• Resources Recycling
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.3-15
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• 2009

To accomplish the greenhouse gas reduction which is over core unit project of the "Green growth" policy and "Resource circulation society", it is important to maintain proper balance and complement between energy recovery from waste and material recycling. This research(study) examined the related policies on the past of korea and foreign country, and also "The 4th resource recycling master plan" and "Energy recovery from waste plan" to provide advisable direction for resource recycling policy. The results of the research(study) showed that there were no significant difference between korea and developed foreign countries waste management policies. But in German policy, energy recovery from waste and pre-treatment are importantly considered and highly required for permission. Under current circumstance in korea, recycling will be more difficult than in the past. According to "The 4th resource recycling master plan", film type of synthetic resin was not sustainable recycled material in substance."Energy recovery from waste plan", proved that the energy recovery from RDF/RPF have lower efficiency than regular incineration generation and substance recycling. To solve these problems, the energy and remainder heat recovery must be generalized to "Energy recovery" concept and institutional improvement such as LCA(Life Cycle Assessment) system are need to support it. And also technology development to extract synthetic polymer by dissolved film type of synthetic resin must be provided.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.459-479
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• 2013

To assess the feasibility of 'low carbon, sustainable growth' policy pursued of the Chinese government, this paper first measures technical efficiency, $CO_2$ shadow prices, and indirect Morishima elasticity of substitution between capital and energy for 24 of manufacturing sectors in Beijing and Chongqing, in which China launched pilot carbon emissions trading scheme, by estimating the input distance function. Based on these results, then the potential for $CO_2$ reduction, cost savings from emissions trading, and the effectiveness of capital investment in reducing $CO_2$ are compared across industries and provinces. In 2010, manufacturing industries in Beijing and Chongqing could potentially reduce the largest $CO_2$ emissions, amounting 5.2 and 17 million tons, respectively, by achieving 100% technical efficiency. While, on average, Chongqing has a comparative advantage in the cost savings from carbon trading over Beijing, Beijing is more likely to reduce $CO_2$ by expanding capital investment.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.321-340
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• 2012

Korean government recently announced that new passenger cars sold within South Korea in 2009 ran an average of 12.27 kilometers per liter of fuel, which is an 7% point increase of the fuel efficiency. The government interpreted these improvements in the fuel economy as energy savings of 60,000 toe and as a reduction of 160,000 ton $CO_2$ emissions. However, improvements in energy efficiency make energy services cheaper, which is known as rebound effect. If this rebound effect exists, and the size of the effect is not negligible, ignoring this could result in overestimating the energy savings achieved by the fuel efficiency increase. Using detailed data on household and vehicle characteristics, our results suggest that there exist a short-run rebound effect of 0.299(29.9%) for the Korean automobile industry. This is notably smaller than the estimates of West (2004), which finds an estimate of 87% using cross-section data for the US. Furthermore our results highlight the importance of rebound effect on energy savings and the $CO_2$ emissions reduction. Our estimates suggest that the report from Korean government overestimates the energy savings and related $CO_2$ emissions by 29.9% point.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.167-198
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• 2011

The Korean government recently announced greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions reduction target as 30% of 2020 business as usual (BAU) emission projection. As carbon emissions trading is widely used to achieve reductions in the emissions of pollutants, this study deals with the sectoral allocation of initial carbon emission permits in Korea. This research tests the effectiveness of a variety of allocation rules based on the bankruptcy problem in cooperative game theory and hybrid input-output tables which combines environmental statistics with input-output tables. The impact of initial emission permits allocation on economic growth is also analyzed through green growth accounting. According to the analysis result, annual GDP growth rate of Korea is expected to be 4.03%, 4.23%, and 3.67% under Proportional, Constrained Equal Awards, and Constrained Equal Losses rules, respectively. These rates are approximately from 0.69% points to 0.13% points lower than the growth rate of 4.36% without compulsory $CO_2$ reduction. Thus, CEA rule is the most favorable in terms of GDP growth. This study confirms the importance of industry level study on the carbon reduction plan and initial carbon emission permits should reflect the characteristic of each industry.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.45-56
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• 2023

This study analyzed the economic and environmental effect of recycling rhodium used in the non-catalytic field. As an analysis methodology, economic effect analysis applied cost-benefit analysis and resource-saving effect analysis and the environmental effect analysis applied life cycle assessment (LCA). The results show that from an economic point of view, the cost-benefit ratio was 1.28, which was feasible, and the cost reduction was 237,000 won based on 1 g of rhodium recycled and the amount of rhodium recycled was 7.17 billion won in 2025. As for the environmental effect, the greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions were compared between the case of recycling based on rhodium 1 kg and the case of overseas sales. The calculation results show that based on rhodium 1 kg, greenhouse gas emissions were reduced by 99.8%, from 65 kg CO₂eq./kg-Rh when recycling to 28,800 kg CO₂eq. when sold overseas. The results obtained from this study could suggest that rhodium recycling is necessary in Korea where resources are scarce by analyzing the economic and environmental effect of recycling rhodium used in the non-catalytic field.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-32
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• 2024

