• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.38-53
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• 2022

T Recently, the government has been promoting the expansion and supply of renewable energy as an alternative for achieving carbon neutrality and the nationally determined contributions by 2030. In 2020, the Ministries of Industry and Environment and the Korea Forest Service collaborated to build a nationwide onshore wind energy siting atlas considering wind resources and forestry and environmental regulations focused on central regulations. In this study, the ordinances of the local governments were analyzed to examine the effects of regional location regulations on the expansion of onshore wind power energy generation facilities, in addition to those of central regulations. A development permit standard survey of 226 urban plan ordinances of the local governments nationwide showed that presently in 2022, 52 municipalities are applying regulations on wind energy generation facilities by ordinances. This is twice more than that in 2018, when renewable energy power generation facility development was difficult. Additionally, the location regulations applied by these ordinances were organized by items and regions, and regulatory characteristics, such as the number and scope, were analyzed by regions. To analyze the spatial distribution characteristics, JeollaNamdo was selected as the case area. A spatial DB was established for regulated areas based on the regional and central regulations, and the spatial distribution characteristics and the regulatory scope were compared and analyzed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.4
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• pp.645-653
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• 2010

This study carried out the recognition of appropriate forest managements and directions in Jirisan National Park. For this purpose, we undertook interview survey about the recognition of forest management in Jirisan National Park from ecological and forest research fields' experts. From the statistical analysis results, it was founded that the difference among respondents' types was detected about recognition of forest management in National park. However, all the respondent types recognized that the forest management in National park is essential. So the forest management in national park by forest experts and relevant institutions are revealed needed.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2024

This research aimed to assess the possibility of detecting forest degradation using time-series satellite imagery and three different deep learning-based change detection techniques. The dataset used for the deep learning models was composed of two sets, one based on surface reflectance (SR) spectral information from satellite imagery, combined with Texture Information (GLCM; Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix) and terrain information. The deep learning models employed for land cover change detection included image differencing using the Unet semantic segmentation model, multi-encoder Unet model, and multi-encoder Unet++ model. The study found that there was no significant difference in accuracy between the deep learning models for forest degradation detection. Both training and validation accuracies were approx-imately 89% and 92%, respectively. Among the three deep learning models, the multi-encoder Unet model showed the most efficient analysis time and comparable accuracy. Moreover, models that incorporated both texture and gradient information in addition to spectral information were found to have a higher classification accuracy compared to models that used only spectral information. Overall, the accuracy of forest degradation extraction was outstanding, achieving 98%.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.2
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• pp.267-276
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• 2015

This study suggests a macroscopic method of evaluating forest recreation function based on physical characteristics of forests. The method was verified by a correlation between forest recreation function in popular top 45 mountains and popularity among them, with using data-mountain area, height, distance between mountain and cities, population around mountain, and size of public service. According to analysis of the forest recreation function, it is shown that top 8 mountains, including Jirisan and Seoraksan, provide over 64% of total recreation function, while they serve the function relatively lower than mountains near mega cities-Bukhansan in Seoul-do, in terms of the function per unit area ($km^2$). It is because, in a case of national and provincial mountains, the size of mountain is likely a critical factor for determining recreation function and the distance influences on it relatively lower. These findings implicate that a large size of forests bring the recreation function to visitors on nationwide level, whileas forests in suburban provide intensively it to near population to near population.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.330-338
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• 2023

