• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 한국진공학회 2009년도 제38회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.276-276
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• 2010

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) has been explored recently as a promising approach to increase energy conversion efficiency in photovoltaic devices, particularly for thin film hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) solar cells. The LSPR is frequently excited via an electromagnetic (EM) radiation in proximate metallic nanostructures and its primary con sequences are selective photon extinction and local EM enhancement which gives rise to improved photogeneration of electron-hole (e-h) pairs, and consequently increases photocurrent. In this work, high-dielectric-constant (k) $ZrO_2$ (refractive index n=2.22, dielectric constant $\varepsilon=4.93$ at the wavelength of 550 nm) is proposed as spacing layer to enhance the LSPR for application to the thin film silicon solar cells. Compared to excitation of the LSPR using $SiO_2$ (n=1.46, $\varepsilon=2.13$ at the wavelength of 546.1 nm) spacing layer with Au nanoparticles of the radius of 45nm, that using $ZrO_2$ dielectric shows the advantages of(i) ~2.5 times greater polarizability, (ii) ~3.5 times larger scattering cross-section and ~1.5 times larger absorption cross-section, (iii) 4.5% higher transmission coefficient of the same thickness and (iv) 7.8% greater transmitted electric filed intensity at the same depth. All those results are calculated by Mie theory and Fresnel equations, and simulated by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) calculations with proper boundary conditions. Red-shifting of the LSPR wavelength using high-k $ZrO_2$ dielectric is also observed according to location of the peak and this is consistent with the other's report. Finally, our experimental results show that variation of short-circuit current density ($J_{sc}$) of the LSPR enhanced a-Si:H solar cell by using the $ZrO_2$ spacing layer is 45.4% higher than that using the $SiO_2$ spacing layer, supporting our calculation and theory.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2016

In this paper, we miniaturized the loop and coil in magnetic resonance wireless power transfer(MR-WPT) system for application to the small mobile device. The proposed disk type double coil resonator was designed to cause resonance at 6.87 MHz. It is composed of thin copper on both-side of acrylic substrate structured 2 mm width, 1 mm pitch and 8 turns. The outer radius of spiral coil pattern is 9 cm. And the proposed loop was made of the copper wire 5 mm diameter of cross-section. The size of loop is 10 cm diameter. For resonance at 6.87 MHz, the capacitor with 3,300 pF was connected in series on the loop. We rearranged the resonators and organized several WPT systems which is rearranged by resonators. The highest transfer efficiency of miniaturized WPT system was 35.67 %. This proposed design of spiral double coil will contribute to make resonator smaller for appling small and thin mobile device.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• 제3권7호
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• pp.1906-1916
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• 1996

For the medical analysis of the three-dimensional structure such as the mandible, it is necessary to reconstruct the structure into the finite number of analyzable elements. The information of the three-dimensional structure can be obtained from the cross-sections of the magnetic resonance image (MRI). A region corresponding to the structure is extracted from the inner part of the cross- section. By the triangulation of the sampled cross-section image, two-dimensional finite elements are generated. Three-dimensional finite elements are constructed by matching the two dimensional finite elements each other in space. In this paper a construction method of the optimal three-dimensional finite elements has been suggested, which uses the adjacent information abstracted from the triangulated two-dimensional finite elements. The elements are classified into the identical property sets by using the adjacent information of the traingulated two-dimensional elements. After applying the multistep matching algorithm to the classified two-dimensional finite elements, the optimal three-dimensional finite elements can be construccted. By analyzing the constructed finite elements, it is possible to get much more useful medical information about the three-dimensional struture of mandible.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2010

Recently, advance on various modalities of diagnosing, prostate volume estimation became possible not only by the existing two-dimension medical images data but also by the three-dimensional medical images data. In this study, magnetic resonance image (MRI), computer tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) were employed to evaluate prostate phantom volume measurements for estimation, comparison and analysis. For the prostate phantoms aimed at estimating the volume, total of 17 models were developed by using devils-tongue jelly and changing each of the 5ml of capacity from 20ml to 100ml. For the volume estimation through 2D US, the calculation of the diameter with C9-5Mhz transducer was conducted by ellipsoid formula. For the volume estimation through 3D US, the Qlab software (Philips Medical) was used to calculate the volume data estimated by 3D9-3Mhz transducer. Moreover, the images by 16 channels CT and 1.5 Tesla MRI were added by the method of continuous cross-section addition and each of imaginary prostate model's volume was yielded. In the statistical analysis for comparing the availability of volume estimation, the correlation coefficient (r) was more than 0.9 for all indicating that there were highly correlated, and there were not statistically significant difference between each of the correlation coefficient (p=0.001). Therefore, the estimation of prostate phantom volume using three-dimensional modalities of diagnosing was quite closed to the actual estimation.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.200-203
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• 2012