The emissions trading system stands as a pivotal climate policy in Korea, incentivizing abatement equivalent to 87% of total emissions (as of 2021). As the system likely has a far-reaching impact, it is crucial to understand how the real economic activity, energy sector, as well as environment would be influenced by its implementation. Employing a macroeconometric model, this paper is the first study analyzing the effects of the Korean emissions trading policy. It interconnects the Korean Standard Industrial Classification (Economy), Energy Balance (Energy), and National Inventory Report (Environment), enhancing its real-world explanatory power. We find that a 50% increase in emission permit price over four years results in a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions (-0.043%) and downward shifts in key macroeconomic variables, including real GDP (-0.058%), private consumption (-0.003%), and investment (-0.301%). The price increase in emission permit is deemed crucial for achieving greenhouse gas reduction targets. To mitigate transition risk associated with price shocks, revenue recycling using auction could ensure the sustainability of the economy. This study confirms the comparative advantage of expanded current transfers expenditure over corporate tax reduction, particularly from an economic growth perspective.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.2127-2137
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• 2017

A virtual power plant (VPP) is a system that virtually integrates power resources based on the VPP participating customer (VPC) unit and operates as a power plant. When VPP operators manage resources to maximize their benefits, load reduction instructions may focus on more responsive VPCs, or those producing high profitability, by using VPC resources with high operation efficiency. VPCs may thus encounter imbalance problems during operation. This imbalance in operation time would bring more participation for some VPCs, causing potential degradation of their resources. Such an operation strategy would be not preferable for VPP operators in managing the relationship with VPCs. This issue impedes both continual VPC participation and economical and reliable VPP operation in the long term. An operation algorithm is therefore proposed that considers the operation time of VPC generators for mandatory reduction of power resource consumption. The algorithm is based on constraints of daily and annual operation times when VPP operators of local generators perform capacity-market power transactions. The algorithm maximizes the operator benefit through VPP operations. The algorithm implements a penalty parameter for imbalances in operation times spent by VPC generators in fulfilling their obligations. An evaluation was conducted on VPP operational effects by applying the algorithm to the Korean power market.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.801-809
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• 2010

This paper presents a statistical model-based noise suppression approach for voice recognition in a car environment. In order to alleviate the spectral whitening and signal distortion problem in the traditional decision-directed Wiener filter, we combine a decision-directed method with an original spectrum reconstruction method and develop a new two-stage noise reduction filter estimation scheme. When a tradeoff between the performance and computational efficiency under resource-constrained automotive devices is considered, ETSI standard advance distributed speech recognition font-end (ETSI-AFE) can be an effective solution, and ETSI-AFE is also based on the decision-directed Wiener filter. Thus, a series of voice recognition and computational complexity tests are conducted by comparing the proposed approach with ETSI-AFE. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is superior to the conventional method in terms of speech recognition accuracy, while the computational cost and frame latency are significantly reduced.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.429-441
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• 2011

In large-scale problem, a huge size of computational resources is needed for a reliable solution which represents the detailed description of dynamic behavior. Recently, eigenvalue reduction schemes have been considered as important technique to resolve computational resource problems. In addition, the efforts to advance an efficiency of reduction scheme leads to the development of the multi-level system condensation (MLSC) which is initially based on the two-level condensation scheme (TLCS). This scheme was proposed for approximating the lower eigenmodes which represent the global behavior of the structures through the element-level energy estimation. The MLSC combines the multi-level sub-structuring scheme with the previous TLCS for enhancement of efficiency which is related to computer memory and computing time. The present study focuses on the implementation of the MLSC on the direct time response analysis and the frequency response analysis of structural dynamic problems. For the transient time response analysis, the MLSC is combined with the Newmark's time integration scheme. Numerical examples demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.308-318
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• 2015

In order to improve the competitiveness of Korean large purse seine fishery, the purpose of this study is to find out the problems and present the improvement of the production structure of Korean large purse seine fishery by comparing to the production structure of Norwegian purse seine fishery. Norwegian purse seine fishery has been operating labor and energy-saving systems through a single wire operation and avoiding fishing competition through the introduction of IVQ system with different types of fishing vessel and obtaining benefits from Leading fishery management integrated with fish pumps and cooling water systems. In contrast, our country has a large purse seine fishery issues such as high cost and low efficiency of production structures, the volatility of mackerel resources, the lack of leading fishery management after catching fishes, the reduction of fishing ground in accordance with the North East Asia EEZ system. To solve these problems, initiatives to improve the structure of our large purse seine fishery are as follows: First, Implementing the promotion of the effective immature fishes management and establishing Korea-China-Japan resource management system. Second, the promotion of reduction of fleet size, the review of possible single fishing operation, leading out to strengthen its competitiveness by switching to energy-efficient production systems through enhanced efforts at fisheries catches steps. Third, it is necessary to realize corporate through the diversification of business areas and the large-scale commercialization of production structure.