFP in the urbanized cities in Korea.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.170-176
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the current status and needs in neonatal emergency training for nursing students in Korea and to obtain preliminary information to develop a simulation based educational program on neonatal emergency care for nursing students. Methods: Structured questionnaires were distributed to five hospitals and ten nursing schools during April and May, 2012. Data were collected from 59 nurses who worked in the nursery or Neonatal Intensive Care Units and 13 nursing educators who had specialized in pediatric nursing. Results: Most nurses (86.4%) reported that they had experienced an emergency situation with newborns. Most nursing educators (84.6%) claimed that more intensive training with newborns is needed for nursing students. In particular, training in neonatal resuscitation (72.2%), respiratory distress (59.7%), and neonatal seizures (18.1%) were highly recommended as simulation based training for nursing students. Conclusion: A significant need for neonatal emergency educational programs was found. More efforts should be made to provide nursing students with knowledge and skills for working with neonates. The findings of this survey will ultimately provide a basis for developing a simulation based educational program on neonatal emergency care for nursing students.