• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2009년도 제38회 동계학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.300-300
• /
• 2010

후면 패시베이션, back contact의 가변, 후면 접촉면적의 가변 등으로 Laser Fired Contact 태양전지의 효율을 증가 시킬 수 있다. 이 중 spacing의 가변으로 후면 접촉 면적을 가변 할 수 있으며, 이로 인하여 LFC 태양 전지의 효율을 높일 수 있을 것으로 전망된다. 본 연구에서는 후면 접촉 면적을 가변하였으며 이에 따른 효과를 확인하였다. series resistance가 작고, open circuit voltage 가 높은 최적의 조건을 찾는 것에 그 목적을 두었다. 실험 순서는 texturing 후, 후면에 SiNx를 10nm 증착하였으며, drive-in 방법으로 $POCl_3$을 도핑하였다. ARC후, spacing 조건 가변으로 접촉 면적을 가변시키면서 소자의 특성 변화를 비교하였다. 접촉 면적 및 spacing 조건은 5개의 set에 대하여 reference, 50%의 접촉 면적을 가지는 $150{\mu}m$ line, 10%의 접촉 면적을 가지는 $700{\mu}m$ line, 1%의 접촉 면적을 가지는 $700{\mu}m$ dot, 그리고 0.2%의 접촉 면적을 가지는 $1500{\mu}m$ dot으로 하였다. 각각의 경우에 대한 short circuit current density, fill factor, seris resistance, sheet resistance, open circuit voltage를 측정하였으며, 특히 series resistance는 각각의 경우에 대하여 $6.1m{\Omega}$, $5.1m{\Omega}$, $7.8m{\Omega}$, $10.1m{\Omega}$, 그리고 $15.7m{\Omega}$으로 측정되었다. wafer의 외각 테두리를 접촉 면적이 증가함에 따라서 sheet resistance가 증가하는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.90-93
• /
• 2005

An improved approximate formula is presented for Series 60 forms, modifying the approximate formula, developed by the Author in 1983. The weather formula is based on interpretations of detailed calculations of speed loss, due to wind(van Berlekom), motions(Maruo), and wave reflection resistance(Kwon). Comparison is made between the result of the approximate formula and the one of detailed calculation. The result of the formula is also compared with some published full-scale data for speed loss.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2002

A new closed-form expressions to calculate frequency-dependent distributed inductance and the associated distributed series resistance of single interconnect on a lossy silicon substrate (CMOS technology) are presented. The proposed analytic model for series impedance is based on a self-consistent field method and the vector magnetic potential equation. It is shown that the calculated frequency-dependent distributed inductance and the associated resistance are in good agreement with the results obtained from rigorous full wave solutions and CAD-oriented equivalent-circuit modeling approach.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.259-267
• /
• 1990

본(本) 연구는 간척지토양(干拓地土壤)의 숙성화정도(熟成化程度)에 따른 토양(土壤)의 이화학성(理化學性) 변화(變化) 양상(樣相)을 구명(究明)하여 벼 수량증대(收量增大)를 위(爲)한 토양개량(土壤改良)과 관리자료(管理資料)를 얻고져 실시하였다. 1. 광활통의 이앙전(移秧前) 토양(土壤) 및 지하수(地下水) 염농도는 간척(干拓)21년차(年次)에서 각각(各各) 0.29, 1.02%로 염해가 우려(憂慮)되나 33년차(年次)부터는 수도재배(水滔栽培)가 가능(可能)한 함량(含量)이었고, 포승통(浦升統)은 33년차(年次)까지 염해우려와 그 이후(以後)부터는 벼안전재배(安全栽培)가 가능(可能)한 함량(含量)이었다. 2. 토양(土壤)이 숙성화(熟成化) 됨에 따라 입경중(粒徑中) 점토함량(粘土含量), Atterberg limits, 점토활성도(粘土活性度)는 양토양(兩土壤) 공(共)히 부(負)의 상관(相關), 모래함량 및 N-계수(係數)는 정(正)의 상관(相關)을 보였다. 3. 토심별(土深別) 원추저항(圓錐抵抗)은 양토양(兩土壤) 공(共)히 간척(干拓)5년차(年次)까지는 원추관입지수(圓錐貫入指數) $3kg/cm^2$이하(以下)를 보인 반면(反面) 경반시생성(硬盤尸生成)은 광활통 33년차(年次), 포승통(浦升統)은 49년차(年次)부터 나타났으며 그 정도(程度)는 포승통(浦升統)에서 두껍게 생성(生成)되고 있었다. 4. 전단저항(剪斷抵抗)은 경작년수(耕作年數)가 경과(經過)할수록 양토양(兩土壤) 공(共)히 낮아지는 경향(傾向)이며, 마찰저항(摩擦抵抗)은 포승통(浦升統)보다 광활통에서 높아지는 경향(傾向)이었다. 5. 경작년수(耕作年數)가 경과(經過)할수록 양토양(兩土壤) 공(共)히 토양산도(土壤酸度), 유효규산(有效珪酸), 고토(苦土), 가리(加里), 소다, 양(陽)이온 치환용량(置換容量)은 부(負)와 상관(相關), 유기물(有機物), 유효인산(有效燐酸), 석회(石灰), 전질소함량(全窒素含量)은 정(正)의 상관(相關)을 보였다. 또 유기물(有機物) 및 석회함량(石灰含量)은 광활통에서 높았으며 양(陽)이온 치환용량(置換容量)은 포승통(浦升統)에서 매우 높았다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.28-39
• /
• 1991