To investigate the impact of forestry projects on the carbon stocks of forests, we estimated the carbon stock change of above-ground and soil before and after forestry projects using forest type maps, forestry project information, and soil information. First, we selected six map sheet with large areas and declining age class based on forest type map information. Then, we collected data such as forest type maps, growth coefficients, soil organic matter content, and soil bulk density of the estimated areas to calculate forest carbon storage. As a result, forest carbon stocks decreased by about 34.1~70.0% after forestry projects at all sites. In addition, compared to reference studies, domestic forest soils store less carbon than the above-ground, so it is judged that domestic forest soils have great potential to store more carbon and strategies to increase carbon storage are needed. It was estimated that the amount of carbon stored before forestry projects is about 1.5 times more than after forestry projects. The study estimated that it takes about 27 years for forests to recover to their pre-thinning carbon stocks following forestry projects. Since it takes a long time for forests to recover to their original carbon stocks once their carbon stocks are reduced by physical damage, it is necessary to plan to preserve them as much as possible, especially for highly conservative forests, so that they can maintain their carbon storage function.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.299-319
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• 2016

The National Forest Inventory (NFI) is important for providing fundamental data for basic forest planning and the establishment of forest policies for the purpose of implementing sustainable forest management. The purpose of this study is to present the development of Korea's NFI including legal basis, sampling design, and measured variables and to review the usage of NFI data. The survey methods and forestry statistics among the Unites States, Canada, Japan, China, and European countries were briefly compared. Total 140 publications utilizing NFI data between 2008 and 2015 were categorized with 15 subjects. Korea has conducted the NFI 6 times since 1971, but only the $6^{th}$ NFI is comparable with the fifth, the previous NFI, because the permanent sampling plots have been shared between the periods. The Korean Forestry Statistics contains only half as many variables as that of advanced countries in Forestry. More researches were needed to improve consistent measurement of diverse variables through implementation of advanced technologies. Additional data for Forest Health Monitoring since the NFI $6^{th}$ must be under quality control which will be an essential part of the inventories for providing the chronological change of forest health.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.317-330
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• 2022

Recently, the policy regarding climate change in Korea and overseas has been to promote the utilization of forest biomass to achieve net zero emissions. In addition, with the implementation of the unused forest biomass system in 2018, the size of the Korean market for manufacturing wood pellets and wood chips using unused forest biomass is rapidly expanding. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the total amount of unused forest biomass that can be used as an energy source and to identify the capacity that can be continuously produced annually. In this study, we estimated the actual forest area that can be produced of logging residue and the potential amount of unused forest biomass resources based on GT (green ton). Using a forest functions classification map (1 : 25,000), 5th digital forest type map (1 : 25,000), and digital elevation model (DEM), the forest area with a slope of 30° or less and mountain ridges of 70% or less was estimated based on production forest and IV age class or more. The total forest area where unused forest biomass can be produced was estimated to be 1,453,047 ha. Based on GT, the total amount of unused forest biomass potential resources in Korea was estimated to be 117,741,436 tons. By forest type, coniferous forests were estimated to be 48,513,580 tons (41.2%), broad-leaved forests 27,419,391 tons (23.3%), and mixed forests 41,808,465 tons (35.5%). Data from this research analysis can be used as basic data to estimate commercial use of unused forest biomass.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.228-233
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• 2011

Nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2 (NDPK2) is known to regulate the expression of antioxidant genes and auxin-responsive genes in plants. Previously, it was noted that the overexpression of Arabidopsis NDPK2 (AtNDPK2) under the control of an oxidative stress-inducible SWPA2 promoter in transgenic poplar (Populus alba ${\times}$ P. tremular var. glandulosa) plants (referred to as SN plants) enhanced tolerance to oxidative stress and improved growth (Plant Biotechnol J 9: 34-347, 2011). In this study, growth of transgenic poplar was assessed under living modified organism (LMO) field conditions in terms of biomass in the next year. The growth of transgenic poplar plants increased in comparison with non-transgenic plants. The SN3 and SN4 transgenic lines had 1.6 and 1.2 times higher dry weight in stems than non-transgenic plants at 6 months after planting, respectively. Transgenic poplar also exhibited increased transcript levels of auxin-response genes such as IAA1, IAA2, IAA5 and IAA6. These results suggest that enhanced AtNDPK2 expression increases plant biomass in transgenic poplar through the regulation of auxin-response genes.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.59-59
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• 2012

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.152-158
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• 2005