In this study, we have investigated that the operation frequency dependences of the output properties of the orthogonal fluxgate sensor which was fabricated with a ferrite core. An orthogonal fluxgate sensor should be operated in as high as possible frequency to enhance its sensitivity in the case of small sized sensor, because sensitivity of the sensor is proportional to cross section area, winding number and operation frequency. In this study, we investigated the correspondence of the frequency dependence of output and the reactance (inductance and capacitance) of pickup coil and cable. Experimental results represented that we could obtain maximum output (= sensitivity) at optimal frequency which is near LC resonance frequency of the pickup coil and cable.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2000

In this paper, an expansion-resonator type pulsation attenuator is proposed to absorb and attenuate flow an pressure ripple with high frequencies generated from hydraulic control systems. The basic principle of a pulsation attenuator proposed here is applied to propagation, reflection, absorption of pressure waves at the cross section of discontinuity and resonance in the pipeline. It has advantage of the compact size and high degree fo freedom for installation in hydraulic systems. The design scheme based on distributed parameter pipeline system with dissipative viscous compressible model is developed. To investigate the reduction of flow and pressure ripple with high frequencies produced by swash plate type axial piston pump, two kinds of attenuators are manufactured. It is experimently confirmed that the spectral intensity of flow and pressure ripple with high frequencies from the pump are reduced up to about 20$^{\circ}$~30dB by using attenuators proposed here. The calculated results were in good agreement with the measured values. From there sults of this study, it is shown that an expansion-resonator type pulsation attenuator is effective in a wide frequency ranges to attenuate the flow and pressure ripple from hydraulic components.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.153-177
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• 2013

Pendulums can be used as passive vibration control devices in several structures and machines. In the present work, the nonlinear behavior of a pendulum-tower system is studied. The tower is modeled as a bar with variable cross-section with concentrated masses. First, the vibration modes and frequencies of the tower are obtained analytically. The primary structure and absorber together constitute a coupled system which is discretized as a two degrees of freedom nonlinear system, using the normalized eigenfunctions and the Rayleigh-Ritz method. The analysis shows the influence of the geometric nonlinearity of the pendulum absorber on the response of the tower. A parametric analysis also shows that, with an appropriate choice of the absorber parameters, a pendulum can decrease the vibration amplitudes of the tower in the main resonance region. The results also show that the pendulum nonlinearity cannot be neglected in this type of problem, leading to multiplicity of solutions, dynamic jumps and instability. In order to improve the effectiveness of the control during the transient response, a hybrid control system is suggested. The added control force is implemented as a non-linear variable stiffness device based on position and velocity feedback. The obtained results show that this strategy of nonlinear control is attractive, has a good potential and can be used to minimize the response of slender structures under various types of excitation.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect according to the NEX, VENC, targeted cardiac phases on the velocity measurement of 4D phase-contrast MRI. Materials and Methods: The abdominal aortic phantom was made to experiment. The working fluid was mixed with water and glycerin to mimic the density and viscosity of human blood. The inlet velocity was Reynolds number 2000. The experimental conditions were NEX 1 and 4, VENC 102 cm/s and 200 cm/s, and 10 and 15 targeted cardiac phases, respectively. The average flow rate, average velocity, maximum velocity, and cross-section area were measured. Results: As a result of the case-by-case comparison, the error rate was less than 5%. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05). Conclusion: It is expected that this result will be useful for acquiring blood flow information in clinical practice.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2014

Recent cosmological observations indicate that the reionized universe may have started at around z = 6, where a significant suppression around $Ly{\alpha}$ has been observed from the neutral intergalactic medium. The associated neutral hydrogen column density is expected to exceed $10^{21}cm^{-2}$, where it is very important to use the accurate scattering cross section known as the Kramers-Heisenberg formula that is obtained from the fully quantum mechanical time-dependent second order perturbation theory. We present the Kramers-Heisenberg formula and compare it with the formula introduced in a heuristic way by Peebles (1993) considering the hydrogen atom as a two-level atom, from which we find a deviation by a factor of two in the red wing region far from the line center. Adopting a representative set of cosmological parameters, we compute the Gunn-Peterson optical depths and absorption profiles. Our results are quantitatively compared with previous work by Madau & Rees (2000), who adopted the Peebles approximation in their radiative transfer problems. We find deviations up to 5 per cent in the Gunn-Peterson transmission coefficient for an accelerated expanding universe in the red off-resonance wing part with the rest wavelength ${\Delta}{\lambda}{\sim}10{\AA}$.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.116-131
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• 1972

A fast neutron time-of-flight spectrometer has been constructed with suitable choice of target thickness and proton bombarding energy in Li$^{7}$ (p, n) Be$^{7}$ nuclear reaction for a continuous keV spectrum of neutrons at 0 degree in 1-nsec pulse from a Van do Graaff and a time-pick-up fast neutron detector assembled with a 5 mm-thick 92% enriched B$^{10}$ slab and four heavily shielded 4＂$\times$3＂ NaI scintillation detectors. Energy resolution of this spectrometer is better than 0.3% at 50 keV and the signal-to-background ratio is also improved. Total cross section measurements of several separated single isotopes have been carried out with this spectrometer and analyzed by Rmaxtrix multi-level computer code. The spin values and resonance parameters of each individual resonances are given.