• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.171-176
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• 2000

Drink and tea-bag were processed with safflower seed powder. Drinks were processed with 90$^{\circ}$C hot water extraction. Yield, soluble solid, pH and centrifugation residue of drinks were ranged in 79.2~89.3%, 0.6~0.99%, 5.98~6.40 and 1.00~1.18, respectively. Sensory score of overall acceptance in drinks were highest at that of enzyme treated drink. Tea-bag was processed with roasted safflower seed powder, alone(1.2g) and the mixtured tea-bags were consisted of persimmon leaves, pine needle and angelica gigas powder in same amount, respectively. Teas were prepared with extraction at 80$^{\circ}$C water for 2 min. Soluble solid and sensory evaluation score of teas were the highest when the tea was processed with safflower seed alone.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.399-405
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• 1997

With the increase of ZnO content, heat of hydration decreased. For specimens containing ZnO more than 0.6 wt.%, the compressive stength of cement cured for 28 days could not be measured because setting was not occurred. With the increase of ZnO content, Blaine specific surface area of cement was decreased and the residue of 45 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and 90 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ was increased when cement was ground. That is, grindability became worse as ZnO increased in clinker. The difference of color as a function of ZnO content could not be observed, but in the excess of amount of ZnO added, color became more white and reddish yellow.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.8-14
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• 2008

Flame-retardant cotton fabrics were prepared by UV curing of photocurable aqueous formulations of phosphorous-containing methacrylate monomers and 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone as flame retardants and a photoinitiator respectively, which is an environmentally friendly and energy-saving process. The characterization of the UV-coated cotton fabric was made by ATR, TGA and limited oxygen index measurement. UV cured coating onto cotton fabrics reduced the first thermal decomposition temperature and mass loss as well as increase in the amount of char residue compared with the untreated cotton fabric presumably due to modified thermal decomposition process. The LOI values up to 28.5 and 27.2 were obtained by the UV curing of MMEP and TMEP respectively. The treatment was durable to five laundering cycles, which was more prominent in the case of trifunctional TMEP treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.21-26
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• 2008

Solar cells are renewable energy source which is not only environmentally friendly but also economically viable. For that matter, thin film materials are in observed with great in terest by a number of sources throughout the nations. Among these, CdTe (Cadium telluride) and CIS (copper indium diselenide) are the latest commercial products that are gathering attention in the solar cells markets. However there are some downsides to this newly invention. Since the materials are embedded, in the occasion of damage, certain amount of module residue can be released to water or soil. This paper outlines the results of our outdoor leaching experiments on photovoltaic (PV) samples broken into small fragments and been observed for 1 year.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.8-11
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• 1967

A method of determination of gold in ores has been established: Disolved ore solution is evaporated to dryness, redissolved with 0.1N HCl then chloroaurate formed is adsorbed on anion exchange resin, Dowex $1\;{\cdot}\;{\times}4$. The resin is ignited and the residue is dissolved with HCl-$HNO_3$. After evaporation of the acid, and then dilution with water, sodium azide is added. The gold is extracted with amyl alcohol from the solution buffered to pH 6. The gold is determined by measuring absorbancy of the alcohol layer spectrophotometricaly at $385m{\mu}$. Various factors, HCl concentration, amount of the resin rate, if adsorption, foreign ions, effecting to the method, have been examined. This method seems to be satisfactory for the determination of gold presented dawn to 1g per metric ton in ore.

• Carbon letters
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.127-132
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• 2004

Chop molding composites and 2D carbon/carbon composites were manufactured by hot press molding method. Phenol resin of novolac type was used for matrix precursor and PAN-based carbon, PAN-based graphite and pitch-based carbon fiber were used for reinforcement and boron oxide was used for oxidation retardant. All of the composites were treated by $2000^{\circ}C$ and $2400^{\circ}C$ graphitization process, respectively. After graphitization process, amount of a boron residue in carbon/carbon composites is much according to irregularity of used raw materials. Under the presence of boron in carbon/carbon composites, catalytic effect of boron was a little at $2000^{\circ}C$ graphitization temperature. However, it was quite at $2400^{\circ}C$ graphitization.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1327-1332
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• 1998

The optimum thermal condition of retort Biji product was determined by heat penetration curve, aerobic bacteria count and sensory test. Retort Biji showed a simple logarithmic heating curve regardless of solid content. Heating time was a $26{\sim}27$ min until Fo value reached 9 min and the amount of microorganism in the Biji product sterilized for 26 min at $121^{\circ}C$ were decreased to $10^{-4}\;CFU/g$, indicating the safe range for retort product. The rate of heat penetration was reduced as solid content and size of product were increased, whereas sterilization temperature and initial temperature of product influenced the heat penetration curve. Sensory scare indicated that there was no significant difference in color, flavor, and appearance among different thermal processes. However, Biji product sterilized at $121^{\circ}C$ showed the highest score in overall preference value.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.286-289
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• 1991

The changed isotropic absolute Raman intensities of the phosphate residue in the complexes of positive charge oligopeptides, lys-lys, arg-arg, lys-aromat-lys, negative charge diethyl phosphoric acid (DEP) and polyriboadenylic acid{poly(rA)} were reported and discussed. Our measurements showed that the absolute intensities of phosphate stretch vibration in complexes were different according to the reaction partners. Due to the partial electrical charge and molecular structure of oligopeptides for the complex formation lysine can interact more strongly than arginine when the reaction partners have short chain and no steric hindrance. Owing to these reasons the intensity of phosphate stretching vibration is very sensitive according to the circumstance of reaction. From our results we could suggest that we can discriminate any one of the the lysine and arginine in the complicated biological molecule during interaction between nucleotides and proteins. The activity of reaction of two basical oligopeptides is not quite similar for complex formation in aqueous solution. The activity of dipeptides depends upon the structure of molecule and environment for complex formation. Aromatic ring contributes to electrostatic interaction in complexes. The amount of the absolute intensity for pure stacking interaction is smaller than electrostatic interaction in macromolecular complexes.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.66-74
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• 2002

The effects of phenol during ethylene carbonate (EC) liquefaction of pine bark in the presence of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) as a catalyst were investigated. Liquefaction of pine bark using EC in the presence of acid catalyst was very difficult in comparison to wood. Mixing ethylene glycol (EG) with EC improved the liquefaction process, but the maximum liquefaction yield did not exceed 78%. Mixing 20~30% phenol with EC was very effective for the liquefaction and the residue was remarkably decreased. More than 95% of liquefaction was achieved when about 30% phenol was mixed with EC. The reaction conditions, such as catalyst concentration, liquefaction temperature and time, type of catalyst and liquefying agent, had a great influence on the liquefaction process. The results of the average molecular weights and the amount of combined phenols for the liquefied products indicated that sulfuric acid (SA) causes high condensation reactions compared to MSA.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.262-270
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• 1994

The established methods in the residue analysis of endosulfan require an extensive sample clean-up prior to quantification by relatively complex equipment. A radioimmunoassay(RIA) provides a simple procedure with theoretically higher sensitivity and specificity necessitating only a minimum of sample clean-up. Endosulfan-specific antibodies were developed in rabbits by using a bovine serum albumin(BSA) conjugate wherein the alcohol form of endosulfan was multiply bound to the protein via succinylation. Produced antibodies showed the high titers to endosulfan-BSA(1 : 32,000). An RIA method was developed in water and carp by using $^{14}C-labeled$ endosulfan as a tracer. The lowest detection amount of endosulfan was 1 ng in the liver, kidneys, gut and water samples, and 3 ng in the whole body sample of carp without any clean-up, corresponding to 0.1 ppb of endosulfan.