조파저항과 마찰저항이 최소가 되는 선수형상을 구하기 위한 최적화문제에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 선미부는 기존선형으로 고정하며 선수부만의 offsets을 설계변수로 하였다. 구하고자 하는 최적선형을 기존선형과 이에 대한 미소변화량으로 나누어 조파저항계산시 기존선형에는 Neumann-Kelvin 이론을 적용하고 미소변화량에는 thin ship 이론을 적용하였으며 마찰저항은 ITTC 1957 모형선-실선 상관곡선을 이용하였다. 선체표면을 모양함수(shape function)를 이용하여 근사시켰고, 이로부터 목적함수인 조파저항과 마찰저항은 offsets에 대한 2차식 형태로 표현되므로 선형구속조건을 적용하면 2차계획(quadratic programing)문제를 세울 수 있으며 complementary pivot method를 이용하여 해를 구하였다. 대상선형은 Series 60 $C_{B}$=0.6이고 Fn=0.289에서 최적화하였으며, 적절한 구속조건을 주어서 현실적인 최적선수형상을 구하고자 하였다. 본 방법으로 구한 최적선형은 thin ship 이론만을 이용하여 구한 선형과 비교할 때 설계속도 Fn=0.289에서 약간의 조파저항성능 개선(1.92%)를 가져왔다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제23권7호
• /
• pp.575-579
• /
• 2010

The technologies of Ni/Cu plating contact is attributed to the reduced series resistance caused by a better contact conductivity of Ni with Si and the subsequent electroplating of Cu on Ni. The ability to pattern narrower grid lines for reduced light shading was combined with the lower resistance of a metal silicide contact and an improved conductivity of the plated deposit. This improves the FF (fill factor) as the series resistance is reduced. This is very much requried in the case of low concentrator solar cells in which the series resistance is one of the important and dominant parameter that affect the cell performance. A Selective emitter structure with highly dopeds regions underneath the metal contacts, is widely known to be one of the most promising high-efficiency solution in solar cell processing In this paper the formation of a selective emitter, and the nickel silicide seed layer at the front side metallization of silicon cells is considered. After generating the nickel seed layer the contacts were thickened by Cu LIP (light induced plating) and by the formation of a plated Ni/Cu two step metallization on front contacts. In fabricating a Ni/Cu plating metallization cell with a selective emitter structure it has been shown that the cell efficiency can be increased by at least 0.2%.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제30권10호
• /
• pp.2227-2232
• /
• 2009

Novel polythiol materials of urethane lens series for plastic optical lens were synthesized from polyol materials via thioisouronium of thiourea with c-HCl in refluxing aqueous solution, in which polythiol material was carried out from hydrolysis of thioisouronium by ammonia water. Their structure properties were identified by EA, EI-MS, FT-IR, $^1H\;and\;^{13}C$ NMR spectroscopies and TGA. Their ophthalmic lenses as polythiourethane material were prepared by thermal curing to an injected glass mold using the evenly solutions of diisocyanates series (TDI, XDI, HDI or IPDI) with polythiols. Polythiourethane shows that the strong stretching mode for SH group of polythiol disappeared in FT-IR spectra after thermosetting polymerization. Thermal deformation starting temperature of ophthalmic lenses was determined by TMA. Ophthalmic lenses made from characteristic polythiol and diisocyanate series have transparency, colorless and good impact strength, in which thermal resistance and impact strength of ophthalmic lenses were influenced by diisocyanate series. Physical properties of ophthalmic lens have contrast thermal resistance with impact strength. The property of thermal resistance and impact strength for respective ophthalmic lenses was examined by TMA and drop ball test.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 1995년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.124-129
• /
• 1995

In this study proposed to rapid and simple methid of test for early evaluation of strength of cement. The obtained results through a series of experiment are summarized as follow. The resistance ratio was decreased as the increase of water-cement ratio. The compressive strength of cement was increased as the resistance ratio increase. The experimental results of compressive strength of cement is shown in the same value no relation with the kind of cement respectively.

• 전기학회논문지P
• /
• 제63권3호
• /
• pp.212-217
• /
• 2014

The electric power output characteristics of magnesium fuel cell were investigated with regard to internal resistance. A equivalent circuit with the series-connected three internal resistance was introduced to analyze of the response to change of power. The power output analysis was employed in order to investigate the effect of internal resistances for the electrolyte concentration, air electrode area, Mg electrode area and distance between the electrodes. It was confirmed that internal resistance is generated by the electrolyte, air electrode and metal electrode, then those Internal resistances had a significant effect on the power output decrease. The power output was a maximum when the load resistance maches the internal resistance of the magnesium fuel cell. The fuel efficiency was only 50% at maximum power output. Higher fuel efficiency was achieved when the load resistance is greater than the internal resistance.

• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제41권3호
• /
• pp.222-226
• /
• 2005

A series of model tests carried out at the CWC of WJFEL for the purpose of prediction of resistance for the performance and improvement of resistance by attaching appendage for the ship of 50 knots class planing hull. The resistance performance evaluation has been carried out for the bare hull and for the appendage hull with two different depth of vertical type wedges. In the bare model test, trim and sinkage is calculated for the planing hull and the resistance is calculated. For minimizing the resistance, wedge appendage is attached and tested. Analysis and tests shows that for a 12.5mm wedge, resistance is minimum and overall power tallied to 5636ps.