• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.57-67
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• 2013

The studies of Korean traditional gardens have been a lot of diachronic approaches through ancient documents and on-site investigation. Previous research has focused on the characteristics that are inherent symbolism of the traditional landscape space, such as site characteristics. There are many studies for inner gardens, outer gardens and other influential ranges of gardens of the location characteristics. However, studies on the scale of external gardens were not satisfactory from a quantitative perspective. Unlike private life sphere, quantitative analysis was conducted on the role of a sphere of public community life for outer gardens. Visibility analysis was performed through the existing literature and GIS programs to estimate the magnitude of the outer garden. When it was compared with Min G. H.(1982) research, it is almost the same if it is estimated to focus on Buyoung -bong(芙蓉峯) and Ip-am(立巖). Also, as a result of the fractal structure for a variety of symbols in the garden, fractal dimension in landscape elements is relatively concentrated, unlike in other areas. Thus, the external scale can be a means of cultural property protection out of the crucial perspective for the inner garden. There has been consideration of the cooperation with the visual complexity using the concept of fractal structure as one of the elements of landscape analysis.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.625-629
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• 2011

In this study, we analyzed the signal environment of 17 DGNSS stations operated by DGPS Central Office through TEQC quality checking, visibility analysis and site visits. With TEQC, we produced times series of four indices of TEQC quality checking: observation ratio, L1 pseudorange multipath, L2 pseudorange multipath, and the frequency of cycle slip events. From visibility analysis, the directions where missing observations are happening were identified and the result was verified through onsite investigation. Without considering TEQC indices at the six sites(Palmido, Eochungdo, Geomundo, Pyeongchang, Seongju, and Chungju), the average TEQC indices were: 98% observation ratio, 0.19m of L1 pseudorange multipath, 0.71m of L2 pseudorange multipath, and 1.3 cycle slips per 1000 observations. The observation ratios at Palmido and Eochungdo were low. It was found that receiver settings were incorrect so that they could track the P2 signal of GPS satellites with L2C capability. No signal-blocking obstacles were found around the Geomundo station except the lighthouse. Thus, we guess that the poor TEQC indices at the site are believed to be caused by problems in the GPS hardware or cables. The low observation ratio at Pyeongchang is being caused by the surrounding hills blocking the satellite view from the south to the northwest directions. Even though all of four TEQC indices were bad at Seongju and Chungju stations, we found that the signal reception environment at the two sites is in good condition. We think that the quality indices got poor probably because of malfunctioning equipment. So, further investigation is needed for the Seongju and Chungju sites.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is a suggestion that it is a way for conservation and management the Namgye Seowon's heritage value based on its landscape visibility and land use; Namgye Seowon is a world heritage registration object. To do this, We had done a field investigation and a literature examination. The investigations are as following; first, setting protection zone through a comprehensive approach beyond uniform cultural properties protection zone is to note current intellectual situations as well as the place related to the locational characteristics and figures of Namgye Seowon. It's to set fore seeable section of landscape by analyzing visibility focusing through on Pungyeongnu, and it consider with protection zone and the present condition of land use. Especially, external view of landscape in Namgye Seowon is visualized with Baekam-san in the distance view of it and Cheonhwang-bong in Daebong-san and nearby large soundproof walls and the towers acts as an impediment factor to the view of landscape. In addition, to recover the original view of landscape of the Namgye Seowon, reckless plans focusing the authenticity of the world heritage should be limited and in case of the vegetation landscape, restoration and maintenance will be made through historical research literature. Through this study, researches on Namgye Seowon and several seowons will be done actively and its aims are to become the framework of landscape conservation and management measures to meet world heritage criteria.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.19-35
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• 2010

In recently, the globalization of business and the competitive pressure have led to the growing strategic importance of the logistics function within the organization. All organizations are approaching 3PL(Third party logistics : 3PL) services to manage their logistics activities to gain competitive advantages. This has placed a number of demands on the logistics system and has become a rapidly developing area of investigation. Thus the research objective is to examine the effects of 3PL service qualities, trust and commitment on logistics performance. The results shows that visibility and expertise of the 3PL service quality elements positively affected shipper's trust. And availability, visibility and communication of the 3PL service quality elements positively affected shipper's commitment. In addition, the trust and commitment of shipper's company on the 3PL corporation positively affected logistics performance.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.42-55
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to figure out the place characteristics of preferable city tourist attractions through the contents analysis of non-academic literatures such as tourist guidebooks and web materials. The most preferable Seoul tourist attractions were selected by their frequency in literatures including Namsan and Hangang as 'natural' places, Dugsu Palace and Gyungbok Palace as 'historical' places, Itaewon and Daehak-ro as 'lively-cultural' places that were classified by their relativistic character. The main findings of the research are as follows. The essential place characteristics of tourist attractions were synthesized in urban, regional and place scale respectively. While 'contrast' was found to be the most distinguished character of the tourist attractions in the urban context, 'connectivity' was found to be the most distinguished character of the tourist attractions in the regional context. In addition, both 'visibility' and 'experience' were found to be the most distinguished characters of the tourist attractions in the place context. The characteristics of these places seem to be the universal fascination factors of city tourist attractions currently recognized by ordinary citizens. We expect to further strengthen the city identity and the city tourism effect by adopting those research results systematically to the urban environment. Therefore, it is needed to vitalize the urban tourist attractions that we make them to be more 'contrasting' with urban areas surrounding them, more 'connective' with vicinity areas and more 'visibly fascinating' and 'experienced actively and meaningfully' in each place of tourist attractions.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.161-172
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• 2021

Along with the emergence of technologies related to the 4th industrial revolution, all industry sectors are making efforts to dramatically increase productivity by actively introducing high-tech technologies. Recently, the MLIT (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport) is trying to solve problems related to low productivity and high accident rate in the construction industry by applying the 4th industrial revolution technologies to infrastructure construction through smart construction R&D projects. This research was performed as part of the smart construction R&D project supported by MLIT, and the purpose is to develop a module that automatically generates moving paths for construction equipment based on the earthwork plan for road construction. The generated moving path can be used to provide safe and efficient paths for construction equipment and to support MC and MG to work efficiently. The moving paths for construction equipment are created based on the Visibility Graph and a case study is performed to show how the paths are generated based on a given construction site.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1044-1054
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• 2022

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether a deep learning reconstruction (DLR) method improves the image quality, stent evaluation, and visibility of the valve apparatus in coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) when compared with filtered back projection (FBP) and hybrid iterative reconstruction (IR) methods. Materials and Methods: CCTA images of 51 patients (mean age ± standard deviation [SD], 63.9 ± 9.8 years, 36 male) who underwent examination at a single institution were reconstructed using DLR, FBP, and hybrid IR methods and reviewed. CT attenuation, image noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and stent evaluation, including 10%-90% edge rise slope (ERS) and 10%-90% edge rise distance (ERD), were measured. Quantitative data are summarized as the mean ± SD. The subjective visual scores (1 for worst -5 for best) of the images were obtained for the following: overall image quality, image noise, and appearance of stent, vessel, and aortic and tricuspid valve apparatus (annulus, leaflets, papillary muscles, and chordae tendineae). These parameters were compared between the DLR, FBP, and hybrid IR methods. Results: DLR provided higher Hounsfield unit (HU) values in the aorta and similar attenuation in the fat and muscle compared with FBP and hybrid IR. The image noise in HU was significantly lower in DLR (12.6 ± 2.2) than in hybrid IR (24.2 ± 3.0) and FBP (54.2 ± 9.5) (p < 0.001). The SNR and CNR were significantly higher in the DLR group than in the FBP and hybrid IR groups (p < 0.001). In the coronary stent, the mean value of ERS was significantly higher in DLR (1260.4 ± 242.5 HU/mm) than that of FBP (801.9 ± 170.7 HU/mm) and hybrid IR (641.9 ± 112.0 HU/mm). The mean value of ERD was measured as 0.8 ± 0.1 mm for DLR while it was 1.1 ± 0.2 mm for FBP and 1.1 ± 0.2 mm for hybrid IR. The subjective visual scores were higher in the DLR than in the images reconstructed with FBP and hybrid IR. Conclusion: DLR reconstruction provided better images than FBP and hybrid IR reconstruction.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.2A
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• pp.51-58
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• 2011

The objective of this research aims at improving the structural and economical efficiency of small and medium-span reinforced concrete bridge slab with the Inverted-T girders (hereinafter, called as IT). This IT method has an advantage over minimizing the construction process which could cause environmental pollution and traffic congestion. Especially it is thought that this new composite bridge slab with IT girders has better aesthetic view and visibility than existing old bridges, and is also a good methodology to solve labor shortage problems due to coming aging society. Therefore, this IT method should be one of very effective construction technologies to improve the constructibility and to reduce the construction cost.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.753-768
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• 2018

This study reveals the aesthetic characteristics and formative characteristics of the converged images of romantic sportism by analyzing how sportism fashion and romantic images fuse together. As for research methods, this study examines the aesthetic and formative characteristics of sportism fashion and the aesthetic and formative characteristics of romantic styles after grasping the basic concept and background based on a literature study of romantic and sportism fashion. As for an empirical study, the styles of sportism fashion pictures of romantic images collected from 2010 S/S to 2016 S/S from www.vogue.com were analyzed. The study results showed that there are 4 aesthetic characteristics of romantic sportism in modern fashion that included 'non-oriented form visibility', 'non-boundary sensibility', 'multi-sense blend', and 'non-formal mixed usage'. The formative characteristics based on these aesthetic characteristics are also derived in accordance with design factors as well as analyzed through representative pictures.

• Architectural research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.117-126
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• 2015

University residence halls have become one of the most important issues for students when selecting their academic institutions. However, in South Korea, while universities maintain technologically up-to-date facilities, when it comes to safety or security, the management is unsatisfactory. As a result, the number of violent crime has been increasing. However, there are few researches in terms of practical validity of CPTED Guidelines even though a myriad of researchers study about CPTED Guidelines. Therefore, this study endeavours to investigate the validity of theoretical CPTED Guidelines that to what extent it might be adopted for design process. As a methodology, Space Syntax Convex map and Visibility Graph Analysis (VGA) are chosen. As a result, since the types of space which have a high level of Space Syntax Index are analogous with space treated on CPTED Guidelines, it roughly shows that the theoretical CPTED Guidelines could be adopted in practical architectural design process. Furthermore, it reveals that there is a close relationship between detail design guide stated in CPTED Guidelines and the result of VGA. That is, through the analysis, it is proved that the validity of CPTED Guidelines is quite enough to be adopted in practical design process.