• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.227-239
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• 2022

Purpose: In our study, in order to find lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with multi-drug resistance to antibiotics, we isolated 140 strains from 15 types of kimchi commercially available in Korea and 20 types of Kimchi made at home from January to December in 2016, and investigated their H₂O₂ generating ability and multi-drug resistance to antibiotics. Methods: In order to observe the H₂O₂ generation ability of LAB, we performed the experiment with methods such as Rabe, Hillier, and Kang. To test the antibacterial susceptibility of LAB, we used the disc agar diffusion method using MRS agar (Difco, USA) according to the CLSI and WHO test methods. There are 18 types of antibiotic discs used. Results: Out of the total numbers of 140 strains, 6 strains of Ent. Faecium, 25 strains of L. plantarum, 1 strain of L. rhamnosus, 3 strains of L. sakei, 1 strain of L. acidophilus, 1 strains St. thermophilus, and 7 of unidentified strains generated H₂O₂. The antibiotic susceptibility of Ent. Faecium indicated SXT, OX, NA, and E; and the antibiotic susceptibility of L. plantarum indicated NA; and the antibiotic susceptibility of St. thermophilus indicated NA, CC, RA, CTT, CM, and P ; and the antibiotic susceptibility of L. rhamnosus indicated SXT, VA, NA and CTT; and the antibiotic susceptibility of 6 strains of L. sakei indicated SXT, OX, NOR, NA, CTT and CIP, all indicating antibiotic resistance. In the case of multi-drug resistance to antibiotics for 53 strains of L. antarum, 8-drug resistance was the most common with 25 strains, followed by 7-drug-resistant strains with 18 strains, 9-drug-resistant strains with 4 strains, 6-drug-resistant strains with 3 strains, 5-drug-resistant strains with 2 strains, and 17-drug-resistant strains with 1 strain. In the case of multi-drug resistance to antibiotics for Ent. Faecium 27 strains, 9-drug resistance was most commonly identified as 9 strains, 8-drug resistance was identified as 6 strains, 7- and 11 drug resistances were identified as 4 strains each, and 4- and 6-drug resistances were identified as 1 strain each. Conclusion: Ent. Faecium, L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus, L. sakei, and St. thermophilus, shown to have anantibacterial activity in previous studies on LAB and shown to have and H₂O₂ generating ability, antibiotic resistance and multi-drug resistance in this study, are expected to be able to play an excellent role for long-term inpatients to use as an alternative to antibiotics and to cope with emerging antibiotic resistance.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.292-298
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• 1998

The isolates from putrefying soybean curd were identified as Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus sp., Cardiobacterium sp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pantoea sp., Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Xenorhabdus luminescens, Yersinia sp.. The existence percentages of the bacteria from putrefying soybean curd at room temperature storage were Bacillus cereus J55 23.57%, Xenorhabdus luminescens J48 22.73%, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus J61 22.26%, Klebsiella pneumoniae J62 21.25%, Salmonella typhimurium J51 2.87%, Pantoea sp. J57 2.65%, Bacillus sp. J58 1.43%, Cardiobacterium sp. J54 1.26%, Escherichia coli J53 1.20%, Staphvlococcus aureus J6O 0.93%, Yersinia sp. J50 0.05%, respectively. Four out of eleven bacteria as B. cereu J55, X. luminescens J48, Ac. calcoaceticus J61, Kl. pneumoniae J62 putrefied soybean curd and those bacteria produce amylase or proteinase as a extracellular enzyme. But S. typhimurium J51, Pantoea sp. J57, Bacillus sp. J58, Cardiobacterium sp. J54, E. coli 153, St. aureus J60, Yersinia sp. J50 were not putrefied soybean curd. The isolates detected to resistant on various antimicrobial agents. The majority were resistant to aminoside antiboitics as amicacin, gentamicin, tobramycin and were susceptible to ${\beta}$-lactamine antibiotics as penicillin G, oxacillin, cephalothin cefazolin, cefamandole.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.6 s.73
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• pp.941-947
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• 2005

The contamination frequency of major foodborne pathogenic bacteria was investigated from 213 seafood samples including sliced raw fish and shellfish in Busan and CyeongNam province area. Tested microorganisms were Salmonella spp. Staphyloroccus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Bncillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter jejuni. The frequency of isolated microorganisms was V. parahaemolyticus (30.5%), B. cereus (9.9%), S. aureus (3.8%) and other pathogenic bacteria (1.4%). from July to October, total isolation rates were greater than 50% and V. parahaemolyticus was dominant among the microorganisms isolated. The bacteria isolation rate (49.2%) in raw seafoods including shellfishes was higher than one (28.9%) in sliced raw fish. V. parahaemelyticus isolates were resistant to ampicillin (96.9%), amikacin (29.2%) and tetracycline (27.7%), and B. cereus isolates were resistant to ampicillin (100%), Penicillin G (100%), rifampicin (71.4%) and tetracycline (14.3%). The growth of V. parahaemolyticus and B. rereus was greatly inhibited below $10^{\circ}C$, but increased at ambient temperature. Washing seafood with tap water showed to reduce total count of remaining V. parahaemolyticus. Thus temperature control under $10^{\circ}C$, sufficient washing and prompt eating appeared to reduce the risk of food poisoning by these bacteria in seafoods.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.441-445
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• 1993

Ten bacteriocin-producing Enterococcus faecium strains with urease activity ($1.10-6.2nkat.mL^{-1}$) were isolated from the rumen of 2-8 weeks old calves. All strains were resistant aginst disodium arsenate at a minimal inhibition concentration - MIC $5g.L^{-1}$ and mercury chloride ($MIC=10-20mg.L^{-1}$). Eight strains were resistant against silver nitrate ($MIC=40-50mg.L^{-1}$) and three against antibiotics used. The resistance against six antibiotics was found in A23 strain. Values of adherence index ranged from 5.02 to 20.4 enterococci adhered per one epithelial cell of rumen wall. All isolates produced bacteriocins which inhibited the growth at least of one of five indicator organisms. The EF1 strain with a good affinity to the epithelial cell ($15.2{\pm}1.2$) produced bacteriocin substance with antimicrobial activity against grampositive and gramnegative indicator bacteria.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.129-132
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• 2004

Causative agents of mastitis were isolated from glandular tissues of 101 culled Holstein cow udders and tested with antimicrobials by standardized disc diffusion method. Pathogens most commonly isolated were coagulase-negative staphylococci (43.9%) and streptococci (21.4%). Most of the udders (88.5%) showed mixed infections with more than two species of bacteria. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests revealed that 90.0% and 84.5% of the isolated organisms were susceptible to amoxicillin and gentamicin, while most organisms were resistant to erythromycin. Coliforms were resistant to ampicillin, cephalothin, cefazolin, erythromycin, kanamycin, neomycin, penicillin and tetracycline and streptococci to erythromycin, kanamycin, neomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.74-77
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• 2006

A lactic acid bacterial strain resistant to several antibiotics such as oxytetracycline, tylosin, neomycin and sulfathiazole, which have been often used as a therapeutic agent in livestock, was isolated from the porcine gastrointestinal tract. The isolate YB-55 was identified as belonging to the genus Pediococcus with the highest similarity to P. pentosaceus on the basis of its 16S rRNA sequence and biochemical properties. The isolated strain showed viability of over 85% at pH 3.0 and was resistant to bile salt. The strain produced lactic acid of 12.3 g/L by jar fermentation and maintained its viability in the presence of antibiotics at dosage related therapeutic effect, suggesting P. pentosaceus YB-55 may of ffr potential as a probiotics for livestock.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1617-1619
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• 2009

Lactobacillus rhamnosus PL60 was tested for whether it can produce c9,t11- and t10,c12-conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) in human. After consumption of L. rhamnosus PL60, L. rhamnosus was detected in feces 1 week after the start of intake. Analysis by gas chromatography showed that concentrations of c9,t11- and t10,c12-CLAs in serum had increased and concentrations of serum leptin had significantly decreased. Results showed that L. rhamnosus PL60 can survive in human intestines and produce CLAs in humans. This is the first report that bacteria can produce CLAs in humans.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.441-446
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• 2003

Water-insoluble chitosan with molecular weight of 2,000,000, 500,000, 80,000, and 40,000 and more than 90% of degree of deacetylation were used to test antibacterial activity of chitosan against a pathogenic bacteria, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA), which is being issued in the world. As experimental method, Agar plate Smear Method and Agar plate Contact Method were used. The moleculur weight of chitosan didn't exert significant influences on its antibacterial activity against MRSA but chitosan having molecular weight 40,000, 80,000 and 150,000 showed the excellent antibacterial activity. The antibacterial efHciency was excellent in applying it after chitosan was dissolved in acetic acid solution, while the antibacterial efficiency was not expressed nearly in case of applying after chitosan was dissolved in neutral water. Therefore, it is considered that chitosan can show the antibacterial efficiency only if a positive ion status of -NH₃/sup +/ is maintained. MIC of chitosan/acetic acid solution and cotton fabrics finished with chitosan/acetic acid solution showed in concentration of 0.05%.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.557-563
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• 2002

Water-soluble chitosan and water-insoluble chitosan with molecular weight of 2,000,000, 500,000, 80,000, and 40,000 with more than 90%of degree of deacetylation were produced to test antibacterial activity of chitosan against a pathogenic bacteria, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA). the AATCC Test Method 100and Modified AATCC Test Method 100 were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of chitosan. Antibacterial activity of chitosan/acetic acid solution was the same when they were tested by two different methods, but those of polyester fabrics treated with chitosan/acetic acid solution were different in different antibacterial test. So several problems were found in the experimental methods. The AATCC Test Method 100 seems that excessive nutrition exists in inoculum solution by quantitative analysis on the basis the result of antibacterial activity on chitosan/acetic acid solution and amount of chitosan attached to the surface of treated fabrics.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.461-465
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• 2006

The occurrence of thioredoxin reductase (NAD(P)H: oxidized-thioredoxin reductase, EC 1.6.4.5, TrxR) in five mesophilic species of Deinococcus was investigated by PAGE. Each species possessed a unique TrxR pattern, for example, a single TrxR characterized D. radiopugnans while multiple forms of TrxR occurred in other Deinococcal spp. Most of TrxRs occurring in Deinococcus showed dual cofactor specificity, active with either NADH or NADPH, although the NADPH specific-TrxR was observed in D. radiophilus and D. proteolytic